Can high pain intensity and catastrophizing interfere with the cognitive performance of women with chronic pain related TMD? A cross-sectional study

Abstract Interventions based on pain education and self-management are dependent on factors such as attention, memory, concentration, and executive function. Objective To explore the relationship between cognitive performance and the variables pain intensity, central sensitization, catastrophizing, and hypervigilance in women diagnosed with chronic pain-related TMD. Methodology This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 33 women (mean age: 38±4.6 years; range: 18 to 66 years) with chronic pain-related TMD (myalgia and/or arthralgia) diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Specific questionnaires were used to evaluate cognitive performance, overall pain intensity, central sensitization, hypervigilance, and pain catastrophizing. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and backward stepwise multiple linear regression (statistical significance at 5% alpha). Results Approximately 53% of the study sample showed decreased cognitive performance. High central sensitization, hypervigilance, and pain catastrophizing were observed. A significant negative correlation was observed between cognitive performance and hypervigilance (p=.003, r=−.49), cognitive performance and catastrophizing (p<.001, r=−.58), and cognitive performance and pain intensity (p<.001, r=−.58). Regarding the partial regression coefficients, only catastrophizing and pain intensity showed statistical significance (t=−2.12, p=.043; t=−2.64, p=.014, respectively), indicating a significant role in explaining cognitive performance at the sample. Conclusion High pain intensity and the presence of catastrophic thoughts regarding pain can predict impaired cognitive performance in women with chronic pain-related TMD. Management strategies addressing psychosocial dimensions such as reducing catastrophizing and ensuring complete understanding of the condition are important.

Effect of multidimensional physiotherapy on non-specific chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Many people with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) do not recover with current conventional management. Systematic reviews show multidimensional treatment improves pain better than usual active interventions. It is unclear whether multidimensional physiotherapy improves pain better than usual physiotherapy. This study determines the effectiveness of this treatment to reduce pain and disability and improve quality of life, pain cognitions, and electroencephalographic pattern in individuals with NSCLBP. Methods 70 eligible participants aged 18 to 50 years with NSCLBP were randomized into either the experimental group (multidimensional physiotherapy) or the active control group (usual physiotherapy). Pain intensity was measured as the primary outcome. Disability, quality of life, pain Catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, fear Avoidance Beliefs, active lumbar range of motion, and brain function were measured as secondary outcomes. The outcomes were measured at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 10, and 22 weeks. Data were analyzed using intention-to-treat approaches. Results There were 17 men and 18 women in the experimental group (mean [SD] age, 34.57 [6.98] years) and 18 men and 17 women in the active control group (mean [SD] age, 35.94 [7.51] years). Multidimensional physiotherapy was not more effective than usual physiotherapy at reducing pain intensity at the end of treatment. At the 10 weeks and 22 weeks follow-up, there were statistically significant differences between multidimensional physiotherapy and usual physiotherapy (mean difference at 10 weeks, -1.54; 95% CI, -2.59 to -0.49 and mean difference at 22 weeks, -2.20; 95% CI, - 3.25 to - 1.15). The standardized mean difference and their 95% confidence intervals (Cohen's d) revealed a large effect of pain at 22 weeks: (Cohen's d, -0.89; 95% CI (-1.38 to-0.39)). There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes. Conclusions In this randomized controlled trial, multidimensional physiotherapy resulted in statistically and clinically significant improvements in pain compared to usual physiotherapy in individuals with NSCLBP at 10 and 22 weeks. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04270422; IRCT IRCT20140810018754N11.

