RESUMO
Introducción: El suicidio es la tercera causa de muerte de jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años. Ante esto, los ambientes escolares pueden favorecer el fomento de la salud mental de los adolescentes, permitir la identificación temprana de factores de riesgo y aportar en la prevención de conductas suicidas. Una de las estrategias de prevención es el entrenamiento de "gatekeepers". Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del programa "Abriendo Puertas para la Vida" sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en prevención de conductas suicidas en un grupo de profesores de secundaria de una institución educativa de San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio preexperimental, con un grupo de intervención y medidas pre y pos-seguimiento. Participaron nueve docentes voluntarios durante dos jornadas de formación. Resultados: Se identificaron cambios positivos en conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los participantes entre pretest y postest, en la mayoría de las subdimensiones evaluadas; sin embargo, tres años después, estos cambios se mantuvieron tan solo en conocimientos sobre las conductas suicidas y en actitudes hacia la prevención. Conclusión: El programa "Abriendo Puertas para la Vida" evidenció efectividad y pertinencia, sin embargo, el mantenimiento de sus efectos requiere de acciones de seguimiento y acompañamiento a los docentes formados.
Introduction: Suicide is the third cause of death in young people aged between 15 to 19 years. Thus, school environments can promote mental health of adolescents through early identification of risk factors and prevention of suicidal behaviors. One prevention strategy is the training of "gatekeepers". Objective: To determine the impact of the "Opening Doors to Life" program on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding prevention of suicidal behavior in a set of high school teachers from an educational institution in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. Materials and methods: A pre-experimental study with an intervention group and pre- and post-follow-up measurements. Nine volunteer teachers participated during two training sessions. Results: Positive changes regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the participants during pretest and posttest were observed for the majority of evaluated sub-dimensions. However, after three years, the positive measures prevailed only for knowledge about suicidal behavior and attitudes toward prevention. Conclusion: The "Opening Doors to Life" program showed effectiveness and relevance. However, maintaining its impact requires follow-up actions and support of trained teachers.
Introdução: O suicídio é a terceira causa de morte de jovens entre 15 e 19 anos. Diante disso, os ambientes escolares podem promover a promoção da saúde mental em adolescentes, permitir a identificação precoce de fatores de risco e contribuir para a prevenção do comportamento suicida. Uma das estratégias de prevenção é a formação de "gatekeepers". Objetivo: Determinar o efeito do programa "Abrindo Portas para a Vida" nos conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas na prevenção do comportamento suicida em um grupo de professores do ensino médio de uma instituição educacional em San Juan de Pasto, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo pré-experimental, com grupo de intervenção e medidas pré e pós-acompanhamento. Nove professores voluntários participaram durante dois dias de treinamento. Resultados: Foram identificadas mudanças positivas nos conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos participantes entre o pré-teste e o pós-teste, na maioria das subdimensões avaliadas; porém, três anos depois, essas mudanças se mantiveram apenas no conhecimento sobre comportamentos suicidas e atitudes frente à prevenção. Conclusão: O programa "Abrindo Portas para a Vida" mostrou efetividade e relevância, porém, a manutenção de seus efeitos requer ações de acompanhamento e apoio a professores capacitados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Suicídio , PsicologiaRESUMO
Los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo constituyen motivo de preocupación para la comunidad científica, avalado por su efecto negativo en la vida de los trabajadores y la productividad de las empresas. En el proceso de fundición de metales, los moldeadores manuales con pisón neumático exteriorizan manifestaciones de estas afecciones. Ello indujo a realizar una investigación que tuvo como objetivo elaborar un programa de Gimnasia Laboral para contribuir a la atención de los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos en los moldeadores manuales metalúrgicos. Para recopilar, analizar y procesar los datos se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemático-estadísticos, entre ellos el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural-funcional, la observación participante, encuesta, entrevista, revisión documental, el experimento, criterio de usuarios y la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. La población objeto de estudio estuvo conformada por 19 moldeadores manuales metalúrgicos, seleccionados de forma intencional. El diagnóstico y la sistematización teórica alcanzada posibilitaron elaborar un programa de Gimnasia Laboral, en correspondencia con los requerimientos del proceso de moldeo, cuya efectividad fue constatada.
As lesões músculo-esqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho são motivo de preocupação para a comunidade científica, sustentadas pelos seus efeitos negativos na vida dos trabalhadores e na produtividade das empresas. No processo de fundição do metal, os moldadores manuais com compactador pneumático externalizam as manifestações dessas condições. Isso originou uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo desenvolver um programa de Ginástica Laboral para contribuir no cuidado de lesões osteomusculares em moldadores manuais metalúrgicos. Para coletar, analisar e tratar os dados foram utilizados métodos teóricos, empíricos e matemático-estatísticos, incluindo histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, indutivo-dedutivo, sistêmico-estrutural-funcional, observação participante, levantamento, entrevista, revisão documental, o experimento, critérios de usuário e estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. A população em estudo foi composta por 19 modeladores manuais metalúrgicos, selecionados intencionalmente. O diagnóstico e a sistematização teórica conseguidos permitiram desenvolver um programa de Ginástica Laboral, em correspondência com as exigências do processo de moldagem, cuja eficácia foi verificada.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a cause of concern for the scientific community, supported by their negative effect on the lives of workers and the productivity of companies. In the metal casting process, manual molders with pneumatic tamper externalize manifestations of these conditions. This led to carrying out a research that aimed to develop a Labor Gymnastics program to contribute to the care of musculoskeletal disorders in metallurgical manual shapers. To collect, analyze and process the data, theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were used, including historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural-functional, participant observation, survey, interview, documentary review, the experiment, user criteria and descriptive and inferential statistics. The population under study was made up of 19 metallurgical manual shapers, intentionally selected. The diagnosis and theoretical systematization achieved made it possible to develop a Labor Gymnastics program, in correspondence with the requirements of the molding process, whose effectiveness was verified.
