RESUMO
Antecedentes: La retroperitonitis es una rara y severa complicación de la apendicitis. Hasta el presente solo unos pocos reportes de casos han sido publicados en la literatura inglesa. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar una serie consecutiva de 11 casos tratados en nuestra institución. Materiales y Método: Análisis retrospectivo de una base de datos recolectada en forma prospectiva de todos los pacientes admitidos por retroperitonitis de origen apendicular durante el período marzo 2017-septiembre 2020. Se analizarán las variables asociadas con esta complicación y su manejo. Resultados: 11 pacientes de un total de 601 con diagnóstico de apendicitis presentaron una retroperitonitis durante el período analizado (1,83%). El retardo en el diagnóstico fue en promedio de 8 días (rango 3 - 14 días). Todos los pacientes tuvieron un apéndice retrocecal y 81% presentaron un coprolito asociado. 45% fueron manejados inicialmente con abdomen abierto y contenido, y 55% con cierre fascial primario (50% de fracaso). La morbilidad y mortalidad fueron del 81% y 18%, respectivamente Discusión: La localización retrocecal del apéndice, la presencia de un coprolito y la presentación atípica, con demora en el diagnóstico, fueron factores comunes presentes en nuestra experiencia. El manejo con cierre fascial primario fracasó en la mitad de los casos. La morbimortalidad fue elevada. Conclusión: La retroperitonitis es una infrecuente pero severa complicación de la apendicitis, con elevada morbimortalidad.
Background: Retroperitonitis is a rare and life-threatening complication of appendicitis. So far, only a few cases have been described so far in the English literature. Aim: The objetive of this paper is to analyze a consecutive series of 11 patients treated at our institution. Materials and Method: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of all patients admitted for appendicular retroperitonitis during the period March 2017-September 2020. The variables associated with this complication and its management are analyzed. Results: 11 patients from 601 with a diagnosis of appendicitis presented with retroperitonitis during the study period (1.83%). Mean delay in diagnosis was 8 days (range 3-14 days). The location of the appendix was retrocecal in all cases and 81% had an appendicolith associated. 45% were initially managed with open abdomen. A 50% failure rate occurred after primary fascial closure. Morbidity and mortality rates were 81% and 18%, respectively. Discussion: Retrocecal location of the appendix, the presence of an appendicolith and atypical presentation with delayed diagnosis were common factors present in our experience. Primary fascial closure was associated with a 50% failure rate. Morbidity and mortality were high. Conclusion: Retroperitonitis is a rare but severe complication of appendicitis, with high morbidity and mortality rates.
RESUMO
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic influencing factors of open abdomen technique for acute pancreatitis with abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 186 patients of acute pancreatitis with ACS who were admitted to 6 hospitals, including 65 cases in the 910th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People′s Liberation Army, 46 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 33 cases in the Fujian Provincial Hospital, 31 cases in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 7 cases in the People′s Hospital Affiliated to Quanzhou Medical College, 4 cases in the Shishi General Hospital, from January 2013 to December 2020 were collected. There were 142 males and 44 females, aged (43±8)years. Observation indica-tors: (1) patients conditions after being treatment with open abdomen technique; (2) analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with different treatment outcomes; (3) changing trend of the volume of urine output, levels of lactic acid, levels of enteral nutrient intake and the sequential organ failure score in patients with different treatment outcomes; (4) influencing factors for prognosis of patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and compari-son between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or the continuity correction chi-square test. Repeated measurement data were analyzed using the repeated ANOVA. Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analyses. The COX regression model was used for univariate analysis and COX regression model with forward regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results:(1) Patients conditions after being treatment with open abdomen technique. Intra-abdominal pressure, oxygena-tion index, levels of lactic acid and sequential organ failure score of the 186 patients were (23.3±1.9)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (121±24)mmHg, (5.0±3.4)mmol/L and 10.4±3.6 before the treatment with open abdomen technique and (11.2±2.9)mmHg, (222±38)mmHg, (3.2±2.1)mmol/L and 4.4±2.3 at postoperative 168 hours, showing significant differences in time effects before and after the treatment ( Ftime=855.26,208.50, 174.91,208.47, P<0.05). (2) Analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with different treatment outcomes. Of the 186 patients, 166 cases survived and were discharged, and 20 cases died during hospitalization. Age, sequential organ failure score, duration of ACS and levels of lactic acid during hospitalization before the treatment with open abdomen technique were (41±7)years, 9.4±3.4, 13(10,21)hours and (4.2±0.6)mmol/L in surviving patients, versus (45±6)years, 11.5±2.4, 65(39,84)hours and (5.2±0.5)mmol/L in dead patients, respectively, showing significant differences between them ( t=-2.10, -2.71, Z=-5.36, t=-7.16, P<0.05). Duration of postoperative acute gastro-intestinal injury, duration of continuous renal replacement therapy, time to liberation from mech-anical ventilation, duration of vasoactive drugs therapy, cases undergoing early abdominal closure, cases without intestinal fistula or with postoperative high-order intestinal fistula and low-order intestinal fistula during hospitalization after the treatment with open abdomen technique were 4(2,6)days, 