A study of pain perception by cold pressure test in young females during the different phases of menstrual cycle

Background: Menstruation is a cyclic physiological phenomenon showing fluctuations of various Gonadal hormones. Gonadal hormones (estrogen and progesterone) influences pain sensitivity, the former strongly influences nociceptive actions; whereas the latter prevents neuropathic pain some previous study has shown changes in pain sensitivity during menstruation. However, there is only little evidence present on effect of Gonadal hormones on experimental pain Sensitivity. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study is to differentiate in Sensation of pain stimulus in terms of - pain threshold, pain tolerance, pain intensity, pain unpleasantness in females with normal menstruation during different phases through using cold presser test. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 normal healthy females were enrolled in the study as per the eligibility criteria. Cold presser test was used as a pain stimulus source. The participants were instructed to hold their least dominant hand in the water bath as long as possible and were requested to inform the first sensation of pain which denoted the participants’ pain threshold. Time from pain threshold to the point where participants could no longer cope with pain and indicate stop, was recorded as pain tolerance. At this point, participants were directed to note pain intensity and unpleasantness on the visual analogue scale. Results: The results showed that high significant pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and pain tolerance level were highly significant during follicular phase than luteal phase. Conclusion: In our study, we concluded pain perception difference across during different phase of menstruation in the form of high significant pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and pain tolerance during follicular phase due to the hormonal fluctuation and the differences in autonomic nervous system reactivity these would be the underlying mechanism for these findings.

Frequency of vitamin d deficiency in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and its relationship with obesity, depression, and pain intensity: a cross-sectional study / Frequência da deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar e sua relação com obesidade, depressão e intensidade da dor: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective This study was conducted to determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and to define the relationship between vitamin D levels and obesity, depression, and pain intensity. Methods This study was conducted with 69 patients (Male = 32, Female = 37) diagnosed with lumbar spinal stenosis. The participants' 25(OH)D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In addition, bone metabolic status, including bone mineral density and bone turnover markers, was also evaluated. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to determine the depression statuses of the patients, while the McGill Melzack Pain Questionnaire was administered to measure pain intensity. The results were evaluated at a significance level of p<0.05. Results Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was found in 76.8% of the patients. Binary logistic regression analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients who: 1) had higher body mass indexes (OR 3.197, 95% CI 1.549-6.599); 2) fared higher in Beck's depression score (OR 1.817, 95% CI 1.027-3.217); and 3) were female rather than male (OR 1.700, 95% CI 0.931-3.224) (p<0.05). Conclusion In this study, vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in lumbar spinal stenosis patients. In addition, obese, depressed, and female individuals have higher risks of vitamin D deficiency.

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo foi realizado para determinar a frequência de deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar e para definir a relação entre os níveis de vitamina D e obesidade, depressão e intensidade da dor. Métodos Este estudo foi realizado com 69 pacientes (homens = 32, mulheres = 37) diagnosticados com estenose espinhal lombar. Os níveis de 25(OH)D dos participantes foram medidos por radioimunoensaio. Além disso, o estado metabólico ósseo, incluindo densidade mineral óssea e marcadores de remodelação óssea, também foi avaliado. O Inventário de Depressão de Beck foi usado para determinar os estados de depressão dos pacientes, enquanto o Questionário de Dor McGill Melzack foi aplicado para medir a intensidade da dor. Os resultados foram avaliados a um nível de significância de p<0,05. Resultados A deficiência de vitamina D (<20 ng/mL) foi encontrada em 76,8% dos pacientes. A análise de regressão logística binária mostrou uma frequência significativamente maior de deficiência de vitamina D nos seguintes pacientes: 1) com maior índice de massa corporal (OR 3,197, 95% IC 1,549-6,599); 2) com maior pontuação na escala de depressão de Beck (OR 1,817, 95% IC 1,027-3,217) e 3) do sexo feminino em vez de masculino (OR 1,700, 95% IC 0,931-3,224) (p<0,05). Conclusão Neste estudo, a deficiência de vitamina D foi prevalente em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar. Além disso, pessoas obesas, deprimidas e mulheres correm maior risco de deficiência de vitamina D.

