Antibacterial potentials of some toothpaste products against some oral bacterial isolates / Potencial ação antibacteriana de produtos de pastas de dentes contra isolados bacterianos orais

Objetive: Manufacturers of toothpastes claim that their products are active against oral microbiome capable of causing tooth decay. The objective of this study was to investigate the manufacturers' claim using some of the toothpaste products sold in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Material and methods: The antibacterial potentials of five commercialized toothpaste products (designated sodium fluoride-zinc sulphate, benzyl alcohol-sodium fluorophosphate, sodium fluoride-eugenol, sodium fluoride-sodium laurylsulfate and sodium fluoride-potassium nitrate) were tested against six oral isolates of dental caries and periodontal origin ­ Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial potentials were evaluated using modified agar well diffusion method. Various dilutions of the toothpaste products from 1:1 to 1:16 were tested against each test microorganism. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the toothpastes were determined. Results: sodium fluoride-zinc sulphate, benzyl alcohol-sodium fluorophosphate and sodium fluoride-eugenol toothpastes showed inhibitory effects on S. aureus, S. mitis and S. salivarius. Sodium fluoride-sodium laurylsulfate and sodium fluoride-potassium nitrate toothpastes showed no inhibitory effect on the organisms except S. pyogenes. Only sodium fluoride-potassium nitrate toothpaste inhibited E. coli while none of the toothpastes inhibited P. aeruginosa. The MIC and MBC of sodium fluoride-zinc sulphate, benzyl alcohol-sodium fluorophosphate, and sodium fluoride-eugenol toothpastes showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on the organisms. Sodium fluoride-zinc sulphate, benzyl alcohol-sodium fluorophosphate, and sodium fluoride-eugenol toothpastes showed comparable effects on S. aureus, S. mitis and S. salivarius. Sodium fluoride-eugenol toothpaste was strongest against S. mitis, benzyl alcohol-sodium fluorophosphates toothpaste was strongest against S. pyogenes, sodium fluoride-zinc sulphate toothpaste was strongest against S. salivarius and only sodium fluoride-potassium nitrate toothpaste inhibited E. coli. Conclusion: The manufacturer's claim is upheld by this study for sodium fluoride-zinc sulphate, benzyl alcohol-sodium fluorophosphate and sodium fluoride-eugenol toothpastes. However, sodium fluoride-sodium laurylsulfate and sodium fluoride-potassium nitrate toothpastes showed limited inhibitory potentials (AU)

Objetivo: Os fabricantes de dentifrícios afirmam que seus produtos são ativos contra a microbiota oral capaz de causar cáries. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a justificativa dos fabricantes sobre o uso de alguns produtos na pasta de dente vendida em Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Materiais e métodos:Os potenciais agentes antibacterianos dos cinco produtos de creme dental comercializados (denominados fluoreto de sódio-sulfato de zinco, álcool benzilico-fluorofosfato de sódio, fluoreto de sódio-eugenol, fluoreto de sódio-laurilsulfato de sódio-nitrato de potássio) foram testados contra 06 isolados orais de cárie dentária e origem periodontal - Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus piogenes e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Os potenciais antimicrobianos foram avaliados usando o método de difusão em ágar modificado. Várias diluições dos produtos das pastas de dente de 1:1 a 1:16 foram testadas contra cada microorganismo citado. A concentração inibitório mínima (MIC) e a concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) das pastas de dente foram determinadas. Resultados: As pastas de fluoreto de sódio-sulfato de zinco, álcool benzilico-fluorofosfato de sódio e fluoreto de sódio-eugenol apresentaram efeitos inibitórios sobre S. aureus, S. mitis, S. salivarius. Os dentifrícios com fluoreto de sódio-laurilsulfato de sódio e fluoreto de sódio-nitrato de potássio não mostraram efeito inibitório sobre os microorganismos, exceto S. pyogenes. Apenas o creme dental com fluoreto de sódio e nitrato de potássio inibiu a E. coli, enquanto nenhum dos dentifrícios inibiu a P. aeruginosa. O MIC e CBM de fluoreto de sóido-sulfato de zinco, álcool benzilico-fluorofosfato de sódio e dentifrício fluoreto de sódio-eugenol mostraram efeitos bacteriostáticos e bactericidas sobre os organismos. As pastas de fluoreto de sódio-sulfato de zinco, álcool benzilico-fluorofosfato de sódio-eugenol mostraram efeitos comparáveis em S. aureus, S. mitis e S. salivarius. O creme dental com fluoreto de sódio-eugenol foi o mais forte contra S. mitis, o creme dental com álcool benzilico e fluorofosfatos de sódio foi o mais forte contra S. pyogenes, o creme dental com fluoreto de sódio-sulfato de zinco foi o mais forte contra o S. salivarius e apenas o creme dental com fluoreto de sódio-nitrato de potássio inibiu E. coli.Conclusão: A utilização de alguns produtos pelo fabricante é confirmada por este estudo para as pastas de dente com fluoreto de sódio-zinco, álcool benzilico-fluorofosfato de sódio e fluoreto de sódio-eugenol. No entanto, os dentifrícios com fluoreto de sódio-laurilsulfato de sódio e fluoreto de sódio-nitrato de potássio apresentaram potencial inibitório limitado (AU).