RESUMO
El síndrome metabólico (SM) se previene controlando sus factores de riesgo, el programa de reforma de vida (PRV) busca el control y regulación de estos. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto del PRV. Materiales y métodos: Investigación aplicativo, longitudinal, prospectivo, diseño longitudinal, inductivo y deductivo, en una población inicial de 104 trabajadores de una universidad del Perú, la población final fue 31 quienes completaron el programa, los factores de riesgo fueron evaluados por un laboratorista clínico, se utilizó fichas de recolección y se procesó con el programa SPSS V.26, prueba de Wilcoxon y T de Student según el criterio de normalidad. Resultados: el PRV disminuye los niveles de triglicéridos, promedio antes 235,6 mg/dl y después 196,1 mg/dl, no se evidencio efectos positivos en el resto de los factores de riesgo. En personas con algún factor de riesgo el PRV impacto positivamente; antes del PRV 2 personas tenían la glucosa >= a 100 mg/dl y después del PRV 1, en cuanto al perímetro abdominal ≥ 90cm M, ≥ 80cm F antes (30), después (19), presión arterial ≥130/85 mmHg antes (06), después (0), triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/dl antes (30), después (17), C-HDL < 40 M < 50 F antes (29), después (24). Con un p valor de 0,004 el PRV disminuye los niveles de triglicéridos. Conclusión: En la población en general el PRV disminuye el nivel de triglicéridos; en personas con algún factor de riesgo el PRV controla y regula todos los factores SM
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is prevented by controlling its risk factors; the lifestyle reform program (LRP) seeks to control and regulate them. Objective: to evaluate the impact of the LRP. Materials and methods: Applied, longitudinal, prospective, longitudinal, inductive and deductive design, in an initial population of 104 workers of a Peruvian university, the final population was 31 who completed the program, the risk factors were evaluated by a clinical laboratorist, collection cards were used and processed with the SPSS V.26 program, Wilcoxon and Student's t-test according to the normality criterion. Results: the PRV decreases triglyceride levels, average before 235,6 mg/dl and after 196,1 mg/dl; no positive effects were evidenced in the rest of the risk factors. In people with some risk factor the PRV had a positive impact; before the PRV 2 people had glucose >= 100mg/dl and after the PRV 1, regarding abdominal perimeter ≥ 90cm M, ≥ 80cm F before (30), after (19), blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg before (06), after (0), triglycerides ≥ 150mg/dl before (30), after (17), C-HDL < 40 M < 50 F before (29), after (24). With a p value of 0,004 the PRV decreases triglyceride levels. Conclusion: In the general population the PRV decreases the triglyceride level; in people with some risk factor the PRV controls and regulates all the SM factors
A síndrome metabólica (SM) é prevenida através do controlo dos seus factores de risco, o programa de reforma do estilo de vida (PRV) visa o seu controlo e regulação. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do PRV. Materiais e métodos: Investigação aplicada, longitudinal, prospetiva, longitudinal, desenho indutivo e dedutivo, numa população inicial de 104 trabalhadores de uma universidade do Peru, a população final foi de 31 que completaram o programa, os factores de risco foram avaliados por um laboratorista clínico, foram utilizadas fichas de recolha e processadas com o programa SPSS V.26, teste de Wilcoxon e teste t de Student de acordo com o critério de normalidade. Resultados: O PRV reduz os níveis de triglicéridos, em média antes 235,6 mg/dl e depois 196,1 mg/dl, não se evidenciando efeitos positivos nos restantes factores de risco. Em pessoas com algum fator de risco o PRV teve um impacto positivo; antes do PRV 2 pessoas tinham glicose >= 100 mg/dl e depois do PRV 1, quanto ao perímetro abdominal ≥90cm M, ≥ 80 cm F antes (30), depois (19), pressão arterial ≥ 130/85 mmHg antes (06), depois (0), triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/dl antes (30), depois (17), C-HDL < 40 M < 50 F antes (29), depois (24). Com um p-value de 0,004 o PRV diminui os níveis de triglicéridos. Conclusão: Na população em geral, o PRV diminui os níveis de triglicéridos; em pessoas com alguns factores de risco, o PRV controla e regula todos os factores da SM
RESUMO
El síndrome metabólico (SM) se previene controlando sus factores de riesgo, el programa de reforma de vida (PRV) busca el control y regulación de estos. Objetivo: evaluar el impacto del PRV. Materiales y métodos: Investigación aplicativo, longitudinal, prospectivo, diseño longitudinal, inductivo y deductivo, en una población inicial de 104 trabajadores de una universidad del Perú, la población final fue 31 quienes completaron el programa, los factores de riesgo fueron evaluados por un laboratorista clínico, se utilizó fichas de recolección y se procesó con el programa SPSS V.26, prueba de Wilcoxon y T de Student según el criterio de normalidad. Resultados: el PRV disminuye los niveles de triglicéridos, promedio antes 235,6 mg/dl y después 196,1 mg/dl, no se evidencio efectos positivos en el resto de los factores de riesgo. En personas con algún factor de riesgo el PRV impacto positivamente; antes del PRV 2 personas tenían la glucosa >= a 100 mg/dl y después del PRV 1, en cuanto al perímetro abdominal ≥ 90cm M, ≥ 80cm F antes (30), después (19), presión arterial ≥130/85 mmHg antes (06), después (0), triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/dl antes (30), después (17), C-HDL < 40 M < 50 F antes (29), después (24). Con un p valor de 0,004 el PRV disminuye los niveles de triglicéridos. Conclusión: En la población en general el PRV disminuye el nivel de triglicéridos; en personas con algún factor de riesgo el PRV controla y regula todos los factores SM.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is prevented by controlling its risk factors; the lifestyle reform program (LRP) seeks to control and regulate them. Objective: to evaluate the impact of the LRP. Materials and methods: Applied, longitudinal, prospective, longitudinal, inductive and deductive design, in an initial population of 104 workers of a Peruvian university, the final population was 31 who completed the program, the risk factors were evaluated by a clinical laboratorist, collection cards were used and processed with the SPSS V.26 program, Wilcoxon and Student's t-test according to the normality criterion. Results: the PRV decreases triglyceride levels, average before 235,6 mg/dl and after 196,1 mg/dl; no positive effects were evidenced in the rest of the risk factors. In people with some risk factor the PRV had a positive impact; before the PRV 2 people had glucose >= 100mg/dl and after the PRV 1, regarding abdominal perimeter ≥ 90cm M, ≥ 80cm F before (30), after (19), blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg before (06), after (0), triglycerides ≥ 150mg/dl before (30), after (17), C-HDL < 40 M < 50 F before (29), after (24). With a p value of 0,004 the PRV decreases triglyceride levels. Conclusion: In the general population the PRV decreases the triglyceride level; in people with some risk factor the PRV controls and regulates all the SM factors.