Incidence and factors influencing tourniquet pain / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#The use of tourniquet in orthopedic surgery facilitates operation by establishing a bloodless surgical field. However, many complications following the use of tourniquets have been reported. Tourniquet pain is the most common complication. This study aimed to find the actual incidence of pain associated with tourniquet use in orthopedic surgery and the various factors.@*METHODS@#It is a prospective observational study conducted on 132 consecutive cases. Patients aged 18-70 years with musculoskeletal problems of the forearm and leg requiring surgery were included in the study. Patients with open injuries or contraindications such as diabetes mellitus, compromised circulatory states, neurological deficit, compartment syndrome and unable to give informed consent were excluded. The parameters assessed included duration of tourniquet use, tourniquet pressure, type of anesthesia, any interval release of the tourniquet and reapplication after a reperfusion period, whether upper or lower limb surgery, severity of tourniquet pain, timing of tourniquet release and complications. Chi-square and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test were used for data analysis.@*RESULTS@#In upper limb surgeries, if duration of surgery was less than 60 min, 14 (51.8%) cases experienced tourniquet pain and 13 (48.1%) had no pain, and if duration of surgery was more than 60 min, 24 (60.0%) had pain and 16 (40.0%) experienced no pain. In lower limb surgeries if duration of surgery was less than 60 min, 2 (7.7%) experienced pain and 24 (92.3%) had no pain, and if duration of surgery was more than 60 min, 14 (35.8%) experienced pain and 25 (64.8%) had no pain. Degree of tourniquet pain increases with the duration of surgery. Statistically, there was significant association between tourniquet inflation time and tourniquet pain in both upper and lower limbs (p = 0.034 and 0.024, respectively) CONCLUSION: Incidence of tourniquet pain was in direct proportion to the duration of tourniquet use and was higher in cases with regional anesthesia. Other risk factors assessed including tourniquet pressure, upper or lower limb surgery, tourniquet release time and interval had no significant contribution to the incidence or severity of tourniquet pain.

Analysis of body composition and pain intensity in women with chronic pelvic pain secondary to endometriosis / Análise da composição corporal e intensidade de dor em mulheres com dor pélvica crônica secundária a endometriose

Abstract Objective To determine the average body composition (percentage of body fat), the anthropometric markers, and the intensity of clinical pain in women with a clinical diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) secondary to endometriosis. Methods A case-control study performed with 91 women, 46 of whom with CPP secondary to endometriosis and 45 of whom with CPP secondary to other causes. They underwent an evaluation of the anthropometric parameters by means of the body mass index (BMI), the perimeters (waist, abdomen, hip), and the percentage of body fat (%BF), which were assessed on a body composition monitor by bioimpedance; the intensity of the clinical pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the symptoms of anxiety and depression, using the hospital's anxiety and depression scale (HAD). Results The groups did not differ in terms of mean age, BMI, %BF or regarding the available waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The mean intensity of the clinical pain by the VAS was of 7.2 ± 2.06 in the group with CPP secondary to endometriosis, and of 5.93 ± 2.64 in the group with CPP secondary to other causes (p = 0.03), revealing significant differences between the groups. Conclusion We concluded that, despite the difference in the pain score assessed between the two groups, there was no difference regarding body composition and anthropometry.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar a composição corporal média (porcentagem de gordura corporal), os marcadores antropométricos, e a intensidade de dor clínica em mulheres com diagnóstico clínico de dor pélvica crônica (DPC) secundária a endometriose. Métodos Um estudo de caso-controle realizado com 91 mulheres, 46 das quais com DPC secundária a endometriose, e 45 das quais com DPC secundária a outras causas. As pacientes foram submetidas à avaliação dos parâmetros antropométricos por meio do índice de massa corporal (IMC), dos perímetros (cintura, abdômen, quadril), e do percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), que foram avaliados emmonitor de composição corporal por bioimpedância; a intensidade clínica da dor foi avaliada usando-se a escala visual analógica (EVA), e os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, usando a escala de ansiedade e depressão do hospital (EADH). Resultados Os grupos não diferiram quanto à idade média, ao IMC, ao %GC, nem quanto à relação da cintura-quadril (RCQ) disponível. Amédia da intensidade clínica da dor pela EVA foi de 7,2 ± 2,06 no grupo com DPC secundária a endometriose, e de 5,93 ± 2,64 no grupo com DPC secundária a outras causas (p = 0,03), revelando diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Emrelação à EADH, ambos os grupos estavam acima da média de corte. Conclusão Concluímos que, apesar da diferença no escore de dor avaliado entre os dois grupos, não houve diferença com relação à composição corporal e à antropometria.

