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1.
Invest. clín ; 57(1): 47-58, mar. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-841098

RESUMO

Las micosis superficiales son muy comunes y por ello son motivo de consulta médica frecuente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la frecuencia de diagnóstico de las micosis superficiales en el Departamento de Micología del Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel” en Caracas, Venezuela, durante 14 años (2001-2014). Se realizó un estudio transversal y retrospectivo de revisión de historias micológicas de pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de micosis superficial. Las muestras procesadas fueron uñas, pelos y escamas epidérmicas. La identificación de los hongos se realizó mediante observación macro y microscópica de las colonias y pruebas de identificación bioquímicas y fisiológicas, según requerimiento del agente aislado. Para la investigación de Malassezia spp. solo se realizó examen directo. De las 3228 muestras procesadas, 1098 (34%) resultaron positivas y su distribución según el agente etiológico fue: 79,5% dermatofitos; 10,9% levaduras; 5,1% hongos no dermatofitos y 4,5% Malassezia spp. El dermatofito más aislado fue el Complejo Trichophyton rubrum (70,1%), seguido del Complejo T. mentagrophytes (15,1%), Microsporum canis (9,4%) y Epidermophyton floccosum (4%). Las tiñas más frecuentes fueron: Tinea unguium (66,8%), seguida de Tinea pedis (16,4%) y Tinea capitis (8,1%). En el grupo de levaduras el Complejo Candida parapsilosis (37,5%) fue el más aislado y entre los hongos no dermatofitos el más frecuente fue Fusarium spp. (53,6%), seguido de Aspergillus spp. (19,6%) y Acremonium spp. (10,7%). La identificación del agente etiológico es fundamental para orientar un tratamiento adecuado. Esta casuística constituye un aporte importante para el conocimiento de la epidemiología de las micosis superficiales en nuestro país.


The superficial mycoses are very common infectious diseases and therefore are a frequent reason for medical consultation. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic frequency of superficial mycoses in the Mycology Department of the Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel” during 14 years (2001-2014). A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to review the mycological records of patients with presumptive diagnosis of superficial mycosis. Nails, hairs and epidermal scales were the processed samples. The identification of fungi was performed by macro and microscopic observation of colonies and biochemical and physiological tests, as required of the isolated agent. For the investigation of Malassezia spp. only direct examination was performed. Of the 3 228 samples processed, 1 098 (34%) were positive and their distribution according to the etiological agent was: dermatophytes 79.5%; 10.9% yeasts; non-dermatophytes fungi 5.1% and 4.5% Malassezia spp. The most frequently isolated dermatophyte was Trichophyton rubrum Complex (70.1%), followed by T. mentagrophytes complex (15.1%), Microsporum canis (9.4%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (4%). The most frequent ringworms were: Tinea unguium (66.8%), followed by Tinea pedis (16.4%) and Tinea capitis (8.1%). Candida parapsilosis complex (37.5%) was the most frequently isolated yeast and Fusarium spp. (53.6%) was the most isolated among non-dermatophyte fungi, followed by Aspergillus spp. (19.6%) and Acremonium spp. (10.7%). The identification of the etiological agent is essential to guide appropriate treatment. This study constitutes an important contribution to the knowledge of the epidemiology of superficial mycoses in our country.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Fatores de Tempo , Venezuela , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Departamentos Hospitalares , Micologia
2.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 75(2): 167-172, abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-717345

RESUMO

Objetivos: Determinar la evolución epidemiológica de las dermatomicosis en pacientes de consultorio externo durante el periodo 1976-2005. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y analítico. Lugar: Instituto de Medicina Tropical æDaniel Alcides CarriónÆ, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Pacientes positivos a dermatomicosis. Intervenciones: Se revisó las historias clínicas de 7 185 (55,3 por ciento) casos positivos a dermatomicosis. El instrumento de investigación empleado fue la ficha de levantamiento de información. Principales medidas de resultados: Agente etiológico, estación del año, sexo, edad y forma clínica. Resultados: El estudio demostró que los más afectados fueron del grupo etario de 16 a 30 años (42,7 por ciento) y sexo femenino (52,1 por ciento). La dermatomicosis más frecuente fue la onicomicosis (43,6 por ciento). Los agentes patógenos de mayor prevalencia fueron Trichophyton rubrum (33,2 por ciento), Cándida albicans (15,3 por ciento), Cándida no albicans (11,8 por ciento), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9,4 por ciento), Malassezia spp (9,1 por ciento) y las infecciones mixtas (7,2 por ciento). Las micosis de cuero cabelludo muestran continuo aumento durante todo el estudio. El dermatofito Epidermophyton floccosum fue aislado por última vez en la década del 90. A partir de 1995 ha aumentado la prevalencia de Cándida no albicans y se encontró como especie re-emergente a la levadura Cándida tropicalis. Conclusiones: Entre los años 1976 y 2005 hubo importantes variaciones epidemiológicas en relación a las formas clínicas y a la etiología de las dermatomicosis...


