Lower risk of car crashes among older drivers compared with younger drivers: analysis of 10 years of data / Menor risco de acidentes de automóvel entre motoristas idosos comparado a jovens: resultado de um estudo de 10 anos

Objective: Traffic crashes are a significant cause of health expenditure, mainly considering disability and death. Driving skills are key when it comes to traffic crashes, and older drivers may be unfit to drive. The statistics of traffic crashes involving older drivers can contribute to planning actions that reduce accidents. This study aimed to present statistical data on traffic crashes among older adults in a Brazilian state. Methods: This is an epidemiological study performed with data from the Traffic Accident Information System of the Federal District Traffic Department, Brazil, ranging from 2008 to 2017 and comparing the incidence of injury crashes between older drivers and adult drivers. Results: Although the system recorded 60 705 drivers involved in injury crashes, a 24% reduction was seen in the overall crash incidence during the studied period (2008 ­ 2017); within the older drivers group, this reduction was two times smaller (12%). Despite the smaller drop in incidence, older car drivers presented around three times less risk of crashes when compared to adult drivers, along with a lower risk of accidents on urban, low-speed streets, and were mostly involved in collisions during the day. Conclusion: We found that the risk of older drivers being involved in injury crashes was three times smaller than that of adult drivers. The behavior of older drivers can influence the occurrence of accidents.

Objetivo: Os acidentes de trânsito são causa significativa de gasto em saúde com incapacidades e mortes. Habilidades de condução veicular são elementos-chave para a ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito, e o motorista idoso pode ser incapaz para dirigir. As estatísticas de acidentes de trânsito com motoristas idosos podem contribuir para o planejamento de ações que reduzam os acidentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar dados estatísticos sobre acidentes de trânsito entre idosos em um estado brasileiro. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico com dados do Sistema de Informações de Acidentes de Trânsito do Departamento de Trânsito do Distrito Federal, Brasil, no período de 2008 a 2017, comparando a incidência de acidentes com vitima entre motoristas de automóveis idosos e não idosos. Resultados: De 2008 a 2017, apesar de o sistema contabilizar 60 705 motoristas envolvidos em acidentes de automóveis com vítimas, houve uma redução de 24% na incidência geral nos anos avaliados, sendo essa redução duas vezes menor no grupo de motoristas idosos (12%). A despeito da menor queda na incidência, os motoristas idosos condutores de automóveis tiveram cerca de três vezes menos risco de acidentes comparados a motoristas não idosos; menor risco para acidentes em vias urbanas, as de velocidade mais baixa; e maior predominância de acidentes tipo colisão no período diurno. Conclusões: Encontrou-se risco três vezes menor de motoristas idosos se envolverem em acidentes de automóveis com vitima quando comparados a não idosos. O comportamento dos motoristas idosos pode influenciar na ocorrência de acidentes.

The effects of motor adaptation on ankle isokinetic assessments in older drivers

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to analyze the extent of motor adaptation in ankle plantar flexors and dorsiflexors among older drivers during clinical isokinetic testing. METHODS: One hundred older adults (70.4±5.7 years) participated in two bilateral ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor isokinetic assessments at 30°/sec. Peak torque (PTQ), PTQ adjusted for body weight (PTQ/BW), and total work (TW) were analyzed. RESULTS: On the dominant side, PTQ/BW and TW were significantly greater for the second plantar flexion test than were those for the first such test (p<0.001), whereas PTQ, PTQ/BW, and TW (p<0.001) were significantly greater for the second dorsiflexion test than were those for the first such test. On the non-dominant side, plantar flexion PTQ and TW were significantly lower for the second test than were those for the first test (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Older drivers demonstrated better performance with the dominant limb on the second test. The low variability in test execution showed the existence of a motor adaptation effect for the tested movements, despite the short recovery period between the assessments.

Conocimiento de las normas de tráfico en función de la edad y de la importancia para la seguridad vial / Knowledge of Traffic Rules According to the Age and the Importance for Road Safety

Un déficit en la memoria producido por la edad puede influir en el conocimiento de la normativa de tráfico. El presente estudio analiza las diferencias en el conocimiento de la normativa en función de la edad e importancia para la seguridad vial. Participaron 300 personas (18-75 años). Se elaboró un cuestionario de conocimiento sobre normativa de tráfico, según la importancia que desempeñan para la seguridad vial (poco importantes, importantes y muy importantes). En general, el conocimiento de los conductores sobre la normativa de tráfico fue pobre. Contrario a lo esperado, el rendimiento de los conductores mayores no siempre fue inferior al de los otros grupos de edad, presentando mejores resultados en preguntas poco importantes y muy importantes.

Age-associated memory impairment could worsen the knowledge of traffic rules. The present study analyses the differences in the knowledge of the traffic rules according to the age and the importance for road safety. 300 drivers participated (18-75 years-old). A questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge of the traffic rules according to the importance for road safety (less important, important, and more important questions). Generally, the knowledge of the traffic rules was poor among drivers of all ages. Older drivers' scores were not always lower than the younger and adult drivers. These results are a little surprising and not the outcome we originally predicted, they show the older drivers had far better results in the less important and more important questions.

Driving Status, Habits and Safety of Older Drivers

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the actual driving status and driving related safety issues of older drivers aged 65 years or older. METHOD: We conducted a survey on 56 elderly drivers about driving status, driving habits, safe driver self check list, and medical conditions that may affect safe driving. For comparison, 50 younger drivers aged between third and fifth decades were also surveyed. RESULTS: The mean age of total 56 elderly drivers was 69.96 years old. Their mean driving time in life was 23.6 years and the purposes of driving were shopping (23.2%), religion activity (21.4%) and leisure (16.1%). Most vehicles were equipped with automatic transmission (83.9%) and power steering (91.1%) and the most common type of vehicle was a sedan (82.1%). The incidence of their motor vehicle accidents in recent 2 years was 21.4%, which was higher than that of control group (18.0%) without statistical significance. The driving habits questionnaire revealed elderly drivers tend to avoid rush-hour traffic, driving at night, and high-traffic roads in 75.0%, 69.6%, 51.8% of subjects respectively. The result of safe driver self check list showed that mean demerit score of elderly drivers was 4.3, which was higher than that of younger drivers (3.2). Elderly drivers had hypertension (33.9%), diabetes mellitus (17.9%), eye disorders (8.9%), heart disease (8.9%), arthritis (8.9%), stroke (7.1%), and respiratory disease (5.4%). CONCLUSION: Compared to younger drivers, elderly drivers tend to avoid unsafe driving situations and reported more safety problems in the safe driver self check list. Elderly drivers also had more medical conditions that may affect safe driving, such as eye disorders, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.