A influência da Fisioterapia na redução da intensidade da dor e no efeito global percebido de pacientes com dores musculoesqueléticas / The influence of the Physiotherapy on pain reduction and global perceived effect of patients with musculoskeletal pain

A melhora clí­nica do paciente com dores musculoesqueléticas (DME) deve ser monitorada em conjunto com a percepção do paciente sobre o efeito do tratamento, apesar da falta de informação sobre esse tema. Objetivo: Analisar a influência do tratamento fisioterápico na redução da intensidade da dor e no efeito global percebido de pacientes com DME. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional analí­tico retrospectivo em 61 pacientes com DME que responderam uma questão relacionada í intensidade de dor e outra questão sobre o efeito global percebido do tratamento fisioterápico. A intensidade de dor medida após 10 meses de acompanhamento foi comparada aos valores iniciais. Resultados: Os participantes eram predominantemente mulheres (83,3%) adultas (média de idade de 59,6 anos). A média de intensidade da dor na avaliação inicial foi de 6,4 (± 2,7), com média de tempo de dor de 20,3 meses. A média de intensidade de dor após o contato telefônico foi de 4,37 (± 3,9). A análise do efeito global percebido evidenciou melhora na maioria dos participantes (16,7% completamente recuperados; 39,7% melhoraram muito, 26,7% melhoraram pouco). Conclusão: Pacientes com DME apresentaram redução da intensidade da dor e melhora no efeito global percebido após um programa de Fisioterapia. (AU)

The clinical improvement of the patient with musculoskeletal pain (MP) should be monitored together with the perception of the patient about the treatment effect, despite the lack of information on this subject. Objective: To analyze the influence of physiotherapeutic treatment on the pain reduction and global perceived effect in patients with MP. Methods: A retrospective observational analytic study was performed in 61 patients with MP that answered a question about their pain intensity and another question about the global perceived effect of the physical therapy treatment. The pain intensity measured after 10 months of follow-up was compared to the initial values. Results: Participants were predominantly female (83.3%) adults (mean age 59.6 years old). The mean pain intensity at the initial evaluation was 6.4 (± 2.7), with a mean of pain time of 20.3 months. The mean pain intensity after telephone contact was 4.37 (± 3.9). The analysis of the global perceived effect evidenced improvement in most of the participants (16.7% completely recovered, 39.7% much improved, 26.7% slightly improved). Conclusion: Patients with MP showed pain reduction and improvement on the global perceived effect after a Physiotherapy treatment. (AU)

A study of efficacy of intramuscular injection tramadol as labour analgesic and labour accelerator in 400 primigravida patients in latent phase of first stage of labour

Background: Labour pain is among the most severe pain experienced by women. Most women like to experience labour birth with active involvement and as naturally as possible. Hence, the need for analgesia to overcome labour pains is highly requested by women today. In developing nations where availability of facilities is the main limiting factor, intra muscular opioids can be used. The aim was to know the effect of Tramadol in labour analgesia and reduction in the duration of labour and to know the maternal and neonatal outcome after administration of TramadolMethods: This study was conducted in tertiary teaching care hospital in 400 low risk primigravidae who fulfilled selection criteria with full-term pregnancy with vertex presentation in late latent phase of labour were selected and given 100 mg tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly.Results: The degree of pain relief in 1 st and 2 nd stage of labour, duration of labour, Apgar score of neonates and side effect of drugs were studied. In this study 23.5% of patients had grade II pain, 38.5% of patients had grade III pain and 38% of patients had no pain relief after Tramadol administration. Before drug, the mean pain score is 3.86 in stage I. After drug administration the mean pain score is 3.14 in stage I and 3.81 in stage II. The duration of first and second stage of labour also shortened.Conclusions: In low risk Primigravidae, IM Tramadol hydrochloride appears to be effective without side effects. Hence, in developing nations, where availability of facilities is the main limiting factor, IM opioids can be considered as suitable alternatives.