A síndrome metabólica (SM) é prevenida através do controlo dos seus factores de risco, o programa de reforma do estilo de vida (PRV) visa o seu controlo e regulação. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do PRV. Materiais e métodos: Investigação aplicada, longitudinal, prospetiva, longitudinal, desenho indutivo e dedutivo, numa população inicial de 104 trabalhadores de uma universidade do Peru, a população final foi de 31 que completaram o programa, os factores de risco foram avaliados por um laboratorista clínico, foram utilizadas fichas de recolha e processadas com o programa SPSS V.26, teste de Wilcoxon e teste t de Student de acordo com o critério de normalidade. Resultados: O PRV reduz os níveis de triglicéridos, em média antes 235,6 mg/dl e depois 196,1 mg/dl, não se evidenciando efeitos positivos nos restantes factores de risco. Em pessoas com algum fator de risco o PRV teve um impacto positivo; antes do PRV 2 pessoas tinham glicose >= 100 mg/dl e depois do PRV 1, quanto ao perímetro abdominal ≥90cm M, ≥ 80 cm F antes (30), depois (19), pressão arterial ≥ 130/85 mmHg antes (06), depois (0), triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/dl antes (30), depois (17), C-HDL < 40 M < 50 F antes (29), depois (24). Com um p-value de 0,004 o PRV diminui os níveis de triglicéridos. Conclusão: Na população em geral, o PRV diminui os níveis de triglicéridos; em pessoas com alguns factores de risco, o PRV controla e regula todos os factores da SM.
RESUMO
Lucía Vivanco Muñoz es terapeuta ocupacional, egresada de la Universidad de Chile en 1983 y una de las primeras en incursionar en la Terapia Ocupacional social y comunitaria en Chile. En esta entrevista, realizada por su colega Débora Grandón, analiza el desarrollo de la Terapia Ocupacional social y comunitaria a través de su incursión, a finales de la década de 1980 y durante los años 90, en áreas no tradicionales de la Terapia Ocupacional, como el acompañamiento a personas viviendo con VIH-SIDA, la desinstitucionalización de niñeces vulneradas y la reinserción en sus familias y comunidades. También, colaboró en el diseño de políticas públicas para la superación de la pobreza desde el Estado chileno y en otros países, en su rol de consultora para el Banco Mundial. Actualmente, es académica de la Escuela de Terapia Ocupacional en la Universidad de Santiago de Chile -USACH. Esta experiencia como iniciadora de áreas de práctica hoy instituidas en el ejercicio de la profesión tiene un relevante valor histórico y constituye un aporte significativo al desarrollo de estos campos y a la formación de nuevas generaciones.
Lucía Vivanco Muñoz is an occupational therapist who graduated from the University of Chile in 1983 and is one of the pioneers in the development of a social and community Occupational Therapy in Chile. In this interview, conducted by her colleague Débora Grandón, she analyzes the development of a social and community Occupational Therapy throughout her involvement at the end of the 1980s and during the 1990s in non-traditional areas such as accompanying people living with HIV/AIDS, the deinstitutionalization of vulnerable children, and their reintegration into their families and communities. She also participated in designing public policies for overcoming poverty within the Chilean government and other countries in her role as a consultant for the World Bank. She is currently an academic at the School of Occupatio-nal Therapy at the University of Santiago de Chile -USACH. This experience as an initiator of areas of practice established today in the exercise of the profession has a relevant historical value and constitutes a significant contribution to the development of these fields and the training of new generations
Lucía Vivanco Muñoz é terapeuta ocupacional, formada pela Universidade do Chile em 1983, e uma das primeiras a se aventurar na Terapia Ocupacional social e comunitária no Chile. Nesta entrevista, conduzida por sua colega Débora Grandón, se analisa o desenvolvimento da Terapia Ocupacional social e comunitária por meio de sua incursão no final dos anos 80 e durante os anos 90, em áreas não tradicionais da Terapia Ocupacional, como o acompanhamento de pessoas vivendo com HIV-AIDS, a desinstitucionalização de crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade e a reintegração em suas famílias e comunidades. Além disso, colaborou no desenho de políticas públicas para a superação da pobreza no Estado chileno e em outros países, atuando como consultora para o Banco Mundial. Atualmente, é professora na Escola de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade de Santiago do Chile - USACH. A experiência da professora como pioneira em áreas de prática, hoje instituídas no exercício da profissão, tem um valor histórico relevante e constitui uma contribuição significativa para o desenvolvimento desses campos e para a formação de novas gerações
Assuntos
Humanos , Apoio Social , História , HIVRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del programa de musicoterapia en el envejecimiento activo y saludable en la tercera edad anexo de Cochayoc, Tarma. Material y métodos: Cuasi experimental, prospectivo, longitudinal, analítico, aplicativo; con pre -post test de un mismo grupo experimental; la población es de 60 personas de la tercera edad y la muestra fue seleccionada a través del muestreo no probabilístico intencional constituido por 30 personas de la tercera edad, la recolección de datos fue mediante una lista de cotejo y uso de 3 cuestionarios. La prueba de confiabilidad fue Alfa de Cronbach, con un 0.87 considerado como bueno. Resultados: Los resultados evidencian que, tras la aplicación del pre test, las personas de la tercera edad en un 90% (27) no logran el envejecimiento activo y saludable; posterior al desarrollo del programa de musicoterapia se evidencia en el post test que un 93.3% (28) logran el envejecimiento activo y saludable. Con la prueba de Wilcoxon obtuvo que el valor P = 0,000 es menor al nivel de significancia 0,05; con un 95% de confianza, la aplicación del programa de musicoterapia "Melodías para la vida" es efectiva en el envejecimiento activo y saludable en la población de la tercera edad del Anexo de Cochayoc. Conclusiones: Tras comparar los valores entre el antes y después de aplicar el programa "Melodías para la vida" se observó que mejora el envejecimiento activo y saludable en todas sus dimensiones: emocional y afrontamiento positivo, hábitos saludables, cognitivo y participación social en las personas de la tercera edad
