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Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and thyroid disordersare the most common endocrine disorders and growingproblem in our country. We have observed that many diabetesmellitus patients are associated with thyroid dysfunction.However, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in thesepatients has not been investigated. We conducted this study tostudy the proportion of Thyroid dysfunction in patients withtype 2 Diabetes.Materials and methods: The current study was a prospective,cross-sectional study. All the type-2 Diabetic patients andnormal subjects with no diabetes attended to the outpatientclinic and admitted in the General Medicine departmentat Kasturba hospital, Manipal was considered as the studypopulation. After obtaining informed written consent, astructured questionnaire was used to analyse the patient’s chiefcomplaints, General and local examination was performedby measuring BMI, waist circumference. Lab investigationswere recorded. Analysis based on patient’s lab values for FBS,PPBS, HbA1C AND TSH, LIPID PROFILE.Results: The mean age of subjects in cases was 55.98 ±11.19 years and it was 54.54 ± 10.08 years in controls. Thedifference in the proportion of gender between study groupswas statistically not significant, the difference in weight andBMI between the two groups was statistically significant.There was no statistically significant difference in cholesterol,triglyceride, LDL between two groups. The difference in theproportion of thyroid dysfunction between the two groups wasstatistically significant.Conclusion: The present study showed a high prevalence ofthyroid dysfunctions in patients of type 2 DM.
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Background: To study the health and efficiency of the more up to date oral hypoglycemic specialist sitagliptin in the executives of sort 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In our examination authors have enlisted 250 patients who met our investigation criteria of which authors ordered dependent on age and lab information, most of patients in the age bunch between 45-55 years (n=97, 39.2%), the RBS was diminished to Comparatively estimations of RBS, FBS, PPBS, HbA1C were decreased in follow up than benchmark esteem.Methods: This simultaneous observational investigation was done when all is said in done department of General Medicine of Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha for a time of 6 months in which type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled dependent on incorporation and avoidance criteria and were pursued to assess the adequacy and security of sitagliptin. Information was dissected by utilizing chart cushion crystal understudy T-test.Results: Authors can presume that sitagliptin use was not related with any dangers and is compelling in the board of Type 2 diabetics, treatment with sitagliptin gave clinically significant decreases in HbA1C, RBS, FBS, PPBS by utilizing this investigation authors realize that gliptins are considerably more protected and powerful in the treatment of sort 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: Treatment with sitagliptin provided clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1C, RBS, FBS, PPBS by using this study authors know that sitagliptins are much more safe and effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is most important cause of legal blindness between 20-70yr age group. The effect of prolonged hyperglycemia can be measured with the help of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Intensive glycemic control had been proved to be effective in decreasing incidence rate of development and progression of DR in type 1 and type 2 DM. The present prospective study was conducted on 110 cases of DR which shows highly significant correlation (P<0.001) between HbA1c level and severity of diabetic retinopathy stages. However, among values of blood glucose level post prandial showed significant correlation (P-value<0.002) and whereas no significant correlation established in case of fasting values of blood glucose. (P>0.179). Thus our study revealed that PPBS has a closer association with HbA1c and better predictor for overall glycemic control.
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The principal aim of drug utilisation studies (DUS) is to facilitate the rational use of drug in a population.DUS is an essential part of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomic as it describes the extent,nature and determinants of drug exposure. Diabetes at present appears as a common non communicable disease. It leads to high morbidity and mortality due to the disease itself and its diverse complications like coronary artery disease, hypertension, renal complication, retinal damage, neurological disorders, incidence of stroke at different sites, generalised infections etc. With such multifactorial background of high prevalence , progressive nature of the disease, availability of multiple therapeutic regimens prescribed on trial and error basis, the treatment is individualised and neither complete nor satisfactory. Objectives: This study was undertaken to analyse the current prescribing pattern in obese patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with regard to drug/drugs precription ,dose, duration of treatment and frequency of change of drugs. Methods: This is a prospective, parallel group, comparitive observational study. The enrolled obese patients were divided as a)New diabetic b) Old diabetic(<3 years duration). Each category was further divided into four subgroups according to the treatment recieved a)Monotherapy-only Metformin b)Combination therapy- Metformin+another antidiabetic groups,preferably sulfonylureas, alphaglucosidase inhibitors or DPP 4 inhibitors c)Triple therapy( Metformin+SU+Voglibose or Gliptins or Glitazones) d)Insulin with other oral hypoglycemic drugs. Results: In the study of prescribing pattern, it was observed that most prescriptions in this tertiary care hospital were found to be in compliance with the ADA guidelines. Metformin monotherapy was prescribed as initial treatment. Sulphonylureas/ Gliptins / Alpha glucosidase inhibitors/ thiazolidinediones were used as second line therapy mostly anyone, in addition to metformin or as monotherapy according to patient requirement, tolerability and cost.Conclusions: The antidiabetic medications prescribed in this hospital,were found to be in compliance with ADA guidelines with metformin being the first line of treatment followed by sulfonylureas and alphaglucosidase inhibitors
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Background: The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the world. India is not an exception. Alteration of serum lipids & complications is significant in diabetics which lead to micro and macrovascular diseases. Aims & Objective: To know the lipid profile pattern in diabetic patients.To identify high risk group so that they can be treated early for preventing complications. Method: Total 200 OPD & indoor diabetic patients visiting at Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar from June 2014 to May 2015 were selected using certain criteria. Results:Type I patients have onset of Diabetes at an early age with longer duration but they have normal lipid profile. Type 2 patients have onset of Diabetes at late age but they have elevated levels of Triglyceride, Cholesterol, LDL, VLDL with low HDL. Obesity is common in NIDDM.Females having higher lipid profile values than males. Uncontrolled Diabetic patients are more dyslipidemic. Interpretation & Conclusion: Type 1 diabetic patients have longer duration of disease. Type 2 diabetic patients having altered profile, having more risk for complications like atherosclerosis, Coronary Heart Disease etc. Control of Diabetes is necessary for controlling lipid profile & complications.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulmonary functions in patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus and to determine their correlation with glycemic status of diabetes in Indian population. Forty Type-2 diabetic patients, aged 30-60 years, with diabetic duration of 1-20 years, were included in the study. FVC, FEV1, & FEV1% are recorded by Benedict’s Roth spirometer. PEFR and MEP were recorded by Wright’s Peak flow meter & Modified Black’s apparatus. Glycemic status of subjects was determined by FBS & PPBS by Glucose oxidase & peroxidase methods. And results were analyzed by calculating Mean±SD, using Student’s t test, and Pearson correlation. All the respiratory parameters are reduced in Type- 2 diabetic patients compared to control of which FEV1, FEV1%, & MEP show very highly significant reduction (P=0.000). Lung functions are negatively correlated with glycemic status & duration of diabetes. (r = – 0.390, & –0.342) Reduction in dynamic lung functions and its negative correlation to glycemic status might be due to respiratory muscle weakness as indicated by highly significant reduction in MEP. Hence strict glycemic control and breathing exercises to strengthen the respiratory muscles may improve lung function in diabetics.