Efectos de la musicoterapia en el nivel de intensidad del dolor postquirúrgico en pacientes pediátricos en un hospital de EsSALUD / Effects of music therapy in intensity level post surgical pain in pediatric patients in EsSALUD hospital

Objetivos: determinar los efectos de la musicoterapia, como tratamiento complementario, en el nivel de intensidad del dolor postquirúrgico en pacientes pediátricos en el servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Material y Métodos: estudio cuasi experimental. Muestra: 40 pacientes pediátricos de 5 a 17 años, 20 pacientes del grupo experimental que recibieron sesión de musicoterapia clásica por 30 minutos y 20 pacientes grupo control quienes no recibieron sesión de musicoterapia, en ambos grupos se utilizaron escalas CHEOPS (de 5 a 7años), facial (8 a 17 años). Resultados: el puntaje del dolor en el grupo experimental de 8 a 17 años a las 24 horas post operados fue de 5 ± 1,9 (moderado) y posterior a la musicoterapia, el puntaje del dolor fue de 3,2 ±1,6 (moderado), encontrándose una reducción del dolor en 1,8 puntos, estadísticamente...

Objectives: delimit the effects of music therapy, as complementary treatment, on the level of intensity of postoperative pain in pediatric patients in the Neurosurgery Department of the Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Material and Methods: design quasi-experimental, sample: 40 pediatric patients of 5-17 years old, 20 patients of experimental group received classical music therapy session for 30 minutes and 20 patients of control group not received music therapy session, both groups used CHEOPS scales (5-7 years), facial (8-17 years). Results: the pain score in the experimental group of 8-17 years after 24 hours of post-surgery was 5 ñ 1.9 (moderate) and after music therapy, the pain score was 3.2 ñ 1,6 (moderate). It was found a reduction in pain of 1,8 points statistically...

Acupuntura con estimulación manual en la cefalea migrañosa / Manual Stimulation Acupuncture in the Migraine

Introducción: la acupuntura es una terapia alternativa en la cefalea migrañosa. Objetivo: comparar la efectividad del tratamiento acupuntural con el farmacológico y conocer cómo se modifica su evolución con la aplicación de la acupuntura. Método: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental en 240 pacientes atendidos en consulta de Medicina Tradicional y Natural del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Lucia Iñiguez con diagnóstico de migraña desde el 1 de enero de 2010 al 31 de diciembre de 2013. Se dividió a los pacientes en dos grupos, a uno se le realizó tratamiento acupuntural con estimulación manual y al otro tratamiento farmacológico. Se aplicó el test de c2 para identificar si existía asociación entre la evolución buena y la aplicación de la acupuntura. Resultados: la evolución según comienzo del alivio de los síntomas fue buena en el grupo con acupuntura en el 57,5% de los pacientes en comparación con el 25% en el grupo control. En relación con la intensidad del dolor, fue buena en el 55% en el grupo con tratamiento acupuntural contra el 32,5% en el grupo control, y muestra una asociación significativa entre la evolución buena de los pacientes y la aplicación del tratamiento acupuntural, la cual se mostró también en la disminución de los días con cefalea y la mejoría en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Conclusiones: la aplicación de la acupuntura resultó una terapéutica efectiva en el manejo de estos pacientes.

Introduction: acupuncture is an alternative therapy for migraine headache. Objective: to compare the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment with the drug and to know the evolution changes when using acupuncture. Method: a quasi-experimental study in 240 patients with migraine at Traditional and Natural Medicine Consultation at Lucia Iñiguez Surgical Clinical Hospital, in Holguín, from January 2010 to December 2013 was carried out. The sample was divided into two groups: the first group was treated with the use of acupuncture and the other one with the use of drug treatment. The c2 test was used to identify association between the patients' good evolution and the use of acupuncture. Results: considering the symptom relief, the evolution was good in the group with acupuncture therapy (57.5%) comparing with the control group (25%). The pain intensity was good in 55% in the group with acupuncture treatment against 32.5% in the control group, showing a significant association between good patient outcomes and the application of acupuncture treatment, which was also showed in the decrease headache days and the quality of life improvement in patients. Conclusions: the use of acupuncture was an effective therapy in the management of these patients.

