Rare Manifestations of Common Diseases: Middle-Aged Male Polyuria-Headache-Inflammatory Granulomatous Lesions / 罕见病研究

A middle-aged man was presented with poor appetite, polyuria, polydrpsia, and headache. A sellar mass was found, along with total pituitary hypofunction and visual field defect. A biopsy of the lesion via the trans-sphenoidal approach showed inflammatory changes and granuloma formation. However, repeated cerebrospinal fluid and pathogenic examination of the pathological tissue showed no positive indications. The initial diagnosis considered autoimmune hypophysitis, and treatment of glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressants was administered, which led to a temporary shrinkage of the lesion, but it gradually enlarged subsequently. After multidisciplinary discussion, a high possibility of pituitary tuberculosis infection was decided upon. After standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment was initiated, the lesion reduced noticeably and the patient′s condition improved. Pituitary tuberculosis infection is incredibly rare and extremely easy to misdiagnose. This case was diagnosed and treated in a timely and effective manner through a multidisciplinary approach, highlighting the importance of such an approach in dealing with rare diseases.

Extra-pituitary midline structural abnormalities associated with ectopic posterior pituitary detected on a new rapid MRI protocol (FAST1.2)

ABSTRACT Objective: Test if the MRI FAST1.2 protocol can detect extra-pituitary midline structural brain abnormalities in patients with ectopic posterior pituitary (EPP), and highlighting their radiological-laboratory correlations. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study of patients with EPP and control group. All individuals were submitted to FAST1.2, which combines the FAST1 protocol developed by our group with 3D T2DRIVE imaging. Results: We evaluated 36 individuals with EPP and 78 as control group. Pituitary stalk (PS) was identified in 7/36 patients in EPP group by FAST1, and in 24/36 patients in FAST1.2 (p < 0.001). FAST1 failed to detect PS in one individual in the control group, while the FAST1.2 defined the PS in all individuals. In EPP group, eleven had interhypothalamic adhesion (IHA), three septo-optic dysplasia, and one cerebellar malformation. We didn't observe higher frequency of panhypopituitarism or developmental delay in patients with IHA. In control group, three had pars intermedia cysts, one hydrocephalus, and one hypothalamic hamartoma. Conclusions: FAST1.2 allows confident recognition of midline structural abnormalities, including the pituitary stalk and IHA, thereby making MRI acquisition faster and with no need for contrast administration. IHA could be associated with defects in neuronal migration, as occur in patients with EPP, with no clinical significance.

Panhipopituitarismo secundario a hemorragia obstétrica profusa / Panhypopituitarism secondary to profuse obstetric haemorrhage

El síndrome de Sheehan o necrosis hipofisaria posparto, constituye la causa más importante de panhipopituitarismo, que de forma ocasional se asocia a hemorragia obstétrica profusa asociada a choque hipovolémico hemorrágico, ocasionando un colapso circulatorio intenso debido a isquemia de la adenohipófisis durante el parto o después del mismo, debido a que esta glándula endócrina sufre importantes cambios anatómicos e histológicos durante el embarazo, los cuales incrementan su volumen hasta en 40%. De esta forma, se produce una secreción reducida de las hormonas que ayudan a regular el crecimiento, la reproducción y el metabolismo, evidenciando en el examen hormonal detallado insuficiencia específicamente de la hormona de crecimiento, foliculoestimulante, luteinizante, estimulante de tiroides, adrenocorticotropica y prolactina predisponiendo a la paciente a inestabilidad hemodinámica a corto plazo así como desequilibrio hormonal permanente. Por esta importancia, es que se presenta el caso de una paciente que ingresó a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva tras cesárea iterativa debido a acretismo placentario llegando a la histerectomía total intercurriendo con choque hemorrágico, quien cursó durante su estancia en la Unidad con ausencia de recuperación neurológica total y características propias de síndrome de Sheehan, confirmándose el mismo por los niveles hormonales bajos y la ausencia de imagen en la silla turca correspondiente a la necrosis hipofisaria evidenciado por resonancia magnética, realizándose además una sucinta revisión acerca de la literatura relacionada actual.

ABSTRACT Sheehan syndrome or postpartum pituitary necrosis is the most common cause of hypopituitarism and occurs secondary to profuse obstetric haemorrhage with subsequent hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock, with intense circulatory collapse, predisposing to pituitary ischemia during delivery or after the same, due to the hypertrophic changes that occur in this gland during pregnancy. In this syndrome exists a reduced secretion of the hormones that regulate growth, reproduction and metabolism. We present the case of a female patient admitted to the Critical Care Unit after iterative cesarean due to placenta accreta and total hysterectomy, in hypovolemic shock secondary to severe hemorrhage, being suspicious of Sheehan´s syndrome, with characteristic clinical features, low hormone levels and the absence of image in the Turkish chair corresponding to the pituitary necrosis.