A Study on the Distribution of Oral Candidal Isolates in Diabetics / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: An important constituent of normal human oral microflora has long been recognized. The increase in the incidence of candidal infections has been associated with the increase in the number of patients at risk. Especially, diabetic patients have been increased susceptibility to general and local infections, but it is often equivocal whether or not risk factors such as oral-ambient conditions are related to candidal colonization. OBJECTIVE: The isolates of candidal species were evaluated in the oral cavity of diabetic patients in comparison with non-diabetic, non-immunocompromized subjects. Risk factors that could influence candidal colonization in diabetic patients were also studied. METHOD: Candidal species were isolated from the oral mucosa of 205 diabetics and 62 non-diabetics, using oral swab and smear technique. They were identified by germ tube test, Cornmeal-Tween agar and API 20C system. RESULTS: The frequency of oral candidal isolates was more common in 130 isolates (63.4%) in diabetic patients compared with 23 (37.1%) isolates in controls (p0.05). Germ tubes were formed in the 102 species and chlamydospores in the 105 species in diabetic patients. Candida(C) albicans among the species was the most frequent isolates in both groups (80.8% vs 69.6%). The isolated 130 candidal species, identified by API 20C system, in diabetic patients, showed C. albicans (104), C. tropicalis (16), C. parapsilosis (6), C. krusei (1), C. kefyr (1) and unidentified species (2) compared with C. albicans (16), C. tropicalis (2), C. parapsilosis (2), C. krusei (3), C. kefyr (3) in 23 of controls. These results were almost same in both groups except for the relative high frequency of C. kefyr in controls. As for the risk factors, the isolates were increased in diabetic patients who were smokers (p0.05). Candidal culture rate and diabetic duration were not correlated (p>0.05). The number of colonies in SDA plate was significantly increased in smokers and denture-wearers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The frequency of oral candidal isolates in diabetic patients is higher than in that of controls. Oral-ambient factors such as smoking, probably involve in the development of oral candidal colonization, but not being the result of a single factor.

A Study on the Distribution of Oral Candidal Isolates in Diabetics / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: An important constituent of normal human oral microflora has long been recognized. The increase in the incidence of candidal infections has been associated with the increase in the number of patients at risk. Especially, diabetic patients have been increased susceptibility to general and local infections, but it is often equivocal whether or not risk factors such as oral-ambient conditions are related to candidal colonization. OBJECTIVE: The isolates of candidal species were evaluated in the oral cavity of diabetic patients in comparison with non-diabetic, non-immunocompromized subjects. Risk factors that could influence candidal colonization in diabetic patients were also studied. METHOD: Candidal species were isolated from the oral mucosa of 205 diabetics and 62 non-diabetics, using oral swab and smear technique. They were identified by germ tube test, Cornmeal-Tween agar and API 20C system. RESULTS: The frequency of oral candidal isolates was more common in 130 isolates (63.4%) in diabetic patients compared with 23 (37.1%) isolates in controls (p0.05). Germ tubes were formed in the 102 species and chlamydospores in the 105 species in diabetic patients. Candida(C) albicans among the species was the most frequent isolates in both groups (80.8% vs 69.6%). The isolated 130 candidal species, identified by API 20C system, in diabetic patients, showed C. albicans (104), C. tropicalis (16), C. parapsilosis (6), C. krusei (1), C. kefyr (1) and unidentified species (2) compared with C. albicans (16), C. tropicalis (2), C. parapsilosis (2), C. krusei (3), C. kefyr (3) in 23 of controls. These results were almost same in both groups except for the relative high frequency of C. kefyr in controls. As for the risk factors, the isolates were increased in diabetic patients who were smokers (p0.05). Candidal culture rate and diabetic duration were not correlated (p>0.05). The number of colonies in SDA plate was significantly increased in smokers and denture-wearers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The frequency of oral candidal isolates in diabetic patients is higher than in that of controls. Oral-ambient factors such as smoking, probably involve in the development of oral candidal colonization, but not being the result of a single factor.