A sampling survey of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch in people aged 35-74 in Guangdong Province (2015-2016) / 口腔疾病防治

Obiective@#To investigate the current status of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch of people aged 35⁃44, 55⁃64 and 65⁃ 74 in Guangdong province.@*Methods@#An equal⁃ sized stratified multi⁃stage randomly sampling design was applied to select a total of 288 Guangdong residents in urban and rural areas, and the subjects were between the age of 35⁃44, 55⁃64 and 65⁃74, with a gender ratio of half to half. The status of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch were assessed according to the Guideline for the 4th National Oral Health Survey. @*Results@#88.89% subjects in the 35⁃44 year group had more than 28 teeth and 100% subjects had more than 20 teeth, with an average of 29.88 teeth remaining and no edentulous jaw. The average remaining teeth was 26.06 in the group of 55 ⁃ 64 year, with 87.50% subjects having more than 20 teeth, 59.03% subjects having 28 or more teeth, 4.16% subjects having single edentulous jaw arch, and 1.04% subjects having both edentulous jaw arch. 73.96% and 35.07% subjects in the group of 65⁃74 year had 20 above or 28 above remaining teeth, respectively, and the average teeth was 22.94. There were 8.34% subjects having single edentulous jaw arch and 1.39% subjects having both edentulous jaws. In the 35⁃44 and 65⁃74 year group, the prevalence of missing teeth in the female was significantly higher than the male (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between urban and rural areas (P > 0.05). More remaining teeth were noticed in current survey (2015) when compared to the data in 2005 (P < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#The 35⁃44 year people have few lost teeth, and over half of the elderly people have several lost teeth. Elderly people with edentulous arch are very few.

A sampling survey of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in Guangdong Province (2015-2016) / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the current status of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in the 12- to 74-year old population in Guangdong Province with the aim of providing information to support oral health care.@*Methods @# A stratified, multistage, random sampling design was used to obtain 7 provincially representative sample groups consisting of 8, 544 Guangdong residents aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old with a 50/50 gender ratio. The status of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in the whole mouth was assessed according to the Guidelines of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey using a CPI probe. The resulting data were analyzed using the SAS9.2 package. @*Results @#The prevalence of gingival bleeding in residents aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old was 43.75%, 42.76%, 49.06%, 39.38%, 81.94%, 90.97%, and 84.03%, respectively, while the average number of teeth with gingival bleeding per person was 1.95, 2.07, 2.59, 2.39, 9.62, 10.36, and 9.98, respectively. In the 12-, 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old groups, peak prevalence was observed at age 14 (P < 0.05). In the 35-74-year-old group, the prevalence and mean number of teeth with gingival bleeding per person increased with age, and both parameters reached a peak in the 55-64-year-old group. The prevalence of dental calculus in the 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, 35-44-, 55-64- and 65-74-year-old group was 40.57%, 41.09%, 45.05%, 54.84%, 98.96%, 97.22%, and 92.01%, respectively, and on average, each person had 1.61, 1.71, 2.14, 3.52, 20.30, 20.55, and 17.26 teeth, respectively, with dental calculus. The prevalence and mean number of teeth with dental calculus increased with age. In the 35- to 74- year-old group, the prevalence of dental calculus was higher in urban areas than in rural areas and the mean number of teeth with dental calculus was higher in males than in females. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in the prevalence or the mean number of teeth with dental calculus or gingival bleeding between urban and rural areas or between males and females. @*Conclusion @#There is a high prevalence of both gingival bleeding and dental calculus in all 7 age groups in Guangdong, indicating that poor oral hygiene and gingival inflammation are common in Guangdong Province.

A sampling survey of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch in people aged 35-74 in Guangdong Province (2015-2016) / 口腔疾病防治

@#Obiective To investigate the current status of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch of people aged 35-44, 55-64 and 65- 74 in Guangdong province. Methods An equal- sized stratified multi-stage randomly sampling design was applied to select a total of 288 Guangdong residents in urban and rural areas, and the subjects were between the age of 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74, with a gender ratio of half to half. The status of remaining teeth and edentulous jaw arch were assessed according to the Guideline for the 4th National Oral Health Survey. Results 88.89% subjects in the 35-44 year group had more than 28 teeth and 100% subjects had more than 20 teeth, with an average of 29.88 teeth remaining and no edentulous jaw. The average remaining teeth was 26.06 in the group of 55-64 year, with 87.50% subjects having more than 20 teeth, 59.03% subjects having 28 or more teeth, 4.16% subjects having single edentulous jaw arch, and 1.04% subjects having both edentulous jaw arch. 73.96% and 35.07% subjects in the group of 65-74 year had 20 above or 28 above remaining teeth, respectively, and the average teeth was 22.94. There were 8.34% subjects having single edentulous jaw arch and 1.39% subjects having both edentulous jaws. In the 35-44 and 65-74 year group, the prevalence of missing teeth in the female was significantly higher than the male (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between urban and rural areas (P > 0.05). More remaining teeth were noticed in current survey (2015) when compared to the data in 2005 (P < 0.05). Conclusion The 35-44 year people have few lost teeth, and over half of the elderly people have several lost teeth. Elderly people with edentulous arch are very few.

