Inter-laboratory comparison result analysis of noise measurement in simulated workplace in three years / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of noise measuring skills by continuous inter-laboratory comparison among occupational hygiene technical service organizations. METHODS: The results of 68, 55 and 50 occupational hygiene technical service organizations(reference organizations) participating in the inter-laboratory comparison of workplace noise measurement in 2014, 2017 and 2018 respectively were collected. The measurement operation and the calculation of equivalent sound level were evaluated according to the GBZ/T 189.8-2007 Measurement of Physical Agents in Workplace--Part 8: Noise.The measured results were analyzed by z score evaluation method. RESULTS: The results of noise measurement field operation of the reference organizations in the year 2014, 2017 and 2018 show that the accuracy rates of instrument setting was 89.7%, 98.2% and 100.0%, the accuracy rates of measuring position were 52.9%, 81.8% and 94.0%, the accuracy rates of sound level meter holding were 54.4%, 80.0% and 92.0%, the accuracy rates of microphone pointing were 98.5%, 98.2% and 94.0%, and the accuracy rates of noise type recognition were 83.8%, 92.7% and 84.0%, respectively. Among them, the accuracy of instrument setting, measurement position and sound level meter holding showed an increasing trend year by year(P<0.01). The pass rates of measurement results were 91.2%, 94.5% and 88.0% in 2014, 2017 and 2018 respectively. The pass rates of equivalent sound level calculation were 73.5%, 92.7% and 88.0%. The pass rates of comprehensive evaluation were 70.6%, 89.1% and 80.0% respectively. Among them, the pass rates of equivalent sound level calculation and comprehensive evaluation in 2017 were higher than that in 2014(P<0.017). There was no significant difference in the three-year comprehensive assessment total pass rate between private organizations and non-private organizations(84.0 % vs 75.5%, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total pass rate of three-year comprehensive evaluation between non-Pearl-River-Delta organizations and Pearl-River-Delta organizations(70.3% vs 81.6%, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Continuous inter-laboratory comparison in occupational hygiene technical service organizations is beneficial to improve on-site noise measure capability.

Reseña historica de la Gerencia de Seguridad Industrial, ambiente e higiene ocupacional del Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel" / Historical Overview Industrial Safety, environment and occupational of The National Institute of Hygiene "Rafael Rangel"

La Seguridad Industrial en el INHRR nace con la conformación del primer Comité de Higiene y Seguridad Industrial en el año 1997, cumpliendo con la Norma COVENIN 2270-95 "Conformación de Comités de Seguridad Industrial". En el año 1999, se asigna la creación de la Unidad de Seguridad Laboral y Ambiente a partir del Programa de Seguridad Laboral y Ambiente. Esta Unidad estaba adscrita a la Gerencia de Recursos Humanos del INHRR. El personal que conformó esta Unidad desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad, se ha caracterizado por ser un equipo multidisciplinario con experiencia en distintas áreas técnicas de la Institución y con conocimientos sólidos en trabajos como seguridad de laboratorio químico y biológico, entre otros. Profesionales altamente capacitados, comprometidos, con entrega, ética, mística de trabajo, calidad de servicio y sentido de pertenencia por la Institución. Posteriormente se integra al equipo de trabajo un Médico Ocupacional y una Enfermera Laboral con la finalidad de prestar la atención a los trabajadores y trabajadores de la Institución. En el año 1999, aproximadamente se crea la Brigada de Control de Emergencias de la Institución cumpliendo con la normativa nacional vigente. Dichos integrantes de esta brigada siempre han contado con capacitación o actualización continua en áreas de Combate y Supresión de Incendio Nivel I y II, Materiales Peligrosos Nivel Respondedor y Operaciones, Rescate Básico Nivel I, Primeros Auxilios Nivel I, Técnicas de Desalojo, Reanimación Cardio Pulmonar, entre otros. El 1ero de septiembre del 2013, mediante Punto de Cuenta al Consejo N° 01, Sesión N° 30 de fecha 10/10/2013, fue creada funcional y organizacionalmente la Gerencia de Seguridad Industrial, Ambiente e Higiene Ocupacional, adscrita a la Presidencia del Instituto, cuya función principal es velar por la seguridad laboral, industrial y ambiental tanto de las trabajadoras, trabajadores como instalaciones y el entorno de la Institución, enfatizando en las acciones preventivas, promoviendo la cultura de seguridad y prevención en la Institución, asesorando a las diferentes unidades en materia de seguridad laboral, salud y ambiente, realizando gestiones de manejo de desechos bioinfecciosos, planes de reciclaje de papel, capacitando al personal de la Institución en materia de seguridad, laboral y ambiente, apoyo e intercambio de saberes con Organismos del Estado, en otras actividades, todas estas enmarcadas en el fiel cumplimiento de las leyes, normativas y reglamentaciones vigentes en el País.