Satisfacción con el manejo del dolor posoperatorio en pacientes hospitalizados / Satisfaction with Postoperative Pain Management in Hospitalized Patients / Satisfação com a administração da dor pós-operatória em pacientes

Objetivo: determinar la satisfacción con el manejo del dolor en pacientes hospitalizados y su relación con la intensidad del mismo, el alivio y la orientación proporcionada al paciente para el manejo del dolor posoperatorio. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo correlacional. Muestreo aleatorio sistemático en una muestra de 193 pacientes. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Intensidad del Dolor y una cédula de datos. Resultados: el 48,2% de los participantes manifestaron dolor severo como máximo dolor durante las primeras 24 horas. En relación con el alivio del dolor, el 77,7% tuvo un manejo adecuado y el 85,5% recibió orientación preoperatoria. La satisfacción se ubicó en 9,54 (DE = 1,08). Se encontró diferencia significativa en la satisfacción del paciente según si recibió o no orientación (t = 71,23, p = 0,001), con mayor satisfacción en los que recibieron orientación (M = 9,65) (DE = 0,84). La satisfacción del paciente con el manejo del dolor está determinada por el máximo dolor posoperatorio y por la orientación preoperatoria recibida para el manejo del mismo (R2 = 0,17, p = 0,000). Conclusiones: el adecuado manejo del dolor en el paciente posoperatorio hospitalizado requiere valorar oportunamente el nivel de dolor y la orientación al paciente, aspectos elementales en los que enfermería juega un rol fundamental y son clave para incrementar la satisfacción.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify satisfaction with pain management in hospitalized patients and how it relates to the intensity of pain, relief and the guidance provided to the patient for postoperative pain management. Study Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive/correlational study featuring systematic random sampling in a group of 193 patients. The Pain Intensity Questionnaire and a fact sheet were used. Results: In all, 48.2% of the participants reported severe pain as the most pain experienced during the first 24 hours. With regard to pain relief, 77.7% had adequate management and 85.5% received preoperative guidance. Satisfaction was at 9.54 (SD = 1.08). There was a significant difference in patient satisfaction, depending on whether or not the patient received guidance (t = 71.23, p = 0.001). Satisfaction was greater among those who received guidance (M = 9.65) (SD = 0.84). Patient satisfaction with pain management is determined by maximum postoperative pain and the preoperative guidance received for its management (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.000). Conclusions: Appropriate management of pain in postoperative patients who are hospitalized requires assessing of the level of pain at the appropriate time and offering guidance to the patient. These are fundamental aspects in which nursing plays a vital role and are key to increasing satisfaction.

Objetivo: determinar a satisfação com a administração da dor em pacientes hospitalizados e sua relação com a intensidade desta, o alívio e a orientação proporcionada ao paciente para a administração da dor pós-operatória. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo correlacional. Amostra aleatória sistemática com 193 pacientes. Utilizou-se o Questionário de Intensidade da Dor e uma cédula de dados. Resultados: 48,2% dos participantes manifestaram dor aguda como máxima dor durante as primeiras 24 horas. Quanto ao alívio da dor, 77,7% tiveram uma administração adequada e 85,5% receberam orientação pré-operatória. A satisfação se posicionou em 9,54 (DE = 1,08). Constatou-se diferença significativa na satisfação do paciente dependendo de se este tinha recebido ou não orientação (t = 71,23, p = 0,001), com maior satisfação nos que receberam orientação (M = 9,65) (DE = 0,84). A satisfação do paciente com a administração da dor está determinada pela máxima dor pós-operatória e pela orientação pré-operatória recebida para a administração desta (R2 = 0,17, p = 0,000). Conclusões: a adequada administração da dor no paciente pós-operatório hospitalizado requer avaliar oportunamente o nível de dor e a orientação ao paciente, aspectos elementares nos quais a enfermagem desempenha um papel fundamental e são chaves para aumentar a satisfação.