Objectives: To determine dermatomycoses epidemiological evolution in outpatients during the period 1976-2005. Design: Descriptive, retrospective, and analytical study. Setting: Daniel Alcides Carrion Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Patients positive to dermatomycoses. Interventions: Medical records of 7 185 (55.3 per cent) dermatomycoses-positive patients were reviewed. Main outcome measures: Etiologic agent, season, gender, age, and clinical forms. Results: Females (52.1 per cent) and the 16 to 30 year-old group (42.7 per cent) were the most affected. Most frequent dermatomycoses was onychomycosis (43.6 per cent). Most prevalent pathogens were Trichophyton rubrum (33.2 per cent), Candida albicans (15.3 per cent), Candida non albicans (11.8 per cent), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9.4 per cent), Malassezia spp. (9.1 per cent), and mixed infections (7.2 per cent). The fungal scalp infection showed steady increase during the period studied. Epidermophyton floccosum dermatophyte was isolated for the last time in the 1990s. Since 1995 prevalence of Candida non albicans has increased and Candida tropicalis yeast species are re-emerging. Conclusions: Epidemiological changes in dermatomycoses clinical forms and etiology were found between 1976 and 2005...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/etiologia , Evolução Clínica , Infecções Bacterianas/complicações , Onicomicose , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 44(1): 0-0, mar. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-639713

RESUMO

Desde marzo de 2007 hasta marzo de 2011 se estudiaron prospectivamente 414 pacientes con onicodistrofias en un laboratorio privado de Esquel. La prevalencia de onicomicosis de pie fue del 78 %; la de mano, del 58 %. Los principales agentes etiológicos fueron Trichophyton rubrum, Candida spp. y Trichophyton mentagrophytes. El desarrollo de dermatofitos prevaleció en las onicopatías de pie y el de Candida spp. en las de uñas de mano (ambos, p < 0,05). En las onicomicosis candidiásicas predominaron especies diferentes a Candida albicans. Las onicomicosis fueron más frecuentes en los hombres que en las mujeres. A su vez, en los hombres hubo más aislamientos de T. rubrum en pies (p < 0,05) y mayor proporción de exámenes directos (ED) y cultivos positivos (ambos, p < 0,05). La correlación entre los resultados del ED y del cultivo fue del 68 %. El rédito de ambos métodos se asoció a un mayor tamaño de la lesión ungueal. El ED fue más efectivo en onicodistrofias que superaban los 5 años de evolución. La positividad del cultivo fue independiente de la cronicidad de la onicodistrofia.


Since March 2007 to March 2011, 414 patients with onychopathies were prospectively analyzed. Prevalence of the toenail and fingernail mycoses was 78 % and 58 %, respectively. The major etiological agents were Trichophyton rubrum, Candida spp. and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Dermatophytes were more frequently cultured from toenails, whereas Candida spp. from fingernails (both, p < 0.05). In candidal onychomycosis, species different from C. albicans were prevalent. A higher prevalence of toenail and fingernail mycoses, a predominance of T. rubrum in toenails (p < 0.05), and greater positivity in the direct examination (DE) and in culture (both, p < 0.05) were more frequently observed in men than in women. The correlation between DE and culture was 68 %. DE and culture yields were associated with a greater size lesion. DE was more effective in onycodystrophies with duration of more than 5 years. Culture positivity was independent of nail affection chronicity.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Micologia/métodos , Onicomicose , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Candida/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase Cutânea/diagnóstico , Candidíase Cutânea/epidemiologia , Candidíase Cutânea/microbiologia , Dedos/microbiologia , Onicomicose/diagnóstico , Onicomicose/epidemiologia , Onicomicose/microbiologia , Exame Físico , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Dedos do Pé/microbiologia , Trichophyton/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação
4.
Annals of Dermatology ; : 459-463, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-176586

RESUMO

Onychomycosis is usually caused by dermatophytes, but some species of nondermatophytic molds and yeasts are also associated with nail invasion. Aspergillus niger is a nondermatophytic mold which exists as an opportunistic filamentous fungus in all environments. Here, we report a case of onychomycosis caused by A. niger in a 66-year-old female. The patient presented with a black discoloration and a milky white base and onycholysis on the proximal portion of the right thumb nail. Direct microscopic examination of scrapings after potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation revealed dichotomous septate hyphae. Repeated cultures on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) without cycloheximide produced the same black velvety colonies. No colony growth occurred on SDA with cycloheximide slants. Biseriate phialides covering the entire vesicle with radiate conidial heads were observed on the slide culture. The DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of the clinical sample was a 100% match to that of A. niger strain ATCC 16888 (GenBank accession number AY373852). A. niger was confirmed by KOH mount, colony identification, light microscopic morphology, and DNA sequence analysis. The patient was treated orally with 250 mg terbinafine daily and topical amorolfine 5% nail lacquer for 3 months. As a result, the patient was completely cured clinically and mycologically.


Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Ágar , Arthrodermataceae , Aspergillus , Aspergillus niger , Sequência de Bases , Cicloeximida , Fungos , Glucose , Cabeça , Hidróxidos , Hifas , Laca , Luz , Morfolinas , Unhas , Naftalenos , Níger , Onicólise , Onicomicose , Potássio , Compostos de Potássio , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Entorses e Distensões , Polegar , Leveduras
5.
Infectio ; 15(3): 168-176, sep. 2011. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635690

RESUMO

Objetivo. Establecer las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y microbiológicas de la onicomicosis en pacientes mayores de 16 años de Manizales. Método. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo de 232 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de onicomicosis, remitidos de los diferentes centros de atención de Manizales en el año 2009. Se recolectaron las muestras y se hizo examen directo en KOH al 20 % y en dimetil-sulfóxido al 36 %, cultivo en agar Sabouraud y agar Sabouraud con antibióticos, en todos los casos. Se identificaron los 146 aislamientos obtenidos con métodos específicos para dermatofitos, levaduras y mohos. Resultados. La presentación más frecuente fue la forma distal de la enfermedad, la cual se asoció con mayor frecuencia a calzado oclusivo y predominio del sexo femenino; el número de casos de lesiones ungulares indicativas de onicomicosis fue menor en mayores de 70 años de edad; los agentes más frecuentemente aislados fueron Trichophyton rubrum (26,7 %), Fusarium spp. (14,4 %), T. mentagrophytes (11 %), Candida tropicalis (11 %), Candida krusei (6 %) y Geotrichum candidum (6 %). Conclusiones. La onicomicosis es más frecuente en las mujeres de Manizales. Hay una alta frecuencia de aislamientos de hongos no dermatofitos. Trichophyton rubrum fue el hongo dermatofito más frecuentemente aislado. La frecuencia de personas con examen directo o cultivo positivo es mayor de 70 % en todos los grupos de edad, y la edad no se encontró como un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad.


Introduction: Onychomycosis is the leading cause of nail disease and represents 30% of superficial fungal infections. The fungi that cause the condition vary according to geographic location and individual risk factors. Even with the identification of the causative agent, the treatment failure rate is high. Objective: To establish the clinical, epidemiological and microbiological causes of onychomycosis in patients over 16 years old in the city of Manizales. Materials and methods: A prospective descriptive study in 232 patients with clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis sent from different medical centers of Manizales in 2009. A sample collection, direct examination with KOH 20% and dimethyl sulfoxide 36%, culture in Saboreaud agar with antibiotics in all cases were performed. Identification was done for the 146 obtained isolates with specific methods for dermatophytes, yeasts and molds. Results: The most common presentation of the disease was the distal; the disease is more commonly associated with occlusive footwear, for females. The clinical manifestations was the type subungual distal in patients over 70 years old; the most frequently isolated agents were Trichophyton rubrum (26.7%), Fusarium spp (14.4%), T. mentagrophytes (11%), Candida tropicalis (11%), Candida krusei (6%) and Geotrichum candidum (6%). Conclusions: There was a female predominance of onychomycosis in Manizales and a the high frequency of non-dermatophyte fungi; T. rubrum was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte; the frequency of patients with KOH or positive culture is higher than 70% in all age groups. It was found that age is not a risk factor for the disease.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Onicomicose , Arthrodermataceae , Laboratórios , Doenças da Unha , Trichophyton , Dimetil Sulfóxido , Falha de Tratamento , Onicomicose/microbiologia , Candida tropicalis , Seleção de Sítio de Tratamento de Resíduos , Fungos , Antibacterianos , Micoses
6.
Dermatol. argent ; 12(3): 205-212, jul.-sept. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-562696