4(3,7)days, 34(21,41)days, 3(2,6)days, 126, 131, 23, 12 in surviving patients, versus 13(10,17)days, 10(8,18)days, 0(0,3)days, 8(6,12)days, 1, 2, 15, 3 in dead patients, respectively, showing significant differences between them ( Z=-5.60, -3.75, -3.64, -3.06, χ2=41.43, 45.86, P<0.05). (3) Changing trend of the volume of urine output, levels of lactic acid, levels of enteral nutrient intake and the sequential organ failure score in patients with different treatment outcomes. The volume of urine output, levels of lactic acid, levels of enteral nutrient intake and the sequential organ failure score in surviving patients during hospitalization were (0.29±0.10)mL/(kg·h), (4.2±0.6)mmol/L, 0.0 kcal/(kg·d) and 9.4±3.4 before the treatment with open abdomen technique and (2.22±0.15)mL/(kg·h), (1.9±0.7)mmol/L, (20.7±2.9)kcal/(kg·d) and 3.7±2.2 at postoperative 168 hours. The above indicators in dead patients during hospitalization were (0.28±0.08)mL/(kg·h), (5.2±0.5)mmol/L, 0.0kcal/(kg·d) and 11.5±2.4 before the treatment with open abdomen technique and (0.28±0.09)mL/(kg·h), (7.7±0.8)mmol/L, (4.6±1.8)kcal/(kg·d) and 12.4±2.1 at postoperative 168 hours. There were significant differences in time effects in the above indicators in surviving patients and dead patients before and after the treatment with open abdomen technique ( Ftime=425.57, 188.59, 394.84, 37.52, P<0.05). There were interactive effects between the above indicators and the treatment outcome at different time points ( Finteraction=383.14, 233.04, 169.83, 36.61, P<0.05). There were signifi-cant differences in the change trends of the above indicators between the surviving patients and the dead patients during hospitalization ( Fgouprs=2 739.56, 877.98, 542.05, 240.85, P<0.05). (4) Influen-cing factors for prognosis of patients. Results of univariate analysis showed that age, sequential organ failure score, duration of ACS before surgery, procalcitonin, lactic acid, postoperative high-order intestinal fistula, abdominal hemorrhage, duration of postoperative acute gastrointestinal injury, duration of continuous renal replacement therapy, duration of vasoactive drugs therapy, early abdominal closure were related factors influencing prognosis of patients under-going treatment with open abdomen technique ( hazard ratio=1.07, 1.18, 1.39, 1.16, 8.25, 12.26, 2.83, 1.29, 1.56, 1.41, 0.02, 95% confidence interval as 1.00-1.15, 1.45-2.27, 1.22-1.57, 1.02-1.32, 1.75-38.90, 7.37-41.23, 1.16-6.93, 1.22-1.37, 1.23-1.99, 1.08-1.84, 0.00-0.16, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that extended duration of ACS before surgery, postoperative high-order intestinal fistula and extended duration of postoperative acute gastrointestinal injury were independent risk factors influencing prognosis of patients undergoing treatment with open abdomen technique ( hazard ratio=1.05, 7.95, 1.17, 95% confidence interval as 1.01-1.32, 2.05-30.87, 1.13-1.95, P<0.05) and early abdominal closure was an independent protective factor ( hazard ratio=0.10, 95% confidence interval as 0.01-0.89, P<0.05). Results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that duration of ACS was positively correlated with sequential organ failure score before surgery ( r=0.71, P<0.05). Conclusions:Open abdomen technique is effective for acute pancreatitis with ACS. Extended duration of ACS before surgery, postoperative high-order intestinal fistula and extended duration of postoperative acute gastrointestinal injury are independent risk factors for prognosis of patients during hospitalization and early abdominal closure is an independent protective factor.
RESUMO
Introducción: persisten las discrepancias sobre la reintervención quirúrgica o relaparotomías en pacientes con peritonitis. Objetivo: Caracterizar las relaparotomías en pacientes con peritonitis ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Enrique Cabrera". Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de los pacientes relaparotomizados por diagnóstico de peritonitis ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General "Enrique Cabrera" desde el 2006 al 2010. Se analizaron variables como tipo de relaparotomía, diagnóstico preoperatorio, indicaciones y complicaciones. La información se obtuvo de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Resultados: se relaparotomizaron 44 pacientes, 27 relaparotomías a demanda (RD), 15 relaparotomías programadas (RP) y 2, por técnica abdomen abierto (AA). 45,5% de los pacientes fueron por síndromes peritoneales y de ellos los perforativos los más frecuentes. Las principales indicaciones fueron por peritonitis fecaloidea, abscesos intrabdominales y peritonitis fibrinopurulenta. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron shock séptico e infección del sitio quirúrgico. Las complicaciones más graves se presentaron en la RD. Conclusiones: las relaparotomías se realizan fundamentalmente por peritonitis fecaloidea o fibrinopurulenta constatándose que las complicaciones más graves fueron más frecuentes en las relaparotomías a demanda.
Introducción: discrepancies about surgical reinterventions in patients with peritonitis still persist at present. Objective: characterize the relaparatomy in a patient who entered with peritonitis in the intensive care unit at "Enrique Cabrera" Hospital. Material and Methods: it was carried out a retrospective and descriptive study in patients who were practice a second laparatomy for peritonitis from January 2006 to December 2010. Some variables were analyzed such as: type of relaparatomy performed, indications and complications. Information was taken from the clinical records of the patients. Results: from a total of 44 patients who were relaparatomied 27 of them demanded laparatomies (RD)15 programmed relaparatomies and 2 open abdomen techniques. The principal indications of relaparatomy were: fecal peritonitis, intraabdominal abscesses and fibrinopurulent peritonitis. The most frequent complications were septic shock and infection of the surgical place. Conclusions: relaparatomy is usually carried out for fecal and fibrinopurulent peritonitis. Relaparatomy was frequently demanded arising serious complications.