Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in geriatric patients in Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Population aged 60 years old and above are growing in number; a fact that will have an impact on general and oral health in the future. Oral health is often overlooked in the management of geriatric patients but it is vital to have a knowledged-based practice in order to increase the quality of life of elderly patients.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> The purpose of this study is to determine the number and types of oral mucosal lesions in geriatric patients who come to the Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS:</strong> This is an observational descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Intraoral soft tissue examination was performed on geriatric patients coming to the hospital between March and December 2018.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> One hundred twenty-four (124) new geriatric patients came to the hospital. A total of 152 oral lesions from 63 geriatric patients (50.81%) were identified.  Overall, coated tongue (55.56%) was the most frequently detected lesion, followed by linea alba buccalis (31.74%) and lingual varicosities (26.98%).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Coated tongue or white tongue is the most frequently detected oral mucosal lesion, often caused by poor oral hygiene. The dentist should be able to recognize and differentiate them from the worrisome lesions and decide on the appropriate treatment in geriatric patients.</p>

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in children / Prevalencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral en niños

Lesions of the oral mucosa are a broad range of different alterations located in the soft tissue of the oral cavity. The studies that describe the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions have been carried out mainly in an adult population. Therefore, in the literature available both in Chile and abroad, there are few reports about pathological lesions and alterations of the normality of the oral mucosa in pediatric population. A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted, with non-probability sampling for convenience, with a sample of 219 patients and a level of confidence of 95 %. We estimated 30 % of children with oral mucosal lesions. Patient history and the presence of oral mucosal lesions were registered in the clinical records specific to this study. In 101 patients a prevalence of 37.62 % of oral mucosal lesions was observed. The most frequent lesion was the minor aphthous ulcer (6.9 %), followed by irritation fibroma (5 %), traumatic ulcer (5 %), traumatic erosion (4 %), impetigo (4 %), pigmented lesion (3 %), and others, at lower rates. The most prevalent location was the lips with a 38.5 %.

Las lesiones de la mucosa oral comprenden un amplio conjunto de alteraciones que se localizan en los tejidos blandos de la cavidad oral. Los estudios que describen la prevalencia de lesiones de mucosa oral, se han realizado principalmente en población adulta, por lo tanto en la literatura internacional y en Chile, existen escasos reportes acerca de lesiones patológicas y alteraciones de la normalidad de mucosa oral en población pediátrica. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, de tipo no probabilístico por conveniencia, donde se calculó una muestra de 219 pacientes con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Se estimó un porcentaje de 30 % de niños con lesiones de mucosa oral. Se registró la anamnesis del paciente y presencia de lesiones de mucosa oral en la ficha clínica específica para el estudio. Se observó en 101 pacientes una prevalencia de 37,62 % de lesiones de mucosa oral. La lesión más frecuente fue el afta menor, seguido de fibroma irritativo, úlcera traumática, erosión traumáticas, impétigo, lesiones pigmentadas y entre otras con menor frecuencia. La localización más prevalente fue los labios con 38,5 %.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among chewing tobacco users: A cross‑sectional study.

Context: The increasing use of chewing tobacco (CT) in the last 10–12 years has led to an increased incidence of potentially malignant oral disorders and frank oral malignancies. Aim: To determine the frequency of oral mucosal lesions and to correlate the dose‑response relationship among CT users of Bengaluru North province. Settings and Design: This population‑based cross‑sectional study was conducted among a randomized cluster sample of adults in low‑income group (slums), of Bengaluru North, Karnataka state, India. Materials and Methods: Nine hundred and one subjects, all CT users were surveyed in this cross‑sectional study. A prestructured questionnaire which included information on type and amount of CT used, duration and frequency of use, and location of placement of tobacco in the oral cavity was used for assessment, which was followed by oral examination for the presence of lesions. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi‑square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess the statistical significance. Results: Of the 901 subjects with CT habits, 55.8% revealed no clinically detectable oral mucosal changes and 44.1% showed mucosal changes of which 63.8% were males and 36.1% were females. The most common finding was chewers mucositis (59.5%) followed by submucous fibrosis (22.8%), leukoplakia (8%), lichenoid reaction (6.5%), oral cancer (2.7%), and lichen planus (0.5%). Conclusion: This study provides information about different CT habits and associated mucosal lesions among this population.