RESUMO

Introducción. Las onicomicosis representan el 50% de las patologías ungueales, su incidencia se calcula en el 4% de la población mundial y es aún más elevada en las personas mayores de 50 años. Son causadas por tres grupos de hongos: dermatofitos, levaduras y hongos miceliales no dermatofitos (HFND). Objetivos. El objetivo es dar a conocer los resultados de exámenes micológicos de uñas en una muestra significativa de una parte de la población de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, donde se consignan además las características clínicas de las lesiones observadas, los agentes causales, los factores predisponentes y los principales diagnósticos diferenciales. Resultados. Se estudiaron 1753 lesiones en los pies y 353 onicodistrofias de manos. En las manos la alteración ungueal más frecuente fue la onicolisis (75%); en los pies, las más comunes fueron onicolisis (42%) y compromiso distal subungueal (37,7%). El 50,3% de los exámenes micológicos fue negativo. La correlación entre los exámenes microscópicos directos y los cultivos fue de 79,3%; el 31% de los exámenes directos evidenciaron dermatofitos o hifas hialinas que tuvieron cultivos negativos. Los aislamientos más frecuentes fueron: Trichophyton rubrum (419), Candida spp (140), HFND (94: Acremonium spp y Fusarium spp fueron responsables del 70%) y Trichophyton mentagrophytes (50). Conclusiones. La mitad de los exámenes micológicos de uñas fueron negativos. La mayor parte de las onicomicosis de los pies fue ocasionada por T. rubrum, en tanto que en las manos predominó Candida sp. El papel desempeñado por Candida y los HFND en la producción de onicodistrofias no es claro. No hubo ninguna lesión patognomónica de onicomicosis


Introduction. Approximately 50% of nail diseases are fungal infections, its incidence is 4% of human population and it is higher in persons older than 50 years old. Onychomycoses are caused by three groups of fungi: Dermatophytes, yeasts and nondermatophytes mycelial fungi (NDMF). Objectives. To report the results of mycological examinations of the nails of a representative sample of Buenos Aires city population; etiologic agents, clinical characteristics, risk factors and differential diagnosis were considered. Results. 1753 toenails studies and 353 fingernails examinations were performed. Onycholysis was the most frequent fingernail alteration, 75% of the cases, while onycholysis 42% and distal or lateral subungueal dystrophies were the most common lesions in the toenails. Negative mycological studies were detected in 50,3% of the studies and in 79,3% of the exams, the microscopicobservation agreed with the cultures results; 31% of the cases which presented dermatophytes or hyaline hyphae in the direct microscopic study, did not show any fungal growth in cultures. The fungal species more frequently identified were Trichophytonrubrum 419 cases, Candida spp 140, NDMF 94 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 50 patients. Acremonium spp and Fusariumspp were the etiologic agents of 70% of onychomycoses due to NDMF.Conclusions. 50% of mycologic studies were negative. The majority of toenails onychomycoses was due to T. rubrum and the most frequent etiologic agent of fingernails onychomycosis was Candida sp. The role of Candida sp and NDMF in the production of onychodistrophies is not clear. There was not any typical nail alteration of onychomycosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Onicomicose/diagnóstico , Onicomicose/microbiologia , Onicomicose/patologia , Candida , Fusarium , Fungos Mitospóricos , Unhas/patologia
7.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 27(2): 177-182, jul.-dez. 2005. graf, tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-485535

RESUMO

Onicomicoses são infecções fúngicas que atingem as unhas e acometem cerca de 30% da população. Recentemente tem sido relatado aumento dessas infecções e também alterações em sua etiologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a freqüência das onicomicoses e perfil dos pacientes acometidos em Maringá, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Entre janeiro de 1999 a junho de 2003 foram analisadas, no Laboratório de Micologia do Lepac (Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, um total de 435 amostras de pacientes com suspeita clínica de onicomicose. Destas amostras 74,25% (N = 323) foram positivas, sendo 15,48% confirmadas por exame direto (N=50), 20,43% exclusivamente por cultura (N=66) e 64,09% por exame direto e cultura (N=207). As mulheres foram mais afetadas que os homens (72,67% e 27,33%), respectivamente, e a maior prevalência foi em indivíduos com mais de 40 anos. As unhas dos pés foram mais acometidas que as unhas das mãos (65,90% e 34,10%), respectivamente. Os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes foram as leveduras (52,17%) isoladas especialmente das unhas das mãos. Os fungos filamentosos foram prevalentes nas unhas dos pés, destacando-se...


Onychomycosis are fungal infections that reach the nails and affect about 30% of the population. Recently has been observed increase of these infections and also alterations in its etiology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of these mycosis and profile of the patients attacked in Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. Between January 1999 to June 2003 were analyzed at the Mycological Laboratory from the Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses (Lepac) a total of 435 samples of patients with clinical symptoms of onychomycoses. Of those samples 74,25% (N=323), were positive, being 15,48% confirmed by direct examination (N=50), 20,43% by culture exclusively (N=66) and 64,09% by direct examination plus culture (N=207). Females were more affected than males (72,67% and 28,33%) respectively and the higher prevalence was in patients more than 40 years old. Toenails were more frequently infected than fingernails (65,90% and 34,10%) respectively. Yeasts were isolated in 52,17% of nail samples analysed, specially from finger nails. Filamentous fungi were isolated mainly from toenails. The dermatophytes and Non-dermatophytes filamentous fungi (NDFF) were responsible for 33,85% and 13,97% of cases respectively.


Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae , Onicomicose , Leveduras
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