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1.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448716

RESUMO

La alta prevalencia de déficit auditivo, establecido ya antes del nacimiento del niño o adquirido en el periodo perinatal o posnatal inmediato, es alarmante, unido a la repercusión de esta discapacidad sobre el lenguaje y otros procesos cognitivos, la convierten en un serio problema de salud, por lo que un diagnóstico precoz, es esencial para una rehabilitación oportuna. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es caracterizar los resultados del registro de otoemisiones acústicas en recién nacidos. Se utilizó el método de investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva y transversal de serie de 4176 neonatos, a los cuales se le realizó registro de otoemisiones acústicas en el hospital provincial general "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" de Bayamo, Granma, durante el periodo comprendido del 1ro de enero hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2022.Más del 96 % de los neonatos fueron pesquisados; la prevalencia de pruebas fallidas, sugestivas de déficit auditivo fue de 0,4 %. El comportamiento de los hallazgos del examen, fue próximo al 50 % en cada sexo y la afectación de ambos oídos se encontró en el 53 % de los casos. Los neonatos con factores de riesgo auditivo, representaron cerca del 5 % del total de recién nacidos y de este subgrupo, el 5,3 % no pasaron el tamizaje. El bajo peso al nacer, fue el factor de riesgo más comúnmente encontrado. Podemos considerar que el cribaje realizado, cumple los criterios establecidos para calificarlo de, universal. La prevalencia de pruebas fallidas fue alta, aunque acorde con los criterios de la Junta del Comité de Audición infantil (JCIH) y no mostró diferencia alguna según el sexo. La presencia de factores de riesgo, fue baja, aunque en correspondencia con resultados a nivel global, destacándose como el más común, el bajo peso al nacer.


The high prevalence of hearing deficit, established already before the birth of the child or acquired in the immediate perinatal or postnatal period, is alarming, together with the impact of this disability on language and other cognitive processes, make it a serious health problem, so an early diagnosis is essential for timely rehabilitation. The objective of our work is to characterize the results of the registration of otoacoustic emissions in newborns. The descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional research method of series of 4176 neonates was used, to which acoustic otoemissions were recorded in the general provincial hospital "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" of Bayamo, Granma, during the period from January 1 to December 31, 2022. More than 96% of neonates were screened; the prevalence of failed tests suggestive of hearing deficit was 0.4%. The behavior of the examination findings was close to 50% in each sex and the involvement of both ears was found in 53% of cases. Neonates with auditory risk factors represented about 5% of all newborns and of this subgroup, 5.3% did not pass screening. Low birth weight was the most commonly found risk factor. We can consider that the screening carried out meets the criteria established to qualify it as universal. The prevalence of failed tests was high, although in line with the criteria of the Board of the Child Hearing Committee (JCIH) and showed no difference by sex. The presence of risk factors was low, although in correspondence with results at the global level, standing out as the most common, low birth weight.


A alta prevalência do déficit auditivo, estabelecido já antes do nascimento da criança ou adquirido no período perinatal oupós-natal imediato, é alarmante, juntamente com o impacto desta deficiência na linguagem e em outros processos cognitivos, tornando-a um grave problema de saúde, sendo essencial o diagnóstico precoce para a reabilitação em tempo hábil. O objetivo do nosso trabalho é caracterizar os resultados do registro das emissões otoacústicas em recém-nascidos. Utilizou-se o método de pesquisa descritiva, retrospectiva e transversal de série de 4176 neonatos, para a qual foram registradas otoemissões acústicas no hospital geral provincial "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" de Bayamo, Granma, durante o período de 1º de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2022. Mais de 96% dos neonatos foram triados; A prevalência de falha nos testes sugestivos de déficit auditivo foide 0,4%. O comportamento dos achados do exame foi próximo de 50% em cada sexo e o acometimento de ambas as orelhas foi encontrado em 53% dos casos. Neonatos com fatores de risco auditivo representaram cerca de 5% de todos os recém-nascidos e, deste subgrupo, 5,3% não passaram na triagem. O baixo peso ao nascer foi o fator de risco mais encontrado. Podemos considerar que a triagem realizada atende aos critérios estabelecidos para qualificá-la como universal. A prevalência de reprovação nos testes foi alta, embora de acordo com os critérios do Board of the Child Hearing Committee (JCIH) e não mostrou diferença por sexo. A presença de fatores de risco foi baixa, embora em correspondência com os resultados em nível global, destacando-se como o mais comum, o baixo peso ao nascer.