Objective:Determine the effect of the music therapy program on active and healthy aging in the elderly -Cochayoc Annex, Tarma. Material and methods:Quasi-experimental, prospective, longitudinal, analytical, applicative; with two observations (pre -post test) of the sameexperimental group; The population is 60 elderly people, and the sample was selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling consisting of 30 elderly people, data collection was through a checklist and use of 3 questionnaires. The reliability test was Cronbach's Alpha, with 0.87 considered good. Results:The results show that, after the application of the pre-test, 90% (27) of the elderly don't achieve active and healthy aging; after the development of the music therapy program, it is evident in thepost test that 93.3% (28) achieved active and healthy aging. With the Wilcoxon test, it was obtained that the P value = 0.000 is less than the 0.05 level of significance; with 95% confidence, the application of the music therapy program "Melodies for life" is effective in active and healthy aging in the elderly population of the Cochayoc Annex. Conclusions:After comparing the values between before and after applying the "Melodies for Life" program, it was observed that it improves active and healthy agingin all its dimensions: emotional and face positively, healthy habits, cognitive and social participation in elderly people
RESUMO
Introducción: Las mujeres con predisposición genética-familiar presentan un riesgo más elevado de desarrollar cáncer de mama. La vigilancia es una de las estrategias más efectivas para ofrecer a este subgrupo de mujeres, sin embargo la adherencia a la misma puede ser dificultosa. Objetivo: Analizar la adherencia de las pacientes con Alto Riesgo Heredo-Familiar (ARHF) al programa específico de "Seguimiento de pacientes de Alto Riesgo" del Hospital Universitario Austral. Material y método: Se revisaron de forma retrospectiva datos de 104 mujeres sanas con ARHF que ingresaron al programa de vigilancia: "Seguimiento de pacientes de Alto Riesgo" del Hospital Universitario Austral en el período comprendido entre junio de 2016 a febrero de 2022. Resultados: La adherencia al programa fue total en 38 pacientes (36,54%) y parcial en 42 (40,38%). Se observó falta de adherencia en 24 pacientes (23,07%). La causa más prevalente fue la incomodidad al realizar la resonancia (54,16%). Analizando la adherencia según el año de ingreso al programa se observa una caída significativa a partir del 3er año de seguimiento y solo 48,98% completaron la sexta ronda. Conclusiones: La falta de adherencia observada fue significativa. Los datos demostrados apuntan a una necesidad de continuar desarrollando estrategias que faciliten el seguimiento(AU)
Introduction: Women with a genetic-familial predisposition have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Surveillance is one of the most effective strategies to offer this subgroup of women, however adherence to it can be difficult. Objetive: To analize the adherence of patients with High Risk of Familial-Hereditary (HRFH) breast cancer to a specific program: "Follow-up in High Risk patients" of the Austral University Hospital. Material and method: Data from 104 women with HRFH who were admitted to the surveillance program: "Follow-up in High Risk patients" of the Austral University Hospital in the period from june 2016 to february 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Adherence to the program was complete in 38 patients (36,54%) and partial in 42 (40,38%). 24 (23,07%) patients had lack of adherence. The most prevalent cause was discomfort when performing the resonance (54,16%). When we analyze adherence according to the year of admission to the program, a significant drop is observed from de 3rd year of follow-up and only 48,98% completed round six. Conclusions: The observed lack of adherence was significant. The demonstrated data points to a need to continue developing strategies that facilitate monitoring(AU)
Assuntos
Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Doenças Genéticas InatasRESUMO
Introducción: las lesiones premalignas y malignas del complejo bucal se incrementan en la población, lo que demanda una correcta ejecución del Programa de Detección Precoz del Cáncer Bucal (PDCB). En el trabajo se exponen las transformaciones en el nivel de conocimientos de pacientes y estomatólogos acerca de las afecciones concernientes al PDCB para perfeccionar su ejecución. Método: se realizó una intervención educativa en el área de salud Julio Antonio Mella del municipio Camagüey desde mayo de 2022 hasta junio de 2023, con la participación de 36 pacientes y 30 estomatólogos. Las fuentes de información fueron la historia clínica, un cuestionario y una prueba de entrada y salida, aplicados a pacientes y estomatólogos respectivamente, antes y después de la intervención; para constatar las transformaciones. Resultados: antes de la intervención los pacientes estaban mal informados sobre las consecuencias nocivas de hábitos tóxicos, higiénicos y dietéticos, así como desconocimiento de la importancia del correcto autoexamen bucal; los que alcanzaron en su mayoría un alto nivel de conocimientos con la intervención. Los estomatólogos mejoraron sus conocimientos sobre diagnóstico y seguimiento de lesiones pre malignas y malignas del complejo maxilofacial. Discusión: la adecuada ejecución del PDCB descansa tanto en pacientes como en estomatólogos y aunque las investigaciones se enfocan a los primeros por los beneficios reportados; la superación de posgrado constituye una vía para sistematizar conocimientos y fortalecer competencias profesionales que impacten de manera positiva en el PDCB. La intervención educativa se considera satisfactoria al elevar el nivel de conocimientos de pacientes y estomatólogos, lo que demuestra sus potencialidades para perfeccionar la ejecución del PDCB.
Introduction: premalignant and malignant lesions of de oral area increase in the population which demands a correct implementation of the Early Detection of Oral Cancer Program. In this work transformations are exposed knowledge level of both patients and dentists regarding lesions concerning the Early Detection of Oral Cancer Program (EDOCP). Method: educational intervention was carried out in Julio Antonio Mella health area of Camaguey municipality from May 2022 to June 2023 which 36 patients and 30 Deontologists. Information sources were the Clinical History, a questionnaire and a test applied to patients and Deontologists respectively, before and after the intervention, to confirm the transformations in the sample. Results: Prior to intervention patients were poorly informed about consequences of toxic, hygienic and dietetic habits combined with lack of knowledge regarding importance of a correct oral self-examination whose knowledge improved to reach a high level in most of them after the intervention. Deontologists improved their knowledge on diagnosis and follow-up of premalignant and malignant lesions affecting the maxillofacial complex. Discussion: correct application of the EDOCP depends on both patients and deontologists, however reserchers focus on the former due to the reported benefits; the postgraduate training is a way to systematize knowledge and strengthen professional competences with positive impact on EDOCP. The educational intervention was satisfactory since it improved the level of knowledge of both patients and dentists which shows its potential on a correct implementation of the Early Detection of Oral Cancer Program.