An Investigation on Oral Health Status of 480 Lahu People in Lincang, Yunnan / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To provide guidance for oral health prevention by investigating oral health status of 480 Lahu people.Methods Oral health status of 480 Lahu people were investigated by trained dental therapists using standard diagnostic criteria and record.Participants were divided into 4 groups according to their age.Results The Lahu People in Linxiang county suffered from severe dental caries and periodontal disease.The caries prevalence rate among children of 5 years old was 78.3％.The rate of calculus among the children of 12 years old was 75％.The prevalence rates of caries and periodontal pockets were 91.7％ and 43.3％ among the adults between 35 and 44 years old.The above data were significantly higher than the results of the Third National Oral Health Survey.The rates of gingival bleeding and periodontal pocket were 51.7％ and 49.2％ among the aged from 65 to 74 years old,which were lower than that of the Third National Oral Health Survey.Among the participants,76％ never brushed teeth and 85％ brushed teeth only once a day in people who brushed teeth regularly.Conclusion Poor status and maintenance of oral health in the Lahu People suggest that education and resources for oral health should be invested.

Dental health capacity of the first permanent molars among children and adolescents in Korea for the year 2010 / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the dental health capacity of the first permanent molars among children and adolescents in Korea and to assess its related factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from the Korea National Oral Health Survey (2006 and 2010). The subjects of the present study included a total of 34,975 people aged 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 years (5,347 in 2006 and 29,628 in 2010). The dental health capacity of the first permanent molars was calculated using Clune's methods. Changes in dental health capacity were analyzed according to year, age, sex, and region. We used a multiple regression model to identify relevant factors for dental health capacity of the first permanent molars. RESULTS: The dental health capacity values were calculated according to age group as follows: 6 years, 99.66%; 12 years, 96.50%; and 15 years, 95.24%. The dental health capacity in 2010 was estimated to be higher than that in the year 2006. The increment rate of dental health capacity was higher for girls than for boys. The dental health capacity of the first permanent molars was related to the following factors: year, age, sex, region, perceived oral health status, frequency of tooth brushing per day, frequency of cariogenic snack intake per day, and number of teeth with pit and fissure sealant. Among these factors, number of teeth with pit and fissure sealant had the greatest effect on the dental health capacity of the first permanent molars. CONCLUSIONS: The dental health capacity of the first permanent molars was higher in rural areas than in the metropolis and cities. Therefore, the pit and fissure sealant program, apart from the health insurance coverage, must be revitalized for children and adolescents in rural areas.

Comparison between the National Oral Health Survey Systems of the United States and South Korea / 대한구강보건학회지

In Korea, two kinds of National oral health surveys have been conducted to develop various oral health indices during the past decade. The system still needs to be improved further in terms of quality control for the examination system, data management, personnel empowerment, etc. Therefore, this study compares the National Oral Health Survey system of the United States (US) with that of South Korea. The US national surveys related to oral health were set from the 1970s, whereas Korea's national surveys have been initiated only recently; consequently, the US system is well organized and systematically managed by the professional personnel in governmental institutes, such as the Division of Oral Health in Centers for Disease Control. Furthermore, this study examines the scope of the examiner training program, and the methods for developing and implementing a standardized examination environment, data quality control, a data input system with automatic error checking, and data back up in the US. Considering the various factors involved in conducting nationwide epidemiological surveys as mentioned above, the structure and implementation methods of oral surveys in Korea clearly need to be improved.

The characteristics of high caries risk group for 12-years children in Korea / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the high caries risk group among 12-year-old children in Korea. METHODS: Information on oral health status and interview data were collected from 6,253 children (3,309 male and 2,944 female children) aged 12 years who participated in the Korea National Oral Health Survey in 2010. The subjects were sorted according to the decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT) data. The highest one-third was selected as the significant caries (SiC) group (N=2,184), and the others were classified as the middle group (N=4,466) and the caries-free group (N=7,067). This study also used demographic variables such as gender and area of residence. The variables for the oral health behavior were the number of dental sealants on the first molar, self-perceived oral health, average frequency of tooth brushing per day, and the mean frequency of daily snack consumption. The variables for the oral health status were the mean number of DMFTs and the SiC index. The associations between the high caries risk group and the demographic and social variables, oral health status, and oral health-related consciousness and behavior were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A significant proportion of the high caries risk group participants had no dental sealant on the first molar (46.4%) and lived in rural areas (38.1%, P<0.05). The determinants of the high-risk group were whether the first molar was sealed ('0', OR=52.67) and the self-perceived oral health ('fair', OR=1.43, 'poor', OR=2.09). CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of the high caries risk group among 12-year-old Korean children were the absence of dental sealant on the first molar, poor self-perceived oral health, gender, and region.

Oral hygiene practices among the visually impaired adolescents

The purpose of this study was to gather information on the oral hygiene behaviour among the visually impaired adolescents. Interview and observation methods were used to collect data. A total of 114 visually impaired adolescents were interviewed and 10 of the interviewees were selected for observation on the actual oral hygiene practices. The mean age of the sample was 16 years old. The sample comprised of 53.5% female, majority were Malays (86.8%) and most of them were from the lower income group. Fifty four percent of the sample had low vision and 45.6% were blind. All of the participants reported that they brushed their teeth daily and most of them brushed twice a day or more. Flossing (6.1%) was not common practice among this group. It was observed that they encountered some difficulties, especially when putting the toothpaste on the toothbrush and also the way that they brushed their teeth could cause detrimental effect to the oral cavity. Thus, they need to be taught on proper oral hygiene care so that they can practice safe oral hygiene care and maintain their own oral health.