Contributions of four pain domains to the prediction of patient functioning and pain interference

Pain is a multidimensional experience that can vary in intensity, quality and spatial and temporal characteristics. Although there is a great deal of research supporting the importance of pain intensity as a correlate of patient functioning, there is a lack of research examining the importance of the other components of pain, especially the temporal domain. The purpose of this study was to advance the understanding of the role of four pain domains in predicting both pain interference and psychological functioning in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis. The findings confirmed the significant association between pain intensity and measures of pain interference and psychological functioning, providing additional support for the importance of assessing pain intensity as a key component of chronic pain assessment. None of the other domains showed statistically significant associations with either of the criterion variables. However, we did find non-significant trends for pain temporal patterns to be associated with depressive symptoms. Specifically, there was a trend for patients reporting constant pain to report more depression than those reporting intermittent and variable pain. This suggests the possibility that the temporal pattern of pain may play a role in the impact of pain on depression; however, more research is needed to confirm this finding.

Prevalência e características de dor em pacientes internados em hospital português / Pain prevalence and characteristics in patients admitted to a Portuguese hospital

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os estudos de prevalência da dor apontam, sistematicamente, para valores elevados. Embora não comparáveis, a análise global permite inferir que em cada dois pacientes internados, um tem dor. Este estudo teve como principais objetivos determinar a prevalência da dor, suas características, tratamento analgésico e satisfação de usuários internados num hospital da Zona Centro de Portugal face à avaliação e tratamento da dor. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal e observacional realizado com 141 pacientes, internados há pelo menos 24 horas, em unidades cirúrgicas e médicas (excluídos os não comunicantes), com idade média de 69 anos, de ambos os gêneros, a quem foi realizada uma entrevista após o cumprimento dos respetivos procedimentos formais e éticos. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se prevalência de dor nas 24 horas anteriores ao estudo de 52,5% (28,8% dor intensa). Na altura da entrevista, a prevalência diminuiu para 41,1% (2,7% de dor intensa). Os pacientes com mais dor estavam internados nos serviços cirúrgicos e o tipo de dor era sobretudo musculoesquelética. A maioria dos pacientes com dor esperou, no máximo, 10 minutos para lhe ser administrado um analgésico. Dos 57 que referiram dor no momento da coleta dos dados, 46 (80,7%) não desejaram outro fármaco e 91,3% mostraram-se satisfeitos com o seu tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Nessa instituição houve prevalência e abordagem da dor semelhantes às da literatura, mas a dor ainda se encontra subtratada. Esses dados permitirão a definição e implementação de um programa de controle de dor mais dirigida e eficaz.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies on pain prevalence systematically point to high values. Although not comparable, a global analysis allows inferring that from every two hospitalized patients, one is in pain. This study aimed at determining pain prevalence, its characteristics, analgesic treatment and satisfaction of patients admitted to a hospital in the Center of Portugal with regard to pain evaluation and treatment. METHODS: This is a transversal and observational study with 141 patients admitted for at least 24 hours to surgical and medical units (excluded those unable to communicate), with mean age of 69 years, of both genders, who were interviewed after compliance with respective formal and ethic procedures. RESULTS: Pain prevalence in the 24 hours previous to the study was 52.5% (28.8% severe pain). During interviews, prevalence has decreased to 41.1% (2.7% severe pain). Patients with more severe pain were admitted to surgical services and pain was primarily musculoskeletal. Most patients with pain have waited no more than ten minutes before analgesics were administered. From 57 patients referring pain during data collection, 46 (80.7%) did not require a different drug and 91.3% were happy with their treatment. CONCLUSION: In this institution, there has been pain prevalence and approach similar to the literature, but pain remains undertreated. Such data shall allow the definition and implementation of a more focused and effective pain control program.