The Industrial Safety in the INHRR was born with the conformation of the first Committee of Hygiene and Industrial Safety in the year 1997, fulfilling with the Norm COVENIN 2270-95 "Conformation of Committees of Industrial Security". In 1999, the creation of the Occupational Safety and Environment Unit was assigned based on the Workplace Safety and Environment Program. This Unit was attached to the Human Resources Management of the INHRR. The staff that made up this Unit from its beginnings to the present, has been characterized as a multidisciplinary team with experience in different technical areas of the Institution and with solid knowledge in safe chemical and biological laboratory work, among others. Highly trained professionals, committed, with dedication, ethics, work mystique, quality of service and sense of belonging by the Institution. Later, an Occupational Physician and a Labor Nurse were integrated into the work team in order to provide care to the workers and workers of the Institution. In 1999 approximately the Emergency Control Brigade of the Institution was created, complying with the current national regulations. These members of this Brigade have always had training or continuous updating such areas of Combat and Suppression of Fire Level I and II, Hazardous Materials Level Responder and Operations, Basic Rescue Level I, First Aid Level I, Techniques of Eviction, Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation among others. On September 1, 2013, through Point of Account to the Board N ° 01, Session N ° 30 dated 10/10/2013 the Management of Industrial Safety, Environment and Occupational Hygiene was created functionally and organizationally, attached to the Presidency of the Institute , whose main function is to ensure the occupational, industrial and environmental safety of both workers, workers and facilities and the environment of the institution, emphasizing preventive actions, promoting the culture of safety and prevention in the institution, advising the different units in matters of occupational safety, health and environment, carrying out management of bioinfectious waste management, paper recycling plans, training the staff of the institution on safety, labor and environment, support and exchange of knowledge with the State Agency, in other activities, all activities framed in faithful compliance with the laws, regulations and regulations in force in the country.

Analysis of inter-laboratory comparison results of noise measuring instruments / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the interlaboratory comparison results of noise measuring instruments in the occupational hygiene technical service institutions. METHODS: The basic performance data, multi-frequency acoustic calibration measurement results and simulated workplace noise at fixed points of 60 noise measuring instruments were collected. The instruments were from 60 occupational health technical service institutions who participate in the inter-laboratory comparison study in noise measuring instruments. The results of the measurements were analyzed using quartile robust statistical technology and z score evaluation method.RESULTS: All 60 participating comparison noise measuring instruments were examined or calibrated, and 58 instruments(96.7%) were used within the term of validity of examination or calibration. The 58 instruments were tested by multi-frequency noise calibration measurement. The comparative passing rate of the instrument accuracy was 94.8%(55/58); and the linearity test passing rate was 87.9%(51/58). There were 59 instruments participated in the simulated workplace noise at fixed points. The z-score pass rate of the two comparison measurement points was 89.8%(53/58). A total of 57 enterprises participated all the instrument performance comparison tests, with a pass rate of 94.7%(54/57). CONCLUSION: Performance of noise measuring instruments from the occupational hygiene technical service institutions is generally good. However, there are a small number of instruments have poor accuracy and linearity, and there are measurement bias that require improvement.

Current status of occupational hygiene habits and Helicobacter pylori infection of domestic service personnel in a Shanghai community / 中华全科医师杂志

To explore the current status of occupational hygiene habits and Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection of domestic service personnel in a Shanghai community and propose the community control measures.A total of 76 domestic service personnel and employers were selected into the investigation and control groups.And they answered questionnaire and received 14C-urea breath test.The career duration of 65％ domestic service personnel were over 3 years.Home-based services accounted for 45％.The number of 49％ part-time service accounted for two or more.And 84％ of them dined together with service families.The difference of occupational hygiene habits and awareness of Hp infection had no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).The rate of Hp infection of domestic service personnel was 50％ vs.38％ for control group (x2 =2.162,P =1.141).Their consistent rate was 62％ (Kappa =0.237).A high risk of Hp infection spread within or between the families is correlated with the professional behaviors of domestic service personnel.Eradication therapy for an existing patient should be started as early as possible and occupational practices standardized.

Assessment of workplace health promotion activities / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

IntroductionThe workplace is an important site which can influence physical, mental, economic and social aspects of people’s wellbeing. In the globalized market a vital condition for success is healthy, professional and motivated human resources. With the increasing awareness of this factor in the public and private enterprises, the concept of health promoting workplace is gaining a growing significance.GoalTo study health promoting activities in the workplace and assess knowledge and attitude of employers on health promotion.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used and the data was collected using quantitative and qualitative methods. A thermal power plant, beverage manufacture, construction company and a mining company were selected for the study.ResultsIn terms of measurements of parameters of the working conditions, the average temperature was higher than required in the occupational hygiene standard (26.60C) and the air humidity was within standard level (30-70%). The workers of the thermal power plant, construction company and mining company are exposed to hand-arm and whole-body vibrations. The highest noise level was 96 dB(A) in the mechanical and repair shops of the mining company which exceeds the occupational hygiene standard. All companies had staff members who responsible for occupational safety, but only 3 had health care service providers for workers. Each company has its own policies to control and prevent workplace hazards and to promote workers health, but these activities were not implemented adequately. Conclusion:Employers, managers and employees have reasonable understanding of workplace health promotion. However, systematic training and counseling are required to improve the activities aimed at protection and promotion of the health of the employees. There is an acute need for systematic and comprehensive implementation of healthy workplace programs. Among others, improvement of the physical environment and ergonomics of every workstation, and availability of health services are also necessary. Environment for promotion and sustenance of healthy behavior in the employees need to be developed for the employees.

