Morpho-physiological and phytohormonal changes during the induction of adventitious root development stimulated by exogenous IBA application in Magnolia biondii Pamp / Alterações morfofisiológicas e fito-hormonais durante a indução do desenvolvimento radicular adventício estimulado pela aplicação exógena do AIB em Magnolia biondii Pamp

Magnolia biondii Pamp is an important ornamental tree species widely grown and used as a rootstock in the propagation of different Magnolia varieties. In the current studies, anatomical, physiological and endogenous hormones were studied to check the effect of IBA 750 mg/L on the adventitious rooting and to provide theoretical and technical support for the propagation of Magnolia biondii Pamp through stem cuttings. Two thousand stem cuttings were prepared and divided into two groups i.e., IBA treated cuttings and water control. For the evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activities, and endogenous hormones levels, samples were collected on the day of planting and each 5th day and further steps were carried out in the laboratory according to the protocols and proper precautions. For the anatomical observations, samples were collected on the 13th, 15th, and 17th day for IBA treated cuttings while 21st, 23rd, and 25th day for control. Collected samples were preserved in the FAA solution and further observations were carried out in the laboratory. Anatomical observations showed that it took 13 days for the differentiation of root primordia to the appearance of young adventitious roots in IBA treated cuttings, while it took 21 days to develop primordia in the control. Antioxidant enzyme activities involved in ROS were significantly higher in the IBA treated cuttings compared to control. POD showed a peak on the 13th day before the emergence of roots in IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 21st day in the control. PPO showed a peak on the 21st day in the IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 29th day in the control. SOD showed a peak on the 17th day in IBA treated cuttings, while it showed a peak on the 25th day in the control. Exogenous application of IBA enhanced the endogenous IAA and GA3 levels compared to CK, while it reduced the levels of ABA continuously at the time of rooting and then increased gradually. Inclusively, our study suggests that IBA 750 mg/L is efficient for the rooting of Magnolia biondii Pamp cuttings, as it enhanced the process of antioxidant enzyme activities, endogenous hormones levels and reduced the time of root formation which is evident from the anatomical observations.

Magnolia biondii Pamp é uma importante espécie de árvore ornamental muito cultivada e utilizada como porta-enxerto na propagação de diferentes variedades de Magnolia. Nos estudos atuais, hormônios anatômicos, fisiológicos e endógenos foram estudados para verificar o efeito do AIB na dose de 750 mg / L no enraizamento adventício e fornecer suporte teórico e técnico para a propagação de M. biondii Pamp por meio de estacas. Duas mil estacas foram preparadas e divididas em dois grupos, ou seja, tratadas com AIB e controle de água. Para a avaliação das atividades das enzimas antioxidantes e dos níveis de hormônios endógenos, as amostras foram coletadas no dia do plantio e a cada 5 dias, enquanto as demais etapas foram realizadas em laboratório de acordo com os protocolos e os devidos cuidados. Para as observações anatômicas, as amostras foram coletadas no 13º, 15º e 17º dias para estacas tratadas com AIB e no 21º, 23º e 25º dias para o controle. As amostras coletadas foram preservadas em solução FAA, e outras observações foram realizadas em laboratório. Observações anatômicas mostraram a necessidade de 13 dias para a diferenciação dos primórdios radiculares até o aparecimento de raízes adventícias jovens em estacas tratadas com AIB e de 21 dias para o desenvolvimento dos primórdios no controle. As atividades das enzimas antioxidantes envolvidas nas ROS foram significativamente maiores nas estacas tratadas com AIB em comparação com o controle. A POD apresentou pico no 13º dia antes da emergência das raízes nas estacas tratadas com AIB, enquanto no 21º dia apresentou pico no controle. A PPO teve pico no 21º dia nas estacas tratadas com AIB e no 29º dia no controle. A SOD apresentou pico no 17º dia nas estacas tratadas com AIB e no 25º dia no controle. A aplicação exógena de AIB aumentou os níveis endógenos de IAA e GA3 em relação ao controle, enquanto reduziu os níveis de ABA continuamente no momento do enraizamento e, em seguida, aumentou gradativamente. Inclusive, nosso estudo sugere que o AIB na dose de 750 mg / L é eficiente para o enraizamento de estacas de M. biondii Pamp, visto que potencializou o processo de atividades de enzimas antioxidantes e os níveis de hormônios endógenos, além de reduzir o tempo de formação de raízes, o que fica evidente nas observações anatômicas.

