Parental Attitudes towards Children with Intellectual Disability in Special Schools of South India.

Background: Parental attitude is one of the key prognostic factors in psychosocial development of a child. In this cross-sectional study conducted in the special schools among parents, we explored the dimensions of parental attitudes towards children with intellectual disability and the factors that influence these attitudes. Methodology: Data was collected using Rangaswamy Parental Attitude Scale. This scale consists of 40 items spread equally into 8 domains (over protection, acceptance, rejection, permissiveness, communication, attitudes towards education, home management and hostility). Results: The study revealed that parents have an overall positive attitude towards their children with intellectual disability. However, mean score of the subscale domains indicates parental negative attitudes which is highest on over protection and lowest on rejection. Conclusions: Further studies in this regard are needed across multiple centres to validate the findings of the above study.

Interdependencia entre la familia y la escuela: Un nuevo paradigma para reducir la sobreprotección / Interdependence between family and school: A new paradigm to reduce overprotection

Se analiza el rol de la familia en el ejercicio de la parentalidad como factor de protección, imprescindible, para el desarrollo integral de sus hijas e hijos debido la clara desorientación de muchas practicas parentales que provocan un aumento de la sobreprotección. Esta respuesta familiar se debe a la gran diversidad de informaciones en los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales sugiriendo soluciones salomónicas, con enfoques alarmistas, ante la complejidad de la sociedad actual. Esta desorientación adulta se traduce en una distorsión del rol adulto, aumento de temores y desconfianza en relación con la acción educativa y una mayor inmadurez y dependencia en la población infantil y adolescente. Se propone un cambio de paradigma que incida y ofrezca una perspectiva diferente que evite el sentimiento de culpabilidad y dinamice los constantes debates entre las instituciones y las familias evitando el traspaso de responsabilidades especialmente hacia las familias. No es posible que se exija que actúen con criterios educativos y, a la vez, asumir responsabilidades en relación con los rendimientos escolares, ya que se genera, en algunos sectores, una indefensión absoluta. Es preciso este cambio de enfoque para afrontar las dificultades educativas cambiando los objetivos para modelar las relaciones con un enfoque basado en la interdependencia y no desde la perspectiva neoliberal que genera este enfoque clasista y segregador. Sólo de esta manera se puede recuperar la seguridad y reforzar la implicación, de manera cooperativa y compartida, asumiendo las responsabilidades propias sin las exigencias que crean sesgos de clase social.

The role of the family in the exercise of parenthood is analyzed as a factor of protection, essential for the integral development of their children due to the clear disorientation of many parental practices that cause an increase in overprotection. This family response is due to the great diversity of information in the media and social networks suggesting Solomonic solutions, with alarmist approaches, to the complexity of today's society. This adult disorientation translates into a distortion of the adult role, increased fears and distrust in relation to educational action and greater immaturity and dependence in the child and adolescent population. A change of paradigm is proposed that incurs and offers a different perspective that avoids the feeling of guilt and stimulates the constant debates between institutions and families avoiding the transfer of responsibilities especially towards families. It is not possible to demand that they act with educational criteria and, at the same time, assume responsibilities in relation to school performance, since it generates, in some sectors, absolute helplessness. This change of approach is necessary to face the educational difficulties by changing the objectives to model the relationships with an approach based on interdependence and not from the neoliberal perspective generated by this class and segregated approach. Only in this way can security be recovered, and the implication reinforced, in a cooperative and shared way, assuming one's responsibilities without the demands that create lower social class.

Current situation of children's diseases and parents' overprotection / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

With the development of modern society,children get more and more attention from their parents.However,this situation often leads to parents' overprotection during their child-raising,especially when they have a child with pediatric diseases.Parents' inappropriate parenting may even affect the prognosis and outcome of their children's disease.According to recent studies about parenting of pediatric disease children,the parents would inevitably take overprotection,which might affect children's physical and mental health.Therefore,It is recommended that parents should correctly understand the diseases and their children,and choose appropriate parenting.

Representaciones sociales de la prematurez desde la perspectiva de personas nacidas prematuras en la década de los noventa / Social representations of premature birth from the perspective of individuals born preterm in the 1990s

Introducción. La prematurez es un problema de salud pública que desafía a enfocar sus causas y consecuencias con un abordaje multidisciplinario. No hay estudios que analicen la prematurez desde la perspectiva de personas que nacieron de parto prematuro. Objetivo. Identificar las representaciones sociales asociadas a la prematurez de personas nacidas de parto prematuro en Argentina en la década de los noventa. Población y métodos. Se realizaron 12 grupos focales, con personas que nacieron prematuramente y con peso < 1500 g, atendidas en centros de tercer nivel entre 1990 y 1995. Los contenidos de los grupos focales se analizaron sobre la base de la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Resultados. Participaron 59 jóvenes y adolescentes, con una mediana de edad de 18,5 ± 2,3 años. A partir del análisis de los grupos focales, se elaboraron 6 núcleos temáticos: trayectoria de vida, recuerdos y vivencias de los padres, sobreprotección, cuerpo, escolaridad, relación con las prácticas y saberes médicos. Conclusiones. La metodología utilizada generó un espacio de mutuo reconocimiento y reflexión para los participantes. La prematurez constituye un elemento significativo, principalmente en aquellos que tuvieron mayores secuelas. Los jóvenes y adolescentes alertan sobre los efectos negativos de la sobreprotección de los padres, así como dan cuenta de la posibilidad de resignificar las dificultades de su historia de prematurez.

Introduction.Prematurity is a public health problem that calls to focus on its causes and consequences through a trans disciplinary approach. There are no studies analyzing premature birth from the perspective of individuals born preterm. Objective.To identify social representations associated with premature birth of individuals born preterm in the 1990s in Argentina. Population and Methods.Twelve focus groups were conducted with individuals born preterm with a birth weight <1500 g assisted at tertiary care facilities between 1990 and 1995. Focus group contents were analyzed based on the social representation theory. Results.Fifty-nine adolescents and youth participated; their median age was 18.5 ± 2.3 years old. Based on the analysis of focus groups, six core themes were developed: life experience, parents' memories and experiences, overprotection body, education, relationship with the medical practice and knowledge. Conclusions.The methodology used allowed to create a space for mutual recognition and reflection for participants. Prematurity is a significant element, especially in those who suffered major sequelae. Adolescents and youth give a warning on the negative effects caused by overprotective parents and reveal the possibility of redefining the challenges associated with their history of premature birth.