Oral health status and treatment need among institutionalized elderly in India.

Aim: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs among elderly people aged 60 years and above residing as inmates in the old age homes of Hyderabad and Secunderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Settings and Design: A cross‑sectional study was performed to determine the oral health status and treatment needs among elderly people. Materials and Methods: In order to assess the oral health status and treatment needs, the clinical assessment of oral mucosa, community periodontal index, loss of attachment, dentition status and treatment need, prosthetic status and prosthetic need was recorded based on a modified World Health Organization 1997 proforma. Statistical Analysis Used: Multi‑group analysis was done using analysis of variance. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 812 inmates, 431 (64.0%) of the study participants had oral mucosal lesions. In terms of periodontal status, all sextants were excluded (Code “X”) in 324 (39.9%) subjects. Out of dentate population, a majority of the inmates (219; 27.0%) presented with deep pockets (Code “4”) followed by shallow pockets (Code “3” ‑ 183; 22.5%). The majority of the subjects had no prosthesis in the upper arch (85.0%) and lower arch (86.6%). Conclusion: The study demonstrated poor oral health among institutionalized elderly inmates. Oral mucosal lesions were found to be higher and periodontal status was also poor amongst the study population.

Prevalence of habits and oral mucosal lesions in Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Introduction: Dental health and oral health are used almost synonymously when stating the goals of oral health; such statements are only valid for dental health. This may lead to severe underestimation of the need of total oral health care. When planning measures of oral health care, the lack of data may lead to a risk of overlooking diseases of the soft tissue in, and adjacent to, the oral cavity. Prevalence data of oral mucosal lesions are available from many countries, but the information is usually restricted to very few lesions in each survey. Materials and Methods: The present study is an attempt to assess and compare the various deleterious habits and its associated oral mucosal lesions among patients visiting outpatient department of Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Results: It was found that the prevalence of habits was 51.4% including both the sexes and prevalence of oral mucosal lesions were 9.9%. Discussion: The prevalence of habits and oral mucosal lesions is very high as compared with other studies. The habit of smoking was higher in males as compared to females.

Assessment of Oral Mucosal Lesions among Eunuchs Residing in Bhopal City, Madhya Pradesh, India: A Cross-sectional Study.

Aim: The present cross-sectional study following the STROBE guidelines was conducted to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among males, females, and eunuchs residing in Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh India. Materials and Methods: Based on convenient non-probability snowball sampling technique, all the self-identifi ed eunuchs residing in the city of Bhopal who were present at the time of examination and who fulfi lled the selection criteria were examined. A cross section of the general population (males and females) residing in the same locality where these eunuchs live was also examined. The World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment proforma (1997) was used to collect the information on oral mucosal lesions. All the obtained data were analyzed by using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Results: Overall prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 127 (19.9%) among the study subjects. Fifty-nine (28.5%) eunuchs, 56 (25.7%) males, and 12 (5.6%) females were observed to have some oral mucosal lesions. Oral submucous fi brosis (6.4%), leukoplakia (5.5%), and traumatic ulceration (4.2%) were the major oral mucosal conditions observed. Conclusion: The information presented in this study adds to our understanding of the common oral mucosal lesions occurring in the eunuch population. Efforts to increase patient awareness of the oral effects of tobacco use and to eliminate the habit are needed to improve the oral and general health of eunuchs.

Epidemiology, control and prevention of tobacco induced oral mucosal lesions in India.

Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of human morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries like India. Tobacco consumption in smokeless and smoking form along with alcohol is considered as the primary risk factors. Tobacco is a major health challenge with various tobacco products available for use which are known to have deleterious effects on the oral mucosa. The oral lesions caused by tobacco are inclusive of those that are less likely to progress to cancer; lesions with increased tendency to develop into cancer and cancerous lesions. Prevention and control of tobacco induced oral mucosal lesions is the prime requisite currently and mainly involves measures undertaken at primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Primary prevention plays a pivotal role in tobacco induced lesions and steps can be taken at policy level, community as well as individual level. This review paper focuses on the epidemiological data of tobacco induced oral mucosal lesions in India available in the literature with an overview on various strategies for their prevention and control.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and variations in Indian public school children

Aim: To study the nature and distribution of oral mucosal lesions and variations in children.Methods: This investigation was a cross-sectional study. All the study subjects were taken fromgovernment primary school. Children were in the age group of 4-14years. The children whowere attending the Department of Pediatric Dentistry for dental check up were examined. Results:A total of 1,003 children were included in the present study,. The mucosal lesions were observedin 643 (64.11%) children, developmental variations of mucosa were evident in 220 (21.93%)children and normal mucosal variations were present in 391 (38.98%) children. The mostcommonly observed mucosal lesions were gingivitis, gingival abscess and traumatic ulcers. Themost frequent developmental mucosal variations were ankyloglossia and high frenal attachment.Normal mucosal variations noted were linea alba buccalis and fordyce’s spots. Distribution ofmucosal lesions/variations were same among both the gender except fordyce’s spots (p=0.018).Parotid papillae and pigmented spots had positive relation with age. Conclusions: Mucosallesions/variations were present in more than half of the children in this study. Only few oralmucosal lesions had gender differences and vary with age.

DMFT index and oral mucosal lesions associated with HIV infection: cross-sectional study in Porto Velho, Amazonian region - Brazil

We evaluated the DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) index and the prevalence of candidiasis, linear gingival erythema, oral hairy leukoplakia, herpes simplex, aphthous ulcers, Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma, as well as the association with TCD4 count, viral load (VL) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 140 HIV-infected adult individuals. A standardized examination to determine the DMFT index and the presence of oral lesions was conducted. Demographic data, TCD4 count and use of ART were obtained from medical records. A high number of decayed teeth detected among patients undergoing ART resulted in a mean DMFT of 16.9 teeth. It was observed that 24.2 percent of the individuals had at least one oral lesion. Candidiasis was the most frequent lesion and was associated with the TCD4 count. Oral hairy leukoplakia was associated with an increased VL. Regular use of ART was inversely associated with the occurrence of lesions. Overall, the studied population showed low prevalence of oral lesions and high DMFT index. The use of ART seems to reduce the occurrence of these lesions. Higher TCD4 count and a lower VL were associated with an improved oral health status in HIV + individuals.

Prevalência de alterações da mucosa bucal em adolescentes brasileiros institucionalizados em dois centros de reeducação / Prevalence of oral mucosal alterations in Brazilian adolescents held in two juvenile re-education centers

O propósito do presente estudo foi verificar a prevalência de lesões fundamentais e alterações da normalidade na mucosa bucal de adolescentes brasileiros institucionalizados. Foram examinados 231 adolescentes, todos do gênero masculino. Os critérios clínicos de diagnóstico das lesões foram os propostos pelo SB (Brasil) 2000-Prevalência de fatores de riscos. A prevalência total de lesões da mucosa bucal foi de 27,70 por cento (64 lesões), com 24,24 por cento dos adolescentes as apresentando. A mais frequente foi a placa. Encontraram-se 293 alterações de normalidade, com 78,35 por cento dos examinados apresentando pelo menos uma delas. A pigmentação melânica fisiológica foi a mais encontrada. Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente através do teste não paramétrico de Kruskall-Wallis e as associações pelo teste Qui-quadrado, considerando-se nível de significância de 5 por cento. Diferença estatisticamente significante foi identificada quando se avaliou a presença de lesão fundamental e/ou alteração da normalidade versus cor da pele (p=0,002), entre a cor da pele e o número médio de alterações de normalidade (p=0,000), entre a presença de pigmentação melânica fisiológica e leucoedema versus cor da pele do examinado com p=0,000 e p=0,002. Sobre o número médio de lesões da mucosa versus cor da pele, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante, com p=0,618.