2.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 24(3): 146-151, sept. 2020. graf.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1146486

RESUMO

Los resultados acá obtenidos sugieren que la prueba de audiometría de alta frecuencia y la prueba de otoemisiones de alta frecuencia son complementarias para la detección precoz de hipoacusia inducida por ruido, y deben ser incluidas en los estudios sobre la pérdida auditiva en jóvenes; esto permite determinar qué grupos de esos individuos son particularmente vulnerables a la pérdida auditiva y, así, enfocar las medidas preventivas


Assuntos
Audiometria , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído , Perda Auditiva , Ruído
3.
Interdisciplinaria ; 34(2): 327-349, dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-975777

RESUMO

La exposición a ruido no ocupacional y a la música a alto nivel sonoro, constituye un creciente factor de riesgo de pérdida auditiva en adolescentes. Estudios internacionales postulan que una función importante del Sistema Eferente Medial (SEM) es proteger el oído interno frente al ruido mediante un mecanismo reflejo y que puede ser evaluado a través de la Supresión Contralateral (SC) de las otoemisiones acústicas transitorias (TEOAEs). El mecanismo subyacente de este fenómeno no se conoce en su totalidad y los antecedentes sobre el tema son escasos. En esta investigación se analizó la relación entre la Exposición General a Música (EGM), el estado de la función auditiva y el mecanismo de protección coclear. Participaron 91 adolescentes con edades entre 14 y 15 años. Se evaluaron dos dimensiones (a) Psicosocial: se examinó la EGM con un cuestionario de actividades extraescolares y (b) auditiva o sea el funcionamiento del SEM mediante SC de las TEOAEs y los perfiles audiométricos con audiometrías. Los resultados mostraron que la SC no influyó estadísticamente en los perfiles audiométricos y categorías de exposición. Sin embargo, los resultados de la SC se orientan hacia la menor magnitud de efecto supresor, disminución en la respuesta total en relación al descenso de los umbrales auditivos y en relación con las categorías alta y baja de EGM. Es necesario promover trabajos destinados al comportamiento de riesgo auditivo conjuntamente con el mecanismo protector del SEM. De esta manera se podrá contribuir en la identificación temprana de la sensibilidad auditiva en adolescentes expuestos a ruido no ocupacional.


Non-occupational exposure to noise, such as loud music sound level is an increasing risk factor for hearing loss in adolescents. International studies propose that an important function of the medial efferent system (MES) is protect the inner ear against noise by a reflex mechanism and can be evaluated through Contralateral Suppression (CS) of transient otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) to analyzing the presence or absence of suppressive effect. The absence of suppressive effect is considered a possible alteration of the MES and the role it exerts on the regulation of the outer hair cells. The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is not known totality and the background about this topic are limited. However, researches suggests that MES would have an important role in protection against acoustic overstimulation under the hypothesis that a hearing with the presence of suppressive effect would tend to be more protected against exposure to high noise levels while ears with no effect suppressor may be more vulnerable to noise exposure. In this research the relationship between the General Exposure to Music (MGE), the state of hearing function and cochlear protection mechanism were analyzed in 91 adolescents with 14/15 years old, with male predominance, of two technical schools of the city of Córdoba (Argentina). Were evaluated the following dimensions: (a) Psychosocial: MGE through an Out of School Activities Questionnaire to know in detail the participation in five recreational activities to finally analyze the MGE and (b) Audiological: assessment of audiometric profiles, as a subjective method, by audiometry in the conventional frequency ranges (250-8000) Hz and an extended high frequency audiometry (8000-16000) Hz; function of MES assessment, objective method, through CS of TEOAEs to determine the presence or absence of suppressive effect. The study CS of TEOAEs consisted of two steps: Step 1, application of TEOAEs of an ear in form ipsilateral without acoustic stimulation in the contralateral ear (CAS) and Step 2, application of TEOAEs in the ear ipsilateral while applying CAS. Was considered presence of suppressive effect when there was a reduction in the response after the CAS that is to say when the difference of values obtained in the total response with and without CAS was positive. At the same time, was considered absence of suppressive effect in cases of maintained or increased the response after the CAS, obtaining a value of zero or negative. The results of the research showed that in the group with presence of suppressive effect the most of ears is among moderate and high categories of MGE with a lower average magnitude of suppressive effect and a decreased amplitude of the total response in the high category of MGE than the media category. Regarding audiometry the ears with presence of suppressive effect showed higher magnitude in the group of normal hearing thresholds compared with the group of descended hearing thresholds. The results related to CS of the TEOAEs statistically did not influence in the audiometric profiles and the exposure categories. However the results of the CS were oriented towards the smaller magnitude of suppressive effect, decreased total response related with the descended hearing thresholds and high and low categories of MGE. It is necessary to promote and intensify researches in relation to the auditory risk behaviors together with the protection mechanism of MES. In this way, more researches can contribute to the early identification of hearing sensitivity in adolescents exposed to non-occupational noise. It is important to implement a Psycho-Auditory Screening to collaborate in the prevention and promotion of hearing health.