Morpho-physiological and phytohormonal changes during the induction of adventitious root development stimulated by exogenous IBA application in Magnolia biondii Pamp

Abstract Magnolia biondii Pamp is an important ornamental tree species widely grown and used as a rootstock in the propagation of different Magnolia varieties. In the current studies, anatomical, physiological and endogenous hormones were studied to check the effect of IBA 750 mg/L on the adventitious rooting and to provide theoretical and technical support for the propagation of Magnolia biondii Pamp through stem cuttings. Two thousand stem cuttings were prepared and divided into two groups i.e., IBA treated cuttings and water control. For the evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activities, and endogenous hormones levels, samples were collected on the day of planting and each 5th day and further steps were carried out in the laboratory according to the protocols and proper precautions. For the anatomical observations, samples were collected on the 13th, 15th, and 17th day for IBA treated cuttings while 21st, 23rd, and 25th day for control. Collected samples were preserved in the FAA solution and further observations were carried out in the laboratory. Anatomical observations showed that it took 13 days for the differentiation of root primordia to the appearance of young adventitious roots in IBA treated cuttings, while it took 21 days to develop primordia in the control. Antioxidant enzyme activities involved in ROS were significantly higher in the IBA treated cuttings compared to control. POD showed a peak on the 13th day before the emergence of roots in IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 21st day in the control. PPO showed a peak on the 21st day in the IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 29th day in the control. SOD showed a peak on the 17th day in IBA treated cuttings, while it showed a peak on the 25th day in the control. Exogenous application of IBA enhanced the endogenous IAA and GA3 levels compared to CK, while it reduced the levels of ABA continuously at the time of rooting and then increased gradually. Inclusively, our study suggests that IBA 750 mg/L is efficient for the rooting of Magnolia biondii Pamp cuttings, as it enhanced the process of antioxidant enzyme activities, endogenous hormones levels and reduced the time of root formation which is evident from the anatomical observations.

Resumo Magnolia biondii Pamp é uma importante espécie de árvore ornamental muito cultivada e utilizada como porta-enxerto na propagação de diferentes variedades de Magnolia. Nos estudos atuais, hormônios anatômicos, fisiológicos e endógenos foram estudados para verificar o efeito do AIB na dose de 750 mg / L no enraizamento adventício e fornecer suporte teórico e técnico para a propagação de M. biondii Pamp por meio de estacas. Duas mil estacas foram preparadas e divididas em dois grupos, ou seja, tratadas com AIB e controle de água. Para a avaliação das atividades das enzimas antioxidantes e dos níveis de hormônios endógenos, as amostras foram coletadas no dia do plantio e a cada 5 dias, enquanto as demais etapas foram realizadas em laboratório de acordo com os protocolos e os devidos cuidados. Para as observações anatômicas, as amostras foram coletadas no 13º, 15º e 17º dias para estacas tratadas com AIB e no 21º, 23º e 25º dias para o controle. As amostras coletadas foram preservadas em solução FAA, e outras observações foram realizadas em laboratório. Observações anatômicas mostraram a necessidade de 13 dias para a diferenciação dos primórdios radiculares até o aparecimento de raízes adventícias jovens em estacas tratadas com AIB e de 21 dias para o desenvolvimento dos primórdios no controle. As atividades das enzimas antioxidantes envolvidas nas ROS foram significativamente maiores nas estacas tratadas com AIB em comparação com o controle. A POD apresentou pico no 13º dia antes da emergência das raízes nas estacas tratadas com AIB, enquanto no 21º dia apresentou pico no controle. A PPO teve pico no 21º dia nas estacas tratadas com AIB e no 29º dia no controle. A SOD apresentou pico no 17º dia nas estacas tratadas com AIB e no 25º dia no controle. A aplicação exógena de AIB aumentou os níveis endógenos de IAA e GA3 em relação ao controle, enquanto reduziu os níveis de ABA continuamente no momento do enraizamento e, em seguida, aumentou gradativamente. Inclusive, nosso estudo sugere que o AIB na dose de 750 mg / L é eficiente para o enraizamento de estacas de M. biondii Pamp, visto que potencializou o processo de atividades de enzimas antioxidantes e os níveis de hormônios endógenos, além de reduzir o tempo de formação de raízes, o que fica evidente nas observações anatômicas.