RESUMO
This study aims to verify the concurrent validity of the paper, and the telephone versions of the instrument used to evaluate the effectiveness of the Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde (VAMOS) Pro-gram participants. The VAMOS Program is a community-based intervention aiming at motivating people to adopt an active and healthy lifestyle. The study population was adults registered at the Basic Health Units in the state of Santa Catarina, and the sample for the validity test was two groups that concluded the program. To compare each variable provided by paper and telephone format, multi-level generalized linear and logistic models were carried out, adjusted by age, sex, and educational level. As a result, it was possible to identify the validity of most of the questions, with variations in the frequency of cooked vegetable consumption, method of preparing animal meat, frequency of physical activity, and waist circumference. We concluded that the use of the telephone survey could be considered for VAMOS Program effectiveness evaluation
Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a validade concorrente das versões papel e ligação telefônica do ins-trumento utilizado para avaliar a efetividade do Programa Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde ( VAMOS). O Programa VAMOS é uma intervenção de base comunitária, com o objetivo de motivar as pessoas a adotarem um estilo de vida ativo e saudável. A população do estudo foi de adultos registrados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do estado de Santa Catarina, e a amostra para o teste de validade considerou dois grupos que concluí-ram o programa. Para comparar cada variável fornecida pelo formato papel e telefone, foram realizados mo-delos lineares e logísticos generalizados multiníveis, ajustados por idade, sexo e nível de escolaridade. Como resultado, foi possível identificar a validade da maioria das questões, com variações na frequência de consumo de hortaliças cozidas, modo de preparo da carne animal, frequência de atividade física e circunferência da cintura. Concluímos que o uso da coleta por telefone pode ser considerado para a avaliação da efetividade do Programa VAMOS.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudo de Validação , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
La implementación del Presupuesto por Resultados (PpR) requiere elementos como información oportuna, sistemas de monitoreo, incentivos y procedimientos normados. En el caso de Perú, su enfoque de PpR ha generado cambios significativos en resultados de salud, especialmente en programas como desnutrición y salud materna y neonatal, al priorizar actividades demostradas como más costo-eficaces a nivel mundial. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el presupuesto por resultados (PpR) y la Calidad del gasto del programa de cáncer en un hospital público del Ministerio de Salud, 2021. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico, diseño no experimental, descriptivo y nivel correlacional. La población fue de 131 trabajadores vinculados al ciclo del presupuesto, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra de 32 trabajadores responsables directos del PpR. Se utilizó la técnica de encuesta y dos cuestionarios como instrumentos, sometidos a los coeficientes KR-20 y Alpha de Cronbach para evaluar la confiabilidad. Resultados. El coeficiente de Spearman fue de 0.387, indicando una relación positiva y media entre las variables. La significancia fue de 0.029 (< 0.05). Conclusiones. Se encontró una relación significativa entre el PpR y la Calidad del gasto del programa de Cáncer en el hospital del Ministerio de Salud, confirmando que un mejor manejo del PpR está asociado a una mejor calidad de gasto.
The implementation of results-based budgeting (RBB) requires elements such as timely information, monitoring systems, incentives and standardized procedures. In the case of Peru, its PfR approach has generated significant changes in health outcomes, especially in programs such as malnutrition and maternal and neonatal health, by prioritizing activities proven to be more cost-effective worldwide. Objective. To determine the relationship between the budget for results (BfR) and the Quality of cancer program spending in a public hospital of the Ministry of Health, 2021. Materials and Methods. A quantitative approach, basic type, non-experimental, descriptive and correlational study was carried out. The population was 131 workers linked to the budget cycle, from which a sample of 32 workers directly responsible for the PpR was selected. The survey technique and two questionnaires were used as instruments, subjected to Cronbach's KR-20 and Alpha coefficients to assess reliability. Results. Spearman's coefficient was 0.387, indicating a positive and average relationship between the variables. Significance was 0.029 (< 0.05). Conclusions. A significant relationship was found between PpR and Quality of expenditure of the Cancer program in the Ministry of Health hospital, confirming that better management of PpR is associated with better quality of expenditure.
A implementação do orçamento por desempenho (PfR) requer elementos como informações oportunas, sistemas de monitoramento, incentivos e procedimentos padronizados. No caso do Peru, sua abordagem de PfR gerou mudanças significativas nos resultados de saúde, especialmente em programas como desnutrição e saúde materna e neonatal, priorizando atividades comprovadamente mais econômicas em todo o mundo. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre o orçamento por resultados (BfR) e a qualidade dos gastos com o programa de câncer em um hospital público do Ministério da Saúde, 2021. Materiais e métodos. Foi realizado um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo básico, não experimental, descritivo e correlacional. A população foi de 131 trabalhadores ligados ao ciclo orçamentário, dos quais foi selecionada uma amostra de 32 trabalhadores diretamente responsáveis pelo BfR. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados a técnica de survey e dois questionários, submetidos aos coeficientes KR-20 e Alfa de Cronbach para avaliar a confiabilidade. Resultados. O coeficiente de Spearman foi de 0,387, indicando uma relação positiva e média entre as variáveis. A significância foi de 0,029 (< 0,05). Conclusões. Foi encontrada uma relação significativa entre o PfR e a qualidade das despesas do programa de câncer no hospital do Ministério da Saúde, confirmando que uma melhor gestão do PfR está associada a uma melhor qualidade das despesas.
