The roles of miRNAs in human breast cancer and canine mammary tumor

MicroRNAs have become a hot topic in cancer research nowadays due to their important role not only on cancer development, progression, invasion but also on repression of cancer related genes. With advanced technologies, these microRNAs can easily be detected from biopsy samples and blood for early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Due to increasing demand of research in exploring expression profile of microRNAs with respect to different subtypes of breast cancer, this review aimed to provide an update on microRNA database available resources, canine breast cancer models, the role of microRNA as oncomir or oncosupressor, detection of microRNAs and potential of miRNAs for breast cancer treatment (AU)

Rol biológico y aplicaciones de los miRNAs en cáncer de seno / Biological role and applications of miRNAs in breast cancer

Los miRNAs son pequeños RNAs que participan en diversos procesos de regulación génica, mediante ribointerferencia y juegan un papel clave en diversos procesos biológicos, tales como proliferación celular, diferenciación y apoptosis. En consecuencia, la expresión alterada de miRNAs contribuye a la enfermedad humana, incluyendo cáncer. En esta revisión, nos centraremos en los recientes hallazgos de miRNAs que inciden en el desarrollo de cáncer y particularmente en cáncer de seno, simultáneamente evaluaremos sus mecanismos de regulación, su clasificación, su uso como marcadores de invasión tumoral, de sensibilidad a fármacos y adicionalmente exploraremos la utilidad de los miRNAs en el diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento individualizo. Finalmente encontramos que los miRNAs representan una gran alternativa para entender las bases moleculares de los procesos tumorales implícitos en cáncer de seno y una vez se conozcan todas sus dianas, será posible dilucidar al menos en parte este proceso complejo y multigénico, ayudado mediante herramientas como la generación de bases de datos, para reportan la expresión diferencial de miRNAs, elementos que nos permitirá realizar medicina preventiva y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias.

MiRNAs are small RNAs that are involved in various processes of gene regulation by RNAi and play a key role in various biological, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis processes. Consequently, the altered expression of miRNAs contribute to human disease, including cancer. In this review, we will focus on the recent findings of miRNAs that affect the development of cancer, particularly breast cancer, simultaneously evaluate their regulatory mechanisms , their classification , their use as markers of tumor invasion, drug susceptibility and further explore the utility of miRNAs in the diagnosis, monitoring and individualize treatment. Finally found that miRNAs represent a great alternative for understanding the molecular basis of implicit tumor processes in breast cancer and once all targets are known, it will be possible to elucidate at least in part this complex and multigenic process, aided by tools such as generation of databases, to report the differential expression of miRNAs, elements that allow us to preventive medicine and improve the quality of life of patients and their families.