RESUMO
Background: Children experience dental anxiety during their first dental visit, which affects the quality of dental treatment and gives rise to behaviour management problems. Clay, origami and building blocks have been effective in alleviating hospitalization anxiety in pediatric patients. These successful techniques in hospitalized pediatric patients have seldom been used in the dental set up. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and compare the efficacy of clay therapy, origami and building blocks in the management of dental anxiety in children aged 6-10 years.
Methods: Sixty children aged 6-10 years, with no previous dentist exposure, with Frankl抯 behaviour rating 2 or 3 having dental caries with international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) score 3 requiring restorations without local anesthesia were selected and divided into four groups. Group 1 � clay therapy; group 2 - building blocks; group 3 � origami; and group 4 � tell show do. Pulse rate, facial image scale (FIS) and face, leg, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) behaviour scales were used to quantify anxious behaviour. Operator compliance and parent acceptance was rated on the Likert scale.
Results: The results showed lower mean pulse rates, lower FIS and FLACC scores, and better operator compliance and parental acceptance in clay therapy, origami and building blocks groups than in the conventional tell-show-do group. The most significant reduction in all the parameters was seen in the clay therapy group.
Conclusions: Clay therapy, origami and building blocks can be used as an effective means to reduce dental anxiety in children.
RESUMO
RNAs are involved in the crucial processes of disease progression and have emerged as powerful therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. However, efficient delivery of therapeutic RNA to the targeted location and precise detection of RNA markers remains challenging. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to applying nucleic acid nanoassemblies in diagnosing and treating. Due to the flexibility and deformability of nucleic acids, the nanoassemblies could be fabricated with different shapes and structures. With hybridization, nucleic acid nanoassemblies, including DNA and RNA nanostructures, can be applied to enhance RNA therapeutics and diagnosis. This review briefly introduces the construction and properties of different nucleic acid nanoassemblies and their applications for RNA therapy and diagnosis and makes further prospects for their development.
RESUMO
@#Assessment is a critical component of the social work field. It is crucial, as it identifies the essential needs and wants of the client. Origami is a beneficial tool used by other mental health professionals to observe and evaluate children's dimensions such as social and motor skills, frustration, selfregulation, attention-concentration, and more however, little research has examined origami in the context of assessments used by social workers with children. This primarily qualitative case study explores how social workers can benefit from origami as an assessment tool for five to twelve-yearold children. Sixteen social workers (n=16) completed an online survey about the benefits of using origami to help assess and identify children's current issues. Twelve codes and four themes were created. Results correlate with previous mental health literature stating that origami is a helpful assessment aid tool to observe motor skills, follow directions, self-regulation, social skills, creativity, spatial awareness, problem-solving, concentration, and self-esteem among children. This research provides new knowledge to help social workers assess children. It provides social workers with a tool that other mental health professionals are benefiting from. Additionally, it introduced social workers to an assessment aid that is considered easy to use, non-threatening simple, and without a cultural barrier. Additionally, social workers interested in other ways to understand children also benefit from this research