Evaluation of domestic wild populations of Artemisia princeps and Artemisia montana suitable for progressing to Mogusa used for moxibustion therapy / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The domestic production of moxa used in Japanese moxibustion therapy has decreased. Therefore, it is assumed that improved productivity of moxa and cultivation of Artemisa princeps Pamp. (Yomogi) is necessary for stable production of moxa. In this study, the production rate of moxa processed from green leaves, its chlorophyll content, maximum temperature of combustion, morphology, and yield of families collected from 127 domestic spots were investigated. They were evaluated to determine which family was suitable for use in moxibustion. As a result of principal component analysis on the morphological evaluation, 22 families were extracted as they were easily harvestable and were produced over a large area. They had a high productivity rate for moxa, and contained more than the standard weight in dry leaves among all the families. It was confirmed that these extracted families included families that have not been used so far in addition to families collected in conventional areas. These results suggest that production using extracted families can improve the domestic production of Artemisa princeps of moxa.

Neolignan Derivatives from the Flower of Magnolia biondii Pamp. and their Effects on IL-2 expression in T-cells

The isolation of the MeOH extract from the flower bud of Magnolia biondii Pamp. using various column chromatographies and HPLC led to eleven neoglignan derivatives (1 - 11). Their structures were mainly determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectral data analysis and physiological methods. The isolated compounds (1 - 11) were tested for anti-allergic effects using IL-2 inhibitory assay in Jurkat T cells.

Pigmentation Effect of Electromagnetic Fields at Various Intensities to Melanocytes

Melanogenesis is the biological process that results in the synthesis of skin pigment of melanin and it has various functions in living systems and is synthesized by the melanosome within the melanocytes. A variety of physical treatments are used to promote melanin production in the melanocytes for pigmentation control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intensity-dependent effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on melanogenesis by melanocytes in vitro. Melanocytes were exposed to ELF-EMFs at a frequency of 50 Hz and at intensities in the range of 0.5–20 G over 4 days. The results of lactate dehydrogenase assay showed that there were no significant differences between cells exposed to 0.5 G or 2 G groups and the controls. The melanin contents increased 1.2–1.5-fold in cells exposed to ELF-EMFs and tyrosinase activity increased 1.3-fold in cells exposed to ELF-EMFs, relative to the controls. Also, exposure to ELF-EMFs was associated with activation in cyclic-AMP response element binding protein and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was up-regulated. Up-regulation of MITF induces the expression of melanogenesis-related markers, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2. In conclusion, the present study showed that the exposure to ELF-EMFs at low intensities can stimulate melanogenesis in melanocyte, and these results may be used to a therapeutic devices for inducing repigmentation in vitiligo patients.

Chemical constituents from the flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Magnolia biondii. Pamp. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40, silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC and so on. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical properties. RESULTS: Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as 4-O-β-Z)-glucopyranosylvanillic acid(1), tachinoside(2), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (3), caffeic acid(4), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(5), benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), benzyl-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(7), syringin(8), vanillic acid glucosyl ester(9), vanillic acid(10), 1'-(3, 4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)cyclopentane-2', 3'-diol(11), scopolin (12), 7-methoxycoumarin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(13), and scopoletin(14). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-9 and 11-13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Seleção, caracterização e clonagem dos genes fljB e groEL agonistas dos receptores de reconhecimento de padrão do sistema imune inato das aves / Selection, characterization and cloning of the fljB and groEL genes agonists of the innate immune system pattern recognition receptors of birds

The recombinant production of innate immune system pattern recognition receptor agonists has provided a new tool for the production of immunostimulants for animals. The molecular pattern associated with the pathogen (PAMP), flagellin, coded by the fljB gene from Salmonella Typhimirium, and the molecular pattern associated to the damage (DAMP), HSP60, coded by the groEL gene from S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system of birds. In the present study, we performed the cloning of genetic fragments of the genes fljB, from S. Typhimurium, and groEL from S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis inserted in expression vector pET100/D-TOPO and transformed in E. coli TO10 cells. The clones were evaluated by colony PCR, plasmidial DNA PCR and genome sequencing in order to confirm the presence of these genes. In the colony PCR, we identified the presence of genes groEL (S. Enteritidis), groEL (S. Typhimurium) and fljB (S. Typhimurium) in 80%, 60% and 80% of the transformed colonies, respectively. The cloning system adopted allowed the production of HSP60 genetic fragment clones and flagellin of Salmonella strains, allowing the posterior use of these clones in gene expression trials, with the future potential of being used as non-specific immunostimulants for birds.