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Gastos em SaúdeRESUMO
Resumen Antecedentes: El Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INC) se ha posicionado como un referente internacional en la educación médica cardiológica, destacándose por su alto nivel académico y calidad humana. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el perfil laboral y académico actual de los egresados del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INC). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y retrospectivo que incluyó a 473 egresados del INC graduados entre 2000 y 2015. Se utilizó una encuesta electrónica para recopilar los datos. Resultados: Un total de 221 egresados aceptaron participar en el estudio, lo que representa el 46.7% del total de egresados. El 85.2% de los participantes son hombres. La mayoría de los egresados son de nacionalidad mexicana (82.4%), mientras que el resto se distribuye en varios países de Latinoamérica. El 89% de los egresados completó otro posgrado después de cardiología. De este grupo, el 95.4% realizó al menos una alta especialidad, mientras que el 4.6% obtuvo una maestría o doctorado. La especialidad más comúnmente elegida fue Cardiología Intervencionista. Los egresados del INC trabajan en promedio 10.8 horas al día, de las cuales 6.4 horas se dedican a la cardiología clínica y 4.3 horas al otro posgrado. Aquellos que trabajan en el sector público y privado dedican 6.1 horas y 5.2 horas al día, respectivamente. Además, el 75% de los egresados desempeña actividades de enseñanza. El 84% de los egresados trabajan en México. Conclusión: En su mayoría, los egresados del INC son médicos especialistas que continúan su formación académica a través de la realización de otros posgrados. Trabajan más horas al día en comparación con el resto de la población mexicana, y dedican la mayor parte de su tiempo al ejercicio de la cardiología clínica. También buscan transmitir sus conocimientos a través de actividades académicas y de enseñanza.
Abstract Background: The Ignacio Chávez National Institute of Cardiology (NIC) has positioned itself as an international benchmark in cardiovascular medical education, standing out for its high academic standards and human quality. Objective: This study aims to identify the employment and academic profile of cardiology fellowship graduates from the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico (NIC). Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted, involving 473 graduates from the period 2000-2015. Data was collected through an electronic survey. Results: A total of 221 graduates agreed to participate, accounting for 46.7% of the total number of graduates. Among the participants, 85.2% were male. The majority of graduates (82.4%) held Mexican nationality, while the remaining individuals represented various Latin-American nationalities. Following the completion of the cardiology fellowship, 89% of graduates pursued further postgraduate degrees. Within this group, 95.4% completed at least one additional fellowship, while 4.6% pursued a master's or PhD program. The most popular fellowship program chosen was Interventional Cardiology. On average, NIC graduates dedicate 10.8 hours per day to their work, with 6.4 hours dedicated to cardiology and 4.3 hours to their other postgraduate degree. Those employed in both public and private health systems allocate 6.1 hours and 5.2 hours per day, respectively. Additionally, 75% of graduates are involved in teaching activities. Currently, 84% of graduates are employed in Mexico. Conclusion: The majority of NIC graduates are physicians who further their academic training by pursuing additional postgraduate programs. They work longer hours per day compared to the general Mexican population, with a significant focus on clinical cardiology. Graduates actively seek opportunities to share their expertise through various academic activities.
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Introducción. Las residencias médicas experimentaron modificaciones que pudieron afectar la formación académica durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivos. Describir la percepción de residentes de Pediatría en relación con el impacto de la pandemia en su formación. Efectuar la adaptación transcultural y validación al idioma español del instrumento "COVID-19 Resident Education and Experience Survey". Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, transversal. Participaron residentes de Pediatría de distintos hospitales del país. Se utilizó la encuesta de Ostapenko y col. modificada. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo utilizando SPSS vs. 21. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética institucional. Resultados. Completaron la encuesta 127 residentes. La mayoría dedicaba más de 50 horas a actividades asistenciales antes y durante la pandemia. El 43,3 % (IC95% 35-52) dedicaba hasta 1 hora diaria al estudio individual previo a la pandemia, y un 63 % (IC95% 54,3-70,9) dedicaba ese tiempo durante la pandemia. El 75,6 % (IC95% 67,4-82,2) reportó que el tiempo previo dedicado a actividades académicas era al menos de 4 horas semanales, descendiendo al 41,7 % (IC95% 33,5-50,4) en la pandemia. Más del 60 % (IC95% 54,3-70,1) percibió que la pandemia perjudicó su formación para convertirse en especialista y el 93,7 % (IC95% 88,1-96,8), que su nivel de estrés se incrementó. Conclusiones. La cantidad de horas destinadas a actividades académicas fue percibida como menor durante la pandemia. La mayoría de los encuestados refirió que su nivel de estrés aumentó y que la pandemia perjudicó su formación para convertirse en especialista.
Introduction. Medical residency programs suffered changes that may have affected academic training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. To describe the perceptions of pediatric residents about the pandemic's impact on their education. To transculturally adapt and validate the COVID-19 Resident Education and Experience Survey into Spanish. Materials and methods. Observational, cross-sectional study. Participants were pediatric residents from hospitals across the country. The survey by Ostapenko et al. was used. A descriptive analysis was done using the SPSS software, version 21. The project was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results. The survey was completed by 127 residents. Most did more than 50 hours of health care activities before and during the pandemic. Also, 43.3% (95% CI: 3552) spent at least 1 hour a day studying individually before the pandemic, while 63% (95% CI: 54.370.9) did so during the pandemic. In relation to the time spent doing academic work, 75.6% (95% CI: 67.482.2) reported that, before the pandemic, they spent at least 4 hours a week doing academic activities, dropping to 41.7% (95% CI: 33.550.4) during the pandemic. More than 60% (95% CI: 54.370.1) perceived that the pandemic impaired their training to become a specialist and 93.7% (95% CI: 88.196.8), that their stress levels increased. Conclusions. The perception was that participants spent less hours doing academic activities during the pandemic. Most surveyed participants mentioned that their stress levels increased and that the pandemic impaired their training to become a specialist.