Avaliação das condições ambientais no laboratório de anatomia patológica de um hospital universitário no município do Rio de Janeiro / Assessment of environmental conditions in the pathological anatomy laboratory of a university hospital located in Rio de Janeiro

INTRODUÇÃO: Em laboratórios de anatomia patológica existem diversos tipos de riscos ambientais e ocupacionais. Tais riscos podem estar associados a acidentes do trabalho ou doenças ocupacionais. OBJETIVOS: Identificar e avaliar os riscos do processo de trabalho, estimulando a percepção dos mesmos pelos trabalhadores. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado o levantamento dos processos, fluxos de serviços, equipamentos, instalações, produtos, materiais, resíduos, equipes de trabalho e atividades dos trabalhadores. A seguir foram realizadas as medições dos agentes, elaborando-se a representação gráfica do mapa de riscos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se a presença de riscos químicos, físicos, biológicos, acidentários e inadequações ergonômicas. CONCLUSÃO: Os riscos de natureza química e biológica foram identificados como principais no processo de trabalho. Também foi verificada a necessidade de reformas e maiores investimentos na aquisição de equipamentos de proteção individual e coletiva visando à melhoria das condições de trabalho. A adesão a normas de biossegurança e a inserção de programas de educação continuada são indispensáveis no processo de redução dos riscos ambientais e ocupacionais.

BACKGROUND: In pathological anatomy laboratories, there are several kinds of environmental and occupational hazards, which can be associated with work accidents and occupational diseases. OBJECTIVES: To identify and assess work process risks in order to raise workers' awareness. METHODS: It was carried out an investigation into work processes, flow of services, equipment, site, products, materials, residues, work teams and workers' activities. Subsequently, the agents were assessed and the graphic representation of the risk map was developed. RESULTS: The presence of chemical, physical, biological and accidental risks and ergonomic inadequacies were observed. CONCLUSION: Biological and chemical agents were identified as the main risks in the work process. Furthermore, the necessity of refurbishment and additional investments in the purchase of individual and collective protection equipment was noticed. The adherence to biosecurity protocols and the introduction of continuing education programs are invaluable to reduce occupational and environmental hazards.

Características da exposição ocupacional a poeira sem marmorarias da cidade de São Paulo / Characteristics of occupational exposure to dust in the work environment of marble shops in the city of São Paulo

O estudo das características da exposição ocupacional a poeiras no beneficiamento de rochas ornamentais em marmorarias teve como base a aplicação das convenções adotadas pela American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), pela International Organization for Standardization (ISO) e pelo Comité Europeén de Normalisation (CEN) para a classificação de poeiras por faixa de tamanhos de partícula. Foram consideradas as relações entre as concentrações de poeira nos ambientes de trabalho, os tipos de rochas trabalhadas, as operações a úmido e a seco, as máquinas e as ferramentas utilizadas e os tamanhos das partículas suspensas no ar. Os ambientes de trabalho das marmorarias mostraram altas concentrações de poeira nas frações inalável, torácica e respirável, originadas pelas ferramentas utilizadas no setor de acabamento a seco. As concentrações de sílica chegaram a ser 16 vezes superiores ao valor do limite de exposição ocupacional de 0,05 mg/m3. A avaliação de uma marmoraria que adotou acabamento a úmido mostrou que a probabilidade das concentrações ambientais ultrapassarem os valores de referência ocupacionais pôde ser reduzida em até 99%.

This paper reports a study based on the application of conventions adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Comité Europeén de Normalisation (CEN) for the classification of types of dust by particle size range. The occupational exposure characterization took into account the relations among dust concentrations at workplace, types of rocks worked on, wet and dry operations, machinery and tools used, and the size distribution of particles suspended in the air. The workplaces at the marble shops were characterized by high concentrations of dust in inhalable, thoracic and respirable fractions, produced by the tools used in the dry abrasive polishing sector. The silica concentrations were up to 16 times higher than the 0.05 mg/m3 occupational exposure limit recommended. The evaluation of a marble shop that made use of the wet abrasive polishing process showed that the probability of environmental concentrations exceeding the occupational reference values could be reduced by up to 99%.