A produção recombinante de agonistas dos receptores do reconhecimento de padrão do sistema imune inato tem fornecido uma nova ferramenta para a produção de imunoestimulantes para animais. O padrão molecular associado ao patógeno (PAMP), flagelina, codificado pelo gene fljB de Salmonella Typhimurium e o padrão molecular associado ao dano (DAMP) HSP60, codificado pelo gene groEL da S. Typhimurium e S. Enteritidis, são reconhecidos por receptores de reconhecimento de padrões (RRPs) do sistema imune inato das aves. No presente estudo, foi feita a clonagem de fragmentos genéticos dos genes fljB de S. Typhimurium e groEL de S. Typhimurium e S. Enteritidis inseridos no vetor de expressão pET100/D-TOPO e transformados em células de E. coli TOP10. Os clones foram avaliados pela PCR de colônia, PCR de DNA plasmidial e sequenciamento genômico para a confirmação da presença desses genes. Na PCR de colônia, foram identificadas em 80%, 60% e 80% das colônias transformadas, a presença dos genes groEL (S. Enteritidis), groEL (S. Typhimurium) e fljB (S. Typhimurium) respectivamente. O sistema de clonagem adotado possibilitou a produção de clones dos fragmentos genéticos da HSP60 e flagelina das cepas de Salmonella, permitindo a utilização posterior desses clones em ensaios de expressão gênica, com potencial futuro de serem utilizados como imunoestimulante inespecífico das aves.

Assessment of anti-inflammatory effect of standard Magnolia biondii oil / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and acute toxicity of standard Magnolia biondii Pamp oil (SMBO). METHODS: The anti-inflammatory effect of SMBO was evaluated in five experimental animal models, including xylene-in-duced mice ear edema, carrageenin-induced rat hind paw edema, histamine-induced rat vascular permeability, cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma formation, and guinea pig schneiderian membrane immuno-inflammation. In addition, the 7-day acute oral toxicity of SMBO was evaluated. RESULTS: Pretreatment with a single dose of SMBO produced significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects on xylene-induced mice ear edema, carrageenin-induced rat hind paw edema, histamine-induced rat vascular permeability, cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma formation, and guinea pig schneiderian membrane immuno-inflammation. In addition, a single oral dose of SMBO at 2.5 g · kg-1 body weight produced no observable acute toxicity in mice within seven days. CONCLUSION: SMBO possesses potent anti-inflammatory effect and has no observable acute oral toxicity, and the mechanism may be related with the inhibition of multi-inflammatory mediators and inflammatory hyperplasia.

A Key Component Determination on Forming Fairy Tofu from the Leaf of Premna Puberula (Verbenaceae).

A key component of Fairy Tofu from leaves of Premna puberula Pamp. was determined by immediate constituent analysis and prescription dismantlement analysis. The results showed that pectin in leaves of P. puberula was the key component as forming Fairy Tofu. It was because the highest component was pectin in Fairy Tofu except water, the pectin extracting directly from the leaves of P. puberula could be formed the jelly like Fairy Tofu, and the leaves which pectin was hydrolyzed by pectinase could not be made Fairy Tofu.

<b>Domestic Selection of </b><b><i>Artemisia princeps Pamp </i></b><b>Appropriate for Japanese Moxibustion </b> / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Traditionally, the raw moxa material for moxibustion has been sourced from domestic production in Japan.However, imports of Chinese <i>Artemisia princeps Pamp </i>(<i>A. princeps Pamp</i>) have been increasing because of a decrease in domestic <i>A. princeps Pamp </i>for moxa products in recent years. There is a possibility that Japanese sourced moxibustion may become difficult to do because of a shortage of domestic production in the near future. Therefore 15 kinds of <i>A. princeps Pamp </i>were collected in Niigata Pref. known its source of <i>A. princeps Pamp</i>, and these were grown at the Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences at Chiba Univ. to develop a domestic gardening cultivation system. This report is on investigative results with the first selection, with leaf area as an index.<br>As a result, when leaf area per1m of stalk length was calculated using the inter-joints length and the leaf area, the largest pieces averaged 3004.6 cm² and the smallest pieces were 1134.4 cm². It is thought that the larger the leaf area per measured stalk length, the more the yield per measured area of the field, since the raw material of moxa is made from dried <i>A. princeps Pamp </i>leaves. Therefore, we believe excellent <i>A. princeps Pamp </i>for moxa has resulted from research.