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Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Internato e Residência , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , PandemiasRESUMO
RESUMEN Es fundamental la enseñanza de la parasitología humana para los estudiantes de las carreras de ciencias de la salud, especialmente la médica, por ser un importante problema de salud pública con distribución mundial, con alta frecuencia en países de bajos recursos económicos y por su presencia en aquellos países considerados desarrollados. En este sentido, se estima que existen en el mundo 2800 millones de individuos infectados con geohelmintos, 20 % a 30 % de infectados con Toxoplasma gondii, 300 a 500 millones de casos nuevos de malaria al año y aproximadamente 15 millones de latinoamericanos con enfermedad de Chagas, una enfermedad causada por el Trypanosoma cruzi. En este artículo de revisión narrativa se analiza información disponible en repositorios digitales sobre aspectos del programa pedagógico tradicional de la parasitología humana o médica, para lo cual se emplearon descriptores o palabras clave en estrecha relación con el tema. Los artículos que se revisaron principalmente fueron aquellos publicados en revistas científicas arbitradas, indexadas y de reconocido prestigio. Asimismo, se describen el programa tradicional de parasitología y la pedagogía prevalente empleada, con el propósito de fomentar el debate sobre los métodos que conducen a su aprendizaje. Por otro lado, si se consideran el carácter dinámico que posee este proceso y los constantes desafíos que deben afrontarse en este campo, esta información puede ayudar a explorar nuevas formas de enseñar la parasitología en respuesta a las exigencias del contexto. En conclusión, las enfermedades parasitarias han afectado a la humanidad a lo largo de la historia, y han causado enfermedades, discapacidad y la muerte de millones de personas. Por tanto, entre las medidas para combatir tan terrible flagelo se señala la capacitación de más y mejores profesionales en el área, por su papel preponderante en el diseño y ejecución de los programas de control, de lo que se desprende la necesidad de describir en detalle las características de la enseñanza tradicional de esta rama del conocimiento ―como se muestra en el contenido de este escrito― en virtud de la existencia de nuevos métodos de enseñanza humana: la enseñanza participativa, aprendizaje basado en problemas y aprendizaje asistido por internet.
ABSTRACT The teaching of human parasitology is essential for students of health sciences, especially medicine, because it is a major global public health problem―occurring with high frequency in low-income countries―and because of its presence in countries considered developed. In this sense, it is estimated that worldwide there are 2,800 million individuals infected with soil-transmitted helminths, 20 to 30% people infected with Toxoplasma gondii, 300 to 500 million new cases of malaria per year, and nearly 15 million Latin Americans with Chagas disease, an infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. This narrative review article analyzes information available in digital repositories on aspects of the traditional educational program of human or medical parasitology using descriptors or keywords closely related to the topic. The reviewed articles were mainly those published in peer-reviewed, indexed and prestigious scientific journals. Moreover, the traditional program of parasitology and the prevailing pedagogy are described with the purpose of encouraging discussion on the methods that lead to its learning. Also, given the dynamic nature of this process and the constant challenges that must be faced in this field, said information can help to explore new ways of teaching parasitology in answer to the demands of the context. In conclusion, parasitic diseases have affected humankind throughout history, causing illness, disability and death in millions of people. Therefore, among the measures to fight such a terrible scourge, the training of more and better professionals in the area is promoted due to their leading role in the design and execution of control programs. As a result, the need to describe in detail the characteristics of the traditional teaching of this branch of knowledge arises―as shown in this paper―in view of the new human teaching methods: participatory learning, problem-based learning and Internetassisted learning.
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RESUMEN Introducción: El craving es un deseo subjetivo por consumir sustancias. Se ha encontrado que el craving es uno de los mejores predictores de recaídas, por lo que resulta importante abordarlo durante el tratamiento para las adicciones. El Programa de Intervención Breve para Adolescentes (PIBA) ha demostrado ser eficaz para reducir el patrón de consumo de drogas, aumentar la autoeficacia para enfrentarse a situaciones de consumo y disminuir los problemas asociados al consumo en adolescentes que se encuentran en escuelas de nivel medio o medio superior, así como en instituciones de atención de adicciones de tipo ambulatorio. Sin embargo, la efectividad de este programa no se ha probado con adolescentes que se encuentran en tratamiento residencial ni para reducir el craving. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del PIBA para reducir el craving y aumentar la autoeficacia de una adolescente que se encontraba en un centro residencial. Método: Se aplicó un diseño de caso único que consistió en la aplicación del tratamiento y el seguimiento a cuatro meses, intencional y no probabilístico con una adolescente de 16 años. Resultados: Se encontró una reducción del craving a lo largo del tratamiento, que se mantuvo durante el seguimiento, así como un aumento en la autoeficacia. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos extienden la eficacia del PIBA a componentes de la adicción y a poblaciones no exploradas antes, sugiriendo que el PIBA puede ser una alternativa para trabajar con estos componentes y poblaciones.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Craving refers to a subjective desire to consume substances. It has been found that craving is one of the best predictors of relapse, so it is important to address it during addiction treatment. The Brief Intervention Program for Adolescents (PIBA) has been shown to be effective in reducing drug consumption patterns, increasing self-efficacy to deal with consumption situations, and reducing problems associated with consumption in adolescents who are in middle or high school schools, as well as in outpatient addiction care institutions. However, the effectiveness of this program has not been tested with adolescents in residential treatment or in reducing craving. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of PIBA in reducing craving and increasing self-efficacy in a female adolescent who was in a residential center. Method: A single-case design was applied, consisting of the treatment and a follow-up at four months, intentional and non-probabilistic, with a 16-year-old female adolescent. Result: A reduction in craving was found throughout the treatment and maintained during the follow-up, as well as an increase in self-efficacy. Conclusion: These findings extend the effectiveness of PIBA to addiction components and populations not previously explored, suggesting that PIBA may be an alternative to work with these components and populations.
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Objective:To analyze the implementation effects of a medical laboratory talent training program based on local colleges and universities' applied talent-oriented cultivation principal as well as students' interests and industry needs.Methods:Based on the design principals of clarifying the professional orientation, meeting the national standard, reconstructing the curriculum system, introducing the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship, and multi-dimensional collaborative education, as well as the reverse design path of the outcome-based education concept, we have built a medical laboratory applied talent training system focusing on humanity education, solid foundation, broad employment, and good competency and in accordance with the "three complete education" strategy, along with measures including creating an applied teaching atmosphere, developing an applied curriculum teaching model, providing vocational guidance and improving vocational identity, and promoting education via evaluation. The system was applied to the training and practice of students of grades 2021 and 2022 majoring in medical laboratory technology. SPSS20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:With the concept of application-oriented talent training and the "four-in-one" practical teaching model, students' skills were improved, and the training path was broadened. Compared with those trained with the original program (grades 2019-2020), the graduates trained with the new program (grades 2021-2022) showed a significantly decreased employment rate in medical laboratory jobs in medical institutions from 71.25% to 42.86% ( χ2=12.36, P<0.001), a significantly increased employment rate in in-vitro diagnostics industry from 3.75% to 17.14% ( χ2=7.44, P<0.05), and a significantly increased rate of applying for postgraduate education from 17.05% to 32.86% ( χ2=4.74, P<0.05). Conclusions:The medical laboratory talent training program based on the talent training principal of local colleges and universities combined with students' interests and industry needs can help improve the quality of talent training and broaden the employment path of graduates.
