Identification of the P Genotypes of rotavirus in children with acute diarrhea in Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Aims: Acute diarrhea is still one of the major causes of death in children under five years old worldwide, including Indonesia. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Southeast Asia Region shows that acute diarrhea has caused approximately 10-11% of death in children under five years old and rotavirus (RV) is one of the major causes. This study is conducted to identify the profile and P genotypes of RV among children with acute diarrhea in Pekanbaru. Methodology and results: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in children within the range of age 0-60 months with acute diarrhea who admitted to the government clinics and General Hospital of Riau Province from January to July 2015. Immunochrommatography and RT-PCR were used to identify the P genotype of RV from the stool specimens. The profile of patients was investigated including age, sex, hydration and nutritional status, also the exclusive breastfeeding. There were 71 children who suffered from acute diarrhea and 62.0% of stools specimens were positive by RT-PCR for RV infection. The highest rate was in the age group of 6-35 month (70.5%). Most of the patients were female (54.5%), the history of exclusive breastfeeding (54.5%), with moderate dehydration (54.5%) and good nutritional status (97.7%). The RV genotyping results showed the highest proportion was found in the P4 genotype (31.8%), followed by the P8 and P6 genotype, respectively 18.2% and 13.6%, P9 (11.4%), P10 (9.1%), P11 (2.3%) and indeterminate genotype (13.6%). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Rotavirus was found to be a considerable role as the etiology of diarrhea in children under five years in Pekanbaru and rotavirus P4 genotype was predominant. The result of this study is important for designing antigen-antibody diagnostics against RV.

G and P rotavirus genotypes in stool samples from children in Teresina, State of Piauí

A total of 123 stool specimens collected in Teresina, Piauí between 1994 and 1996, from 0 to 2-year-old children with diarrhea, were used for this study. Molecular characterization of the G and P rotavirus genotypes was performed using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The following results were obtained for the P genotypes: P[8] (17. 1 percent), P[1] (4. 9 percent), P[4] (3. 3 percent), P[6, M37] (2. 4 percent) and mixtures (27. 6 percent). The P[1]+P[8] mixture was found in 19. 5 percent of the samples. For the G genotypes, the results were: G1 (25. 2 percent), G5 (13. 8 percent), G2 (2. 5 percent), G4 (2. 5 percent), G9 (0. 8 percent) and mixtures (41. 5 percent). G1+G5 was the mixture most frequently found (12. 1 percent). Our results showed unusual combinations such as P[1]G5 and P[1]+P[8]G5. The high percentage of mixtures and unusual combinations containing mixtures of human and animal rotavirus genotypes strongly suggests the possibility of gene reassortment and interspecies transmission.

Um total de 123 amostras fecais de crianças de 0 a 2 anos com diarréia, coletadas em Teresina, Piauí, entre 1994 e 1996 foi utilizada neste estudo. Para a caracterização molecular dos genótipos G e P de rotavírus, foram realizadas as reações de transcriptase reversa e reação em cadeia pela polimerase. Os seguintes resultados foram obtidos para o genótipo P: P[8] (17,1 por cento), P[1] (4,9 por cento), P[4] (3,3 por cento), P[6, M37] (2,4 por cento) e misturas (27,6 por cento). A mistura P[1]+P[8] foi encontrada em 19,5 por cento das amostras. Para o genótipo G os resultados foram: G1 (25,2 por cento), G5 (13,8 por cento), G2 (2,5 por cento), G4 (2,5 por cento), G9 (0,8 por cento) e misturas (41,5 por cento). A mistura G1+G5 foi a mais freqüentemente encontrada (12,1 por cento). Nossos resultados mostram combinações não usuais como P[1]G5 e P[1]+P[8]G5. A alta porcentagem de misturas e as combinações não usuais contendo misturas de genótipos de rotavirus humanos e animais sugerem fortemente a possibilidade de rearranjo genético e transmissão interspecies.

Enfermedades diarreicas agudas asociadas a rotavirus / Rotavirus associated acute gastroenteritis

Un total de 1163 muestras de heces, fueron recolectadas de niños con enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDA) menores a 5 años del Hospital Albina Patiño y otros centros de salud de la ciudad de Cochabamba en el período 2001-2002. La infección por rotavirus presentó una prevalencia general del 19 % (220) presentándose en un 24% en pacientes hospitalizados y en el 17% (143) en ambulatorios. Las infecciones por rotavirus se presentaron a lo largo de todo el período de estudio, las frecuencias mas altas de infección se observaron en los meses de invierno: abril (24%), mayo (34%) y junio (28%) y las más bajas (8-15%) en los meses de febrero, agosto y septiembre. El análisis de asociación de la infección por rotavirus. con parámetros climáticos, mostró que los picos más altos de infección. correlacionan con la época mas seca y fría. El mayor número de casos de infección por rotavirus se presentó en niños entre 7-12 meses de edad (36,3%). Los síntomas clínicos más comúnmente asociados a la diarrea rotaviral fueron: la deshidratación moderada. seguida de vómitos, y fiebre, siendo la primera más frecuente en pacientes hospitalizados que ambulatorios. El análisis de la distribución de genotipos G y P mediante el ensayo de reverso trascripción (RT-PCR), reveló la presencia de los genotipos G1 (44%), G2(6%) y P[8] (24%), P[6] (IS%). Se observó una coinfección P[8]P[6] en tres muestras (4%) y asociación del genotipo P[6] con los casos de procedencia ambulatoria. En conjunto estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia del rotavirus como causa de las EDA y permiten inferir que las vacunas anti-rotavirales actualmente vigentes, brindarían protección contra las cepas circulantes encontradas en la ciudad de Cochabamba.

In the period of 2001-2002, a total of 1163 fecal samples were collected from children less than five years of age with diarrhea, at the Hospital Albina Patiño and other health centers in Cochabamba city. Rotavirus infection general prevalence was 19 % (220), distributed among hospitalized children 24% (77) and outpatients 17% (143). Rotavirus infections were observed along the whole study period, with highest prevalence in coldest months: April (24 %), May (34%) and June (28%) and lowest frequencies (8-15%) in February, August, and September. Major rotavirus outbreak was significantly associated with the driest and colder season. The highest percentage of rotavirus infections (36,3%) was found among children between 7-12 months of age. Moderate dehydration, vomits and fever were the clinical symptoms more frequently associated with rotavirus acute gastroenteritis, being dehydration more cornmon in hospitalized patients. The distribution of' P and G genotypes analyzed by RT-PCR was: G1 (44%), G2 (6%), P[8] (24%) and P4 (15%). A co-infection P[8]P[6] was observed in 3 samples (4%). Genotype P[6] was found associated to outpatients. These findings, highlight that rotavirus is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis and that any of the currently available vaccines would potentially be protective against circulating strains found in the city of Cochabamba.