Conocimientos sobre Salud bucal del adulto mayor. Consultorio 10. Policlínico "Dr. Tomas Romay" 2017-2018 / Knowledge about oral health of the elderly. Family Physician's Office 10. Tomas Romay Polyclinic 2017 - 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la salud bucal juega un papel importante para mantener la calidad de vida en la tercera edad. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de los adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal. Se estudió un universo constituido por 209 adultos mayores. Pertenecientes al Consultorio 10 del Policlínico "Tomas Romay", durante el año 2017 al 2018. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante una encuesta. Resultados: el 41,6 % fueron evaluados de mal, seguidos de los de regular. El 41,1 % fueron de 60 a 69 años, el 39,2 % pertenecían al sexo masculino y el 60,8 % al femenino. El 46,8 % tienen un nivel medio de escolaridad. Resultaron jubilados el 51,4 % de los evaluados de regular. Las familias extensas representaron el 45,5 % y el 67,9 % eran disfuncionales. Conclusiones: prevalecieron los adultos mayores evaluados de mal, las féminas y las edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 69 años. Sobresalieron los adultos con nivel medio de escolaridad. En los evaluados de regular predominaron los jubilados. Imperaron las familias extensas y disfuncionales (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: oral health plays an important role to keep life quality in elder people. Objective: to determine the knowledge level of elder people on oral health. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out. The authors studied a universe of 209 elder people belonging to Family Physician's Office 10 of the "Tomas Romay" Polyclinic during the period 2017 - 2019. Data were collected in an inquiry. Results: 41.6 % got bad qualifications, followed by fair. 41.1. % of patients was in the 60-69 age group, 39.2 % were male and 60.8 % ere female. 46.8 % has a high school scholarship. 51.4 % of those who got fair qualification were retired. Extensive families represented 45.5 % and 67.9 % of them were dysfunctional. Conclusions: elder people with bad qualifications, women, and the 60-69-age-group prevailed. Elders with high school scholarship stood out. Among those who got fair qualification predominated retired people. Extensive, dysfunctional families were the most commonly found (AU).

Comportamiento del Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) y Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) en una población de adultos mayores de la Ciudad de México / Behavior of the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) in a senior adult population in Mexico City

Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento del Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index y Oral Impacts on Daily Performances como medidas de efecto de la salud bucodental relacionada con la calidad de vida en adultos mayores en una misma población. Métodos: Muestra representativa de adultos mayores derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social del suroeste de la Ciudad de México. Se realizaron entrevistas domiciliarias para conocer las características de la muestra y aplicación de los instrumentos Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index y Oral Impacts on Daily Performances. Evaluación clínica para determinar la experiencia de caries coronal y caries radicular. Resultados: Un total de 531 sujetos de 60 años y más participaron, 68.4% mujeres. La media (desviación estándar) de edad fue de 71.4 (7.0) años. El Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index presentó una media de 46.8 (6.2), y 4.1 (12.4) para el Oral Impacts on Daily Performances. La escolaridad mayor de seis años, no presentar limitaciones, con deterioro cognitivo y sin depresión, presentaron una media mayor del puntaje del Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index en comparación con los que no presentaban (p < 0.05). La escolaridad mayor de seis años, con una actividad laboral remunerada y sin depresión, presentaron una media menor del puntaje del Oral Impacts on Daily Performances en comparación a los que no presentaban (p < 0.05). Existe una correlación entre el Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index y componentes obturados, dientes funcionales (p < 0.05). Los componentes perdidos, obturados e índice caries coronal, así como coronas sanas y dientes funcionales presentaron una correlación con el Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (p < 0.05). Conclusión: El Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index tuvo mayor discriminación en las características de la población y el Oral Impacts on Daily Performances presentó mayor correlación con el estado de la dentición.

Objective: To determine the behavior of the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index as well as the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances as effective measures in oral-dental health related to quality of life in senior citizens in a given population. Methods: A representative sample of senior citizens entitled to medical services at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security) located in the southwest region of Mexico City. Home interviews were conducted in order to ascertain the sample's characteristics as well as the application of the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances instruments. Clinical evaluation in order to determine experience of crown caries (CPO-D) and root caries CO-R). Results: A total of 531 subjects aged 60 years and over participated in the study, of which 68.4% were female. Age average (AA) was 71.4 years (7.0). Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index exhibited a mean of 46.8 (6.2) and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances showed 4.1 (12.4). Subjects included in the sample had attended school for over 6 years, did not present limitations of cognitive deterioration, and were depression-free, exhibited a higher mean in Oral Impacts on Daily Performances score than those which did not present those characteristics (p < 0.05). Six or more years of schooling with paid work and depression-free subjects presented lesser Oral Impacts on Daily Performances scores when compared to those who did not. (p < 0.05) A correlation was found between the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index and filled components, functional teeth (p > 0.05). Filled and lost components and CPO-D index as well as healthy crowns and functional teeth exhibited a correlation with Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index exhibited higher discrimination in the population's characteristics whereas Oral Impacts on Daily Performances showed higher correlation with the state of the dentition.

A realidade da saúde bucal do idoso no Sudeste brasileiro / The reality of the oral/dental health of the elderly in the Brazilian Southeast

Este trabalho teve como objetivos descrever as alterações manifestadas nas estruturas bucais decorrentes do envelhecimento e verificar, através da produção científica nacional, com ênfase na Região Sudeste, os problemas bucais prevalentes nos idosos. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura abordando a temática envelhecimento no contexto da odontologia. Os resultados apontaram que a população idosa é o segmento populacional que mais cresce. Os problemas bucais prevalentes nessa faixa etária são as cáries radiculares e a doença periodontal, que contribuem para a grande maioria das extrações dentárias. Na Região Sudeste do Brasil, o uso de prótese é baixo quando comparado à alta taxa de edentulismo e ao percentual de idosos parcialmente dentados; o valor do índice CPOD é alto e os idosos apresentam uma percepção positiva sobre seus dentes, apesar de os problemas bucais terem impacto negativo nas suas vidas. Conclui-se que a incorporação do cirurgião-dentista na equipe de saúde das instituições e a sistematização das práticas de higiene bucal são necessidades reais, além da necessidade de um trabalho continuado de orientação para o cuidado da saúde bucal do idoso. É também fundamental a ampliação do estudo nessa área, visando qualificar a atenção e o tratamento odontológico para esses indivíduos.

The scope of this work was to describe the alterations revealed in oral/dental structures resulting from ageing and to verify, through the national scientific production, with emphasis on the Southeastern region, the prevaling oral/dental problems in the elderly. A review of the literature on the theme of ageing in the context of dentistry was conducted. The results pointed to the fact that the elderly population is the fastest growing population segment. The prevailing oral/dental problems in this age bracket are radicular caries and periodontal illness, which contribute to the vast majority of dental extractions. In the Southeastern region of Brazil, the use of prostheses is low when compared with the high rate of tooth loss and the percentage of partially toothed elderly people; the value of the CPOD index is high and the elderly have a positive perception on their teeth, despite the fact that oral/dental problems have a negative impact on their lives. It is concluded that the inclusion of a dental surgeon in the healthcare team of the institutions and the systematization of oral/dental hygiene are pressing needs, in addition to the need for ongoing work of guidance for the the oral/dental healthcare of the elderly. Broadening of the study in this area is also fundamental to ensure dental care and treatment of these individuals.