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Objective:Utilizing a seven-year panel data set of a targeted admission medical student cohort,this study aims to examine their career development and provide insights for retaining healthcare talent in township health centers and village clinics in the central and western rural areas of China.Method:Starting from 2015,cohorts of targeted and general clinical graduates from four medical colleges in central and western China were selected and tracked for their career progression.Results:The targeted graduates'standardized residency training and medical licensing examination pass rates were similar to those of general clinical graduates.They advanced more quickly in professional titles and positions,with 82.5%becoming attending physicians and 16.2%obtaining positions in the seventh year after graduation.However,their monthly income was significantly lower than that of general clinical graduates,and this income discrepancy expanded annually.As of December 2022,among the 493 targeted graduates who completed their contracts,38.5%stayed in grassroots positions.Of those who left,60%moved to county-level or higher public hospitals,7.9%pursued further studies,and 27.7%were unemployed.Conclusion:Targeted graduates are well-trained and advance rapidly in their careers,but their lower income significantly impacts their willingness to remain at the grassroots level.After completing their service period,about one-third of the targeted graduates choose to stay in grassroots positions.
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Objective@#To evaluate the implementation of vaccination certificate verification in Guizhou Province from 2020 to 2022, so as to provide reference for improving the efficiency of vaccination certificate verification and vaccine re inoculation work.@*Methods@#Data was drawn from the 2020-2022 report on the verification of vaccination certificates for children entering daycare and enrollment in various cities and prefectures in Guizhou Province. In July, 2021, Guizhou Province began to implement a new inspection scheme with close cooperation between health and education departments, moving forward the gateway, parents using "Guizhou CDC" WeChat official account for self inspection, and a long term supervision and assessment mechanism. A comparative analysis was conducted on the evaluation of vaccination certificate verification rate, vaccination certificate holding rate, full revaccination rate of the National Immunization Program (NIP) for children and full vaccination rate of the NIP vaccine before(2020) and after(2021 and 2022) the implementation of the new plan. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The rate of vaccination certificate verification of children enrolled in kindergarten and primary school in Guizhou Province increased from 99.85% in 2020 to 100% in 2022, the rate of holding certificate increased from 99.55% in 2020 to 99.91% in 2022, the rate of full vaccination NIP vaccines for kindergarten and primary school entry increased from 78.95% in 2020 to 96.59% in 2022, and the rate of full revaccination increased from 42.40% in 2020 to 79.19% in 2022 ( χ 2=2 203.19, 3 651.67, 291 896.31, 103 938.76, P < 0.01 ).@*Conclusions@#From 2020 to 2022, the rates of full vaccination and the full revaccination for NIP vaccine among children entering kindergarten in Guizhou Province have increased year by year. Each region should fully utilize the achievements of immunization planning informatization construction to establish effective inspection work ideas, and ensure that eligible children complete the full vaccination process of the national immunization plan vaccine.
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Objective To understand the intention of the community diabetes management application and analyze the related factors.Methods Diabetes patients in the community were selected as the research objects,and the diabetes management application intention scale,diabetes electronic health literacy scale,diabetes self-management ability scale and general information questionnaire were randomly conducted for the investigation.Results The score of 286 cases of community diabetes management application intention was 44.38±8.56,the qualification rate was 67.4%,the score of diabetes e-health literacy score was 22.38±7.56,the qualification rate was 28.2%,and the score of diabetes self-management ability score was 43.41±7.96.Through the analysis,it was found that diabetes management application intention,e-health literacy,and self-management ability were affected by patients'education,age,and income.The analysis of related factors showed that the intention to use the diabetes management application was positively related to the electronic health literacy and self-management ability of patients P<0.05.Conclusion The intention to use community diabetes management application is affected by income,education level,age,e-health literacy and self-management ability.The overall level of e-health literacy and self-management ability of diabetes patients is low.It is necessary to improve the e-health literacy and self-management level of diabetes patients.
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In Japan, where the population is aging, it is important to train exercise instructors who promote health in older adults. Previous studies demonstrated that an intergenerational program that was not focused on exercise improved university students’ perceptions of older adults, but the effects of an intergenerational exercise-related program have not been explored. This study investigated whether obtaining experience in providing exercise instruction to older adults improved university students’ attitudes toward these adults and their willingness to acquire exercise instruction-related qualifications. Second-year university students majoring in sport and health sciences were divided into intervention (n = 29) or control (n = 33) groups. Students in the intervention group participated in a 5-session program that involved choreographing exercise with music and giving exercise instructions to community-dwelling older adults. In the final session, the students and older adults performed the exercise together, and this session was videotaped. Explicit attitudes toward older adults improved from before to after the program in the intervention group. The percentage of students in the intervention group who were willing to acquire exercise instruction-related qualifications was greater after the program than before it. In the control group, there were no detectable differences in these measures before and after the study period. Students’ feelings (i.e., vitality, stability, pleasure, and arousal) acutely improved after each session in the intervention group. These results may imply that after experiencing the provision of exercise instruction to older adults, university students’ explicit attitudes toward these adults and their willingness to obtain exercise instruction-related qualifications were increased.
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Purpose: To clarify the significance of attempts to improve palliative care unit (PCU) quality using self-assessment sharing programs formulated by the Hospice Palliative Care Japan. Method: We conducted self-assessments of 7 sections (detection and assessment of patient’s needs, care planning, care implementation, preparation, and support for patients’ discharge, management at the dying stage, care of bereaved family, hospice bed management and meeting community needs) including 47 items on a five-point scale, and determined targets for care improvement in 2018, 2021, and 2022. The change of mean scales of 7 sections and 47 items in each fiscal year and the relationship to the targets for care improvement were investigated. Results: From 2018 to 2022, mean scores increased for detection and assessment of patient’s needs, near-death care, and care for bereaved family members. Conclusion: The self-assessment sharing programs have potential to analyze the status of PCU, clarify improvement targets, and improve the care quality in PCU.