4.
Acta otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 45(2): 112-120, 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-969259

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del programa de tamizaje auditivo del Hospital Militar Central en pacientes de alto riesgo de hipoacusia neurosensorial, el cual está basado en la realización de otoemisiones acústicas. Diseño: Estudio de Cohorte Histórica. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 12 meses de edad nacidos en el Hospital Militar central entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2012; a quienes por condiciones de alto riesgo de hipoacusia neurosensorial se les realizó antes de los 6 meses de edad otoemisiones acústicas como prueba de tamizaje auditivo. Se analizaron 125 pacientes evaluando cada oído por separado para un total de 250 mediciones, a esta población, se le realizó diagnóstico auditivo con el "Gold standard" cross-check. Resultados: Se estudiaron los factores de riesgo para hipoacusia neurosensorial encontrando que el peso al nacer ≤1500 gr se relacionó con hipoacusia en un 16%. El 5.6% tiene antecedente familiar de hipoacusia neurosensorial en primer y segundo grado de consanguinidad. La infección congénita (STORCH: sífilis, toxoplasmosis, rubéola, citomegalovirus, herpes); como factor de riesgo se presentó en el 2.4% únicamente con la presencia de Toxoplasmosis, de los cuales 2 oídos presentaron cofosis. Conclusiones: Las otoemisiones acústicas son efectivas como prueba de tamizaje auditivo en el HOMIC en pacientes de alto riesgo de hipoacusia Neurosensorial. La sensibilidad de las Otoemisiones acusticas para sospechar hipoacusia neurosensorial de moderada a profunda fue del 93.7 % La especificidad estimada en nuestro estudio fue de 90.9%


Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the auditory screening program at the "Hospital Militar Central" in patients who were at high risk of sensorineural hearing loss, which is based on the realization of otoacoustic emissions. Design: Retrospective cohort study Methods: We included patients older than 12 months of age who were at "Hospital Militar Central" (HOMIC) between January 2009 and December; who ought to their high risk conditions of sensorineural hearing loss were underwent otoacoustic emissions and hearing screening test before 6 months of age. Total population was 125 patients. We evaluated each ear separately for a total of 250 measurements, an auditory diagnosis was performed through crosscheck method. Results: Risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss were studied. We found that birth weight ≤1500gr was associated with hearing loss by 16%. 5.6% have a family history of sensorineural hearing loss in first and second degree of consanguinity. Congenital infection (TORCHS: toxoplasmosis, syphilis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, or herpes) as a risk factor occurred in 2.4% only in the presence of Toxoplasmosis, of which 2 ears presented deafness. Conclusions: The otoacoustic emissions are effective as a hearing screening test in the "Hospital Militar Central" in patients at high risk of Sensorineural hearing loss. The sensitivity of otoacoustic emissions to suspect sensorineural hearing loss was 93.7%. The estimated specificity in our study was 90.9%


Assuntos
Humanos , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial , Recém-Nascido , Audição , Transtornos da Audição
5.
Med. infant ; 23(1): 13-17, Marzo 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-881822

RESUMO

Objetivos: 1) Evaluar el cumplimiento del Programa Nacional de Detección Temprana y Atención de la Hipoacusia. 2) Correlacionar los resultados con la presencia o ausencia de cobertura social. 3) Evaluar la información brindada a los padres en contenido y la demora en efectuar la prueba. Métodos: estudio observacional y transversal. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes entre 1/03/12 y 31/03/13 que consultaron espontáneamente en el Hospital Garrahan y requirieron hospitalización en la sala de internación conjunta del Área de Neonatología. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos por interrogatorio, historia clínica y encuesta realizada a los padres. Se empleó estadística descriptiva y Chi2 según necesidad. Resultados: Ingresaron 153 pacientes. Mediana de edad: 21 días (16-30). Cobertura social 25% (38/153). 30% (46/153) tenían efectuada OEA. 30 tenían turno emitido, 44 habían recibido la orden médica y 33 de los 107 no evaluados no tenían ningún tipo de vinculación con la prueba. En el 34% (13/38) de los casos con obra social vs el 17% (20/115) de los casos sin cobertura se observó incumplimiento total (p 0,02).Con respecto a la información de los padres 35 /153 pacientes (23%) habían sido informados sobre la importancia de esta prueba. Discusión: Son escasos los pacientes evaluados previo al egreso de la maternidad o dentro del primer mes de vida. Poseer cobertura social no facilita el cumplimiento de la ley. Los padres carecen de información sobre la importancia de la misma (AU)


Aims: 1) To evaluate compliance with the National Program for Early Detection and Care of Hearing Loss. 2) To correlate results with presence or absence of health insurance coverage. 3) To evaluate the quality of information provided to the parents and the delay in taking the test. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study. All patients who consulted spontaneously at Hospital Garrahan between 1/03/12 and 31/03/13 and who required admission to the neonatology ward were included. Data obtained from the clinical chart and from an interview and questionnaire administered to the parents were analyzed. Depending on the data descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used. Results: 153 patients were admitted. Mean age was 21 days (16-30). Health care coverage: 25% (38/153). Acoustic otoemissions (AOE) were performed in 30% (46/153). Overall, 30 had been called for an appointment, 44 had received the medical indication, and 33 of 107 infants who were not evaluated had not been in touch with the test. In 34% (13/38) of the cases with health insurance coverage vs 17% (20/115) without total incompliance was observed (p 0.02). Regarding information for parents, 35/153 (23%) had been informed on the importance of the test. Conclusion: Few patients are screened on discharge from the maternity clinic or within the first month of life. Health insurance coverage does not facilitate compliance with the law. Parents do not receive information on the importance of the test (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Argentina , Perda Auditiva/prevenção & controle , Testes Obrigatórios , Triagem Neonatal
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