Chronic pain-related factors and the quality of life of fracture victims 27 months after the Sichuan earthquake / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate factors related to chronic pain in those injured with fractures 27 months after the Sichuan earthquake.The correlation between intensity of pain and quality of life was also analyzed.Methods A total of 705 victims were investigated on site.Their residual pain was categorized using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score as no pain,mild pain,moderate pain or severe pain.The pain-related biological,psychological and social factors were analyzed using the Barthel Index ( BI ),Life Satisfaction Questionaire-11 ( LiSat-11 )and the SF-36 health questionnaire. Rehabilitation and surgical interventions,employment,income and emotional status were also investigated. Results The incidence of chronic pain was 88.5％ in this population,of which mild pain and moderate pain were 35.7％ and 33.3％,respectively.The percentage of the victims who had received fracture surgery was 65.8％ ; the percentage of those who had recovered was 96.9％.BI scores for the victims without pain,with mild,moderate and severe pain were 92.7 + 10.2,92.8 + 8.4,91.2 ± 9.9 and 90.4 + 14.7,respectively ; the differences between these groups were all statistically insignificant.The influence of pain intensity on life satisfaction showed a significant linear trend.The percentages of the victims with restricted occupational ability in the four groups were 38.3％,61.5％,75.7％ and 62.8％ respectively.The median of personal annual income were ￥ 3550,￥ 2500,￥ 2000 and ￥ 2500.The VAS scores were significantly related to abnormal emotions,life satisfaction,employment and annual income.The subjects with different levels of residual pain also showed significant differences in the physical functioning,role-physical,bodily pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotional and mental health sub-scales of the SF-36.The total SF-36 scores were highest among victims without pain (70.6 + 17.5) and declined significantly in those with mild (61.3 + 14.3 ),moderate (52.7 + 14.3 ) and severe pain (52.3 + 14.7 ).This negative correlation between pain intensity and SF-36 total score was statistically significant. Conclusions Chronic pain remains common among fracture victims 27 months after the earthquake.Its intensity is correlated with psychological and social factors as well as quality of life.

The Relationships of Pain cognition, Performance Status, and Hope with Health-related Quality of Life in Cancer Patients / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of pain cognition, performance status, and hope with health-related quality of life. METHODS: Patients(n=149) with various cancer diagnoses completed the SF-36 standard Korean Version and the Herth Hope Index. The Perceived Meanings of Cancer Pain Inventory was used to measure the cognition dimension of pain, whereas the Brief Pain Inventory Korean version was used to represent the sensory dimension of pain. RESULTS: The patients in the pain group had significant differences in the three dimensions(loss, threat, spiritual awareness) of pain cognition. There were statistically significant negative correlations between the three dimensions(loss, threat, and spiritual awareness) of pain cognitions and SF-36 dimension, and the positive correlations between challenge dimension and SF-36 dimension. Hope had the positive correlation with SF-36 dimensions. CONCLUSION: Pain has a negative impact on health-related quality of life, especially on physical health. However, patients who ascribed more positive meaning to their pain, tended to have a higher quality of life. Therefore, nursing intervention to reinforce the positive aspects of pain cognition is to empower patients to create a sense of control and assume an active role in pain management and quality of life.

Self-reported Pain Intensity and Disability Related to Sleep Disturbance and Fatigue in Patients with Low-Back Pain

Low back pain is one of the most common symptoms in medical practice. Differential diagnosis of back pain is complicated, however. Self-reported pain intensity and disability may affect on the decision for diagnosis or therapy. Exaggerated symptoms may cause unnecessary investigations or even surgical interventions. Self-reported pain intensity and disability are not in proportion to the objective physical findings. We investigated the relationship between self-reported pain intensity or disability and sleep disturbance or fatigue. The study was conducted as a survey using a questionnaire from November 1997 to March 1998. The survey included consecutive 368 patients who visited the neurosurgical out-patient department complaining of low back pain. Pain intensity was measured by visual analog scale, and disability was assessed by Waddell's chronic disability index. By multiple regression analysis, self-reported pain intensity corresponded best with the sleep disturbance. Age and fatigue were also related to the pain intensity. There was no good agreement between pain intensity and region or duration of the pain, appetite or indigestion. Disability corresponded best with the sleep disturbance. Fatigue, appetite, and indigestion were also related to the disability. There was no good relationship between disability and region or duration of the pain, or age. Self-reported pain intensity and disability are related to the psychological distress represented as sleep disturbance, fatigue, poor appetite or indigestion. Inquiring about sleep or fatigue is important to understand the underlying psychological condition, which may exaggerate pain intensity and disability.