The purpose of the present study was to verify the prevalence of oral mucosal alterations in Brazilian adolescents institutionalized. A total of 231 adolescents, all male were examined. The criteria used for clinical diagnostic of the lesions were the former proposed by SB 2000 (Brazil). The total oral mucosal lesions prevalence was 27.70 percent (64 lesions). The total prevalence of buccal mucosal lesions were 27.70 percent (64 lesions) in 24,24 percent of the adolescents. The most frequent one was plaque. It was found 293 mucosal alterations. 78.35 percent of the adolescents examined presented at least one alteration. The melanin pigmentation was the most common alteration. The data collected had been analyzed statistically through Kruskall Wallis non-parametric test and associations through Qui-Square test, considering significant level of 5 percent. Statistical significant difference was identified concerning between basic lesions and/or mucosal alterations and race (p=0,002) and skin colours and average number of the mucosal alteration (p=0,000) and the present of the melanin pigmentation and leukoedema and race (p=0,000 and p=0,002). There wasn't any statistically significant difference between average number of the mucosal lesions and race (p=0,618).

Prevalencia de lesiones en la mucosa bucal en pacientes embarazadas que acuden al Servicio de Odontología de la Maternidad Concepción Palacios durante el período Enero - Julio 2003: Seminario Rotatorio- Hospitalario. Dirección de Extensión Docencia y Servicio. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Central de Venezuela (U.C.V.)

Durante el embarazo se producen diferentes cambios fisiológicos, influencias hormonales, modificaciones en la dieta, alteraciones en la microbiología e inmunología bucal que son capaces de desencadenar manifestaciones bucales. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de lesiones bucales en una población de pacientes embarazadas que asistían al Servicio de Odontología de la Maternidad Concepción Palacios. Se obtuvieron datos de 251 pacientes durante el período Enero - Julio 2003. Los diagnósticos de las lesiones de la mucosa bucal fueron realizados sobre la base de la historia y características clínicas de acuerdo a la WHO, 1978. Los resultados demuestran la presencia de una o más lesiones en el 100% de la muestra. La gingivitis fue la lesión bucal más frecuente en pacientes embarazadas con 251 casos (100%), seguido por Estomatitis Sub protésica y Úlceras Aftosas(N= 16 ; 6,37%) cada una y en tercer lugar agrandamientos gingivales con 14 casos (5,57%). La mayor prevalencia de lesiones bucales estuvo en el grupo de 20 - 29 años 99 casos (39,4%). La mayor cantidad de lesiones bucales encontradas de acuerdo al tiempo de gestación estuvieron ubicadas en el segundo trimestre de embarazo(N= 145; 57,7%). El 15,1% (38 casos) de las pacientes presentaron hábitos tabáquicos y un caso 0,40% drogas En conclusión podemos decir en base a nuestra investigación que la gingivitis es la alteración bucal más frecuente asociada al embarazo debido al incremento de los niveles de hormonas en el plasma sanguíneo, aunado a la presencia de placa dental.

During pregnancy, there occur various physiological changes, hormonal influences, cheanges in the diet, alterations in the oral microbiology and inmunology which are ng oral manifestations. The purpose of this survey was to determine the prevalency of lesions in the oral membrane in a population of pregnant women who attend the Dentistry Service of Maternidad Concepción Palacios. Information was obtained of 251 patients during the period January - July 2.003.Diagnoses of lesions in the oral mucosal were made on the basis of the clinical history and characteristics, according to the WHO,1.978. The results show the presence of one or more lesions in 100% of the sample.Gingivitis was the most frequent oral lesion in pregnant women:251 cases (100%),followed by subprosthetic stomatitis and aphthous ulcers 16 cases (6.37%),and third,gingival swellings with 14 cases each (5.57%).The greatest prevalence of oral lesions was in the group of 20-29 years, with 99 cases (39.4%).The highest amount of oral lesions found according to the pregnancy time were located in the second quarter of the pregnancy period. 57,7 % (145 cases). 15.1%(38 cases) of patients had smoking habits; it was reported 1 case (0.40%) of use of drugs and no patients were found with alcohol habits. In conclusion,we can say,on the basis of our research ,that gingivitis is the most frequent oral alteration associated to pregnancy due to an increase in the levels of hormones in the blood plasma,in addition to the presence of local irritating agents.