RESUMO
Background: Neonatal Hearing Loss has a prevalence that is twice than that of disorders like congenital hypothyroidism, phenyl ketonuria etc. Early detection of hearing impairment is vital since early intervention in form of hearing aids and speech therapy would help lead a child a normal life. The aim of the study was to set up a neonatal hearing screening program and to study the various risk factors which could be associated with hearing loss.Methods: The prospective descriptive study was carried over a period of two years. All neonates before being discharged were subjected to OAE. OAE was done on Oto Read Machine (Intra acoustic) and BERA was done on BERA eclipse machine (Intra acoustic). Babies who failed the first OAE were called back for a repeat OAE at six weeks of age. Babies who failed the second OAE were referred to a trained audiologist for BERA which was performed on BERA Eclipse machine.Results: Out of 1114 neonates screened, 285 neonates failed the first OAE and were called back at six weeks for repeat OAE. Out of the 285 babies who were called for repeat OAE, 258 turned up 27(9.47%) were lost to follow up. Out of the 258 babies who turned up, 245 passed the test while 13 failed the test. 13 Babies who had failed the second OAE screening were called back 1 month later for BERA testing. Out of the 13 babies who turned up for BERA testing, 12 passed the test and 1 failed giving us a prevalence of 0.89 per 1000 population. Of the various risk factors studied only low birth weight was found to be having significant association with hearing loss.Conclusion: Neonatal hearing screening is the need of the hour. Larger multi centric studies are required to establish the prevalence of hearing impairment among newborns.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalência de hipoacusia infantil en una población de 0-5 anos de edad atendida en el Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, con análisis correlacional multivariado; muestra de 300 ninos. Se realizo la caracterización sociodemográfica, ambiental, domiciliaria y de antecedentes patológicos de los padres, prenatales y perinatales del nino(a), senales de factores relacionados con problemas audiológicos. Los ninos(as) fueron examinados(as) clinicamente y se realizo sistematicamente prueba de otoemisiones acústicas transitorias evocadas y potenciales evocados auditivos troncoencefálicos. Los ninos con exámenes anormales fueron reevaluados por audiología y aquellos con alteraciones persistentes fueron estudiados por un otorrinolaringólogo y un neurofisiólogo clinico. Resultados: La prevalencia de hipoacusia infantil fue de 6,3% tras la primera evaluación y de 2,3% tras la segunda: todos con hipoacusia conductiva, de los cuales dos casos correspondieron a hipoacusia leve y cinco moderados. Las causas de hipoacusia fueron: en cuatro casos, hipertrofia amigdalina y/o disfunción de la Trompa de Eustaquio; en dos ninos, otitis media serosa y/o rinosinusitis aguda; y en un nino se diagnosticó otitis media adhesiva con perforación timpánica. Conclusiones: Los factores predictores para hipoacusia infantil más prevalentes en la población de estudio fueron medioambientales: cercania con avenidas, exposición a ruidos industriales, basureros y exposición a humo. El análisis de regresión logistica arrojó significancia estadística solo para senales de factores relacionados con problemas audiológicos. La prevalencia de hipoacusia infantil es similar a la descrita en paises desarrollados, de Norteamérica y Europa. Asimismo, todos los trastornos identificados fueron causantes de hipoacusia conductiva.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of infantile hearing loss in a population of 0-5 years old treated in the Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (Colombian Family Welfare Institute). Materials and Methods: Descriptive study, with correlational multivariate analysis in 300 children. A sociodemographic, environmental, home, and parental characterization was made as well as the one of the prenatal and perinatal child's background, and signals of factors related to audiological problems. The children were examined clinically and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and brain-stem auditory evoked potentials were systematically performed. Children with abnormal tests were reevaluated by audiology and those with persistent abnormalities were evaluated by an otolaryngologist and a Clinical Neurophysiologist. Results: Prevalence of childhood hearing loss was 6.3% after the first evaluation, and 2.3% after the second: all of them with conductive hearing loss, in which two cases were mild, and five moderate hearing loss. The causes of hearing loss were: in four cases tonsillar hypertrophy and/or dysfunction of the Eustachian tube; otitis media and/or rhinoacute sinusitis with effusion were detected in two children; and adhesive otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation in one child. Conclusions: The most predictive factors for infant hearing loss in the studied population were environmental, including proximity to roads, exposure to industrial noise, landfills, and exposure to smoke. Logistic regression analysis yielded statistical significance only for factors in relation with audiological problems . Prevalence of childhood hearing loss is similar to the one described in developed countries in North America and Europe. All the identified disorders were the cause of conductive hearing loss.