Trends in adjuvant development for vaccines: DAMPs and PAMPs as potential new adjuvants

Aluminum salts have been widely used in vaccine formulations and, after their introduction more than 80 years ago, only few vaccine formulations using new adjuvants were developed in the last two decades. Recent advances in the understanding of how innate mechanisms influence the adaptive immunity opened up the possibility for the development of new adjuvants in a more rational design. The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in this field regarding the attempts to determine the molecular basis and the general mechanisms underlying the development of new adjuvants, with particular emphasis on the activation of receptors of innate immune recognition. One can anticipate that the use of these novel adjuvants will also provide a window of opportunities for the development of new vaccines.

Proinflammatory signal transduction pathway induced by Shigella flexneri porins in caco-2 cells / Via de transdução de sinal pró-inflamatória induzida por porinas de Shigella flexneri em células caco-2

The recognition of bacterial components on the intestinal epithelial cells occurs through the toll-like receptors and is followed by the induction of an effective innate immune response. We analyzed receptor expression and signaling pathways involved in activation of human colon adenocarcinoma cells after stimulation with porins and LPS of Shigella flexneri. We also analyzed the expression and production of some cytokines, of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, of antimicrobial peptides human ²-defensins, and of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase. Our data demonstrate that TLR2 is involved in porin recognition, whereas TLR4 with MD2, is required for LPS recognition.

O reconhecimento de componentes bacterianos nas células epiteliais intestinais ocorre através de receptores toll-like e é seguido de indução de uma resposta imune inata efetiva. Neste estudo foram analisadas as vias de expressão do receptor e sinalização envolvidas na ativação de células humanas de adenocarcinoma do colon após a estimulação com porinas e LPS de Shigella flexneri. Foram também analisadas a expressão e produção de algumas citoquinas, da molécula -1 de adesão intercelular, de ²-defensinas humanas a peptídios antimicrobianos e da forma indutível de oxido nítrico sintase. Os resultados demonstraram que TLR-2 está envolvido no reconhecimento de porinas, enquanto TLR4 com MD2 é necessário para o reconhecimento de LPS.

Activation of Innate Immune System During Viral Infection: Role of Pattern-recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Viral Infection

Innate immunity and adaptive immunity are two major immune responses against pathogens. Innate immunity is responsible for the immediate immune response to pathogens. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) play an important role in innate immune response. PRRs recognize regular patterns of molecule structure known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Among the PRRs, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors (DAI) display key roles in response to viral infections. This article reviews how viral infections activate PRR-PAMP signal pathways and how viruses evade immune responses elicited by PRR signal pathways.

Study on Moxibustion: Elucidation of Characteristics of Moxa / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The scientific basis of moxibustion using moxa was investigated, focusing on the characteristics and thermal stimulation properties of moxa, its biochemical characteristics and actions, and morphological changes in skin tissue treated with moxibustion. The presentations by and viewpoints of the symposists are outlined below:<BR>1) Characteristics and thermal stimulation properties of moxa:The thermal stimulation properties of Artemisia princes Pamp., moxa, materials other than Artemisia princes Pamp., and materials similar to moxa were presented. Re-investigation of the results of common views of Artemisia princes Pamp. and moxa by experiments and a survey were also presented. <BR>2) Biochemical characteristics and actions of moxa:Chemical substances contained in Artemisia princes Pamp. and moxa, and diverse physiological actions of moxa, such as an anti-oxidative stress action, signal transduction, activation of energy metabolism, and anti-inflammatory action, were presented with viewpoints. In addition, biochemical actions were reviewed based on the extraction of new chemical components. <BR>3) Morphological changes in skin tissue treated with moxibustion:Moxibustion-induced morphological changes in the epidermis, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve tissue were presented. Regarding skin tissue regeneration, viewpoints were presented, emphasizing that actions of corneocytes and fibroblasts are particularly important, in addition to revascularization, nerve fibers are not regenerated unless the skin tissue is repaired to a certain degree.

Toxicity tests of Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the acute toxicity, subacute toxicity, nasal membrane local toxicity of the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome. Methods Kunming mice and SD rats were selected as experimental material. Kunming mice were used in the acute and subacute toxicity tests by intragastric administration of Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome with different dosage and different time, and SD rats were used in the nasal membrane local toxicity test by nose dropping, while the control group was treated with intragastric administration of or nose dropping with normal saline for the same dosage. The treatment course lasted fifteen days. At the end of the tests, the general condition, routine blood test, function index of live and kidney, organ humid weight index, histological changes of liver and kidney and ultra microstructure change of rat nasal membrane were obtained and compared with the control group. Results In the acute toxicity test, the daily maximum tolerant dosage by intragastric administration was equal to 222.7 times of the clinical routine, with no marked toxic reaction. In the subacute toxicity test, the general condition, blood test, organ humid weight index and histological changes of live and kidney in different dosage groups were similar to the control group. While in the function index of live and kidney, uric acid was stepped down in the middle and large dose groups, and total bilirubin was decreased in the large dose group. The nasal membrane local toxicity test revealed that there was little change in the ultra microstructure of rat nasal membrane.Conclusion The Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome may have little toxicity by intragastric administration and nose dropping.

Pharmacologic action of the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the pharmacologic action of the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome. MethodsThe pharmacologic action of the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome was evaluated by observing its effect on Jimpy mice with swelling ear,capillary permeability and rats with allergic symptoms. Results The Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil nanometer bangosome could significantly relieve the degree of swelling in Jimpy mice extended by p-xylene,inhibit the increased capillary permeability in Jimpy mice extended by HAC,and combat the symptoms of rhinocnesmus,sneezing,nasal discharge with a better effect than the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil. Conclusion The Magnolia biondii Pamp Volatile oil nanometer bangosome has a good anti-inflammation and anti-hypersensitiveness effect,which upgrades the effect of the Magnolia biondii Pamp volatile oil.

Influence of Magnolia Biondii Pamp Volotile Oil Nanometer on Nasal Membrane and Clliary / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the toxicity of nasal membreane and ciliary of the Magnolia biondii Pamp volotile oil nanometer bangosome.Methods Toad palate and rat nasal membrane were used as experimental material,physiological saline and hydrochloride ephedrine as negative control.The Magnolia biondii Pamp volotile oil nanometer bangosome on ciliary movement were carried out using in vitro and electron microscope technique.Results The Magnolia biondii Pamp volotile oil nanometer bangosome had little cilitoxicity to toad palate and rat nasal membrane.Conc(?)sion The Magnolia biondii Pamp volotile oil nanometer bangosome had little cilitoxicity to membrane.

Recent Advance on Cellular Signal Transduction in Response to Virus Infections / 生物化学与生物物理进展

How the hosts recognize and clear invading viruses is one of the key issues in molecular immunology. Previous studies uncovered that many early antiviral proteins, such as Type Ⅰ interferons and PKR, are strongly induced upon virus infection. These proteins not only limit virus replication and spread or cause infected cells to undergo apoptosis, but also induce consequently expression of cytokines and chemokines to initiate acquired immunity. However, the immediate-early signaling events among host and virus interaction were largely unknown. In the past few years, there are great breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field. TLR3 and RIG-I/MDA5 signaling pathways were shown to play a crucial regulatory role in antiviral processes. These pathways are essential for the vertebrate immune system to recognize and clear RNA virus with different strategies, which are integral parts of innate immune response and directly affect later-stage acquired immunity. The recent know-how on TLR3 and RIG-I/MDA5 signal transduction pathways and their roles in antiviral immunity were summarized.

Comparative study of Aretemisia princeps Pamp. grown in Japan and China / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

Microstructure and elemental composition of dried <I>Artemisa princeps</I> Pamp. (Yomogi) leaves produced in Japan and China were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Trichomes and T-foem hairs were found in higher density on the reverse side of the leaf of Yomogi. Cilium hairs were observed in Japanese Yomogi, while those in Chinese Yomogi, were distributed. Concentrations of K, Ca, Si and Cl were determined in plant fibers of the trichome in both Yomogi. In the head-style hairs of Japanese Yomogi, K, Ca, and Cl, S, P, Si were found, while K, Ca, Si, S, Mg and Fe were observed in the Chinese Yomogi.<BR>These results suggest that there were differences in morphological and elemental composition between Japanese and Chinese dried Yomogi leaves. These differences will affect the moxa quality even after the purifying process.