A Case of Adipsic Hypernatremia in a Patient with Panhypopituitarism Treated with Growth Hormone Replacement

Adipsic hypernatremia is a rare disease where patients do not feel thirst even in the increased serum osmotic pressure and results in electrolyte imbalance, severely increased osmotic pressure and neurologic symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and seizures. We report a 12-year-old male patient who had underwent a trans-sphenoidal surgery for craniopharyngioma newly diagnosed with adipsic hypernatremia after having growth hormone replacement for growth hormone deficiency. The patient visited emergency room complaining of generalized weakness, tremor in both legs, and poor oral intake including water after starting growth hormone replacement therapy. Laboratory test revealed serum sodium 168 mmol/L and serum osmolality 329 mOsm/kg, despite the patient didn't feel any thirst at all. We treated him with scheduled water intake of 2.5 L a day with intranasal vasopressin. He admitted to Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital and Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital for 4 times during the following 8 months and serum sodium level and osmolality was controlled by scheduled water intake combined with intranasal vasopressin treatment. It is still unclear whether growth hormone replacement worked as a trigger of hypernatremia.

Panhipopituitarismo y escotoma perimacular como presentación de enfermedad relacionada a IgG4 / IgG4 related disease presenting as panhypopituitarism and perimacular scotoma

La enfermedad relacionada a IgG4 (IgG4-RD) constituye una entidad sistémica recientemente descrita, de causa desconocida. Afecta predominantemente a hombres mayores y presenta características histopatológicas distintivas, como fibrosis estoriforme, flebitis obliterante y denso infiltrado linfoplasmocitario con inmunomarcación para IgG4, pudiendo estar asociada a elevación sérica de dicha inmunoglobulina. Si bien cualquier órgano puede estar afectado, el compromiso de la hipófisis es infrecuente. Describimos el caso de un hombre de 36 años que se presentó con cefaleas, alteración del campo visual, panhipopituitarismo, diabetes insípida y una imagen que mostraba una lesión infiltrativa infundíbulo-panhipofisaria extendida. Arribamos al diagnóstico de IgG4-RD a través de biopsia hipofisaria. La respuesta al tratamiento con dosis inmunosupresoras de corticoides fue exitosa.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently described systemic entity of unknown origin. It predominantly affects older men and has distinctive histopathologic features as storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with immunostaining for IgG4, and it may be associated with elevated serum levels of IgG4. Although any organ can be affected, pituitary gland is rarely involved. We describe the case of a 36-year-old man who presented with headaches, impaired vision, panhypopituitarism with diabetes insipidus and an infiltrative lesion mainly of infundibulum and pituitary. We arrived at diagnosis of IgG4-RD by pituitary biopsy. A successful response to treatment with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids was achieved.

Primary Granulomatous Hypophysitis Presenting with Panhypopituitarism and Central Diabetes Insipidus / 대한내과학회지

Primary granulomatous hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the pituitary gland and patients commonly present with symptoms of sellar compression and hypopituitarism. A 48-year-old woman was admitted due to headache and fatigue. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 21 x 18 x 13-mm round sellar mass with a thickened pituitary stalk. The endocrinological examination revealed panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus. Suspecting hypophysitis, the patient was given steroid and hormone replacement therapy. Six months later, she continued to complain of severe headaches and nausea. Computed tomography showed no significant change in the sellar mass. Subsequently, transsphenoidal surgery was performed. The pathological examination revealed granulomatous changes with multinucleated giant cells and primary granulomatous hypophysitis was diagnosed. Her headache resolved, but the pituitary functions did not improve. This is the first reported case in Korea of primary granulomatous hypophysitis with dysfunction of anterior and posterior pituitary gland, including the stalk, without optic chiasm compression.

Multiple Atraumatic Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures in an Adolescent with Suprasellar Germinoma: A Case Report

We present the case of a patient with multiple atraumatic osteoporotic vertebral fractures in an adolescent with suprasellar germinoma and also review of relevant literature. The patient suffered from a rare adolescent brain tumour with common complications which are often overlooked and give rise to significant morbidity. Suprasellar germinoma is an intracranial neoplasm, that in addition to its rarity, has variable clinical presentation. Despite appropriate treatment and good outcome, tumour related morbidity is still of concern for these patients.

Hyponatremia in a Patient with a Sellar Mass / 전남의대학술지

A 59-year-old man with confused mental status was admitted to our hospital. Laboratory reports showed him to have severe hyponatremia, and additional studies revealed panhypopituitarism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a sellar cystic lesion, which consisted of a Rathke cleft cyst. Thus, the mass effect of the Rathke cleft cyst resulted in panhypopituitarism and finally induced euvolemic hyponatremia. On the basis of these results, supplementation with thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid was started, and the patient's serum sodium level was gradually corrected and maintained within the normal range. Here, we report this case of euvolemic hyponatremia caused by a Rathke cleft cyst.

A Case of Pituitary Abscess that was Difficult to Diagnose due to Repeated Symptomatic Responses to Every Corticosteroid Administration

Pituitary abscess is a rare pathology, but it is a potentially life-threatening condition. Therefore, timely intervention, including antibiotics and an operation, can prevent the morbidity and mortality in such cases. A 31-year-old woman, who was 16 months after her second delivery, presented with intermittent headache for 3 months. Amenorrhea, polyuria and polydipsia were noticed and the endocrinological hormone studies were compatible with panhypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus. Pituitary MRI demonstrated a 2.3 cm sized cystic mass with an upper small nodular lesion. Her symptoms such as headache and fever were repeatedly improved whenever corticosteroid was administered, which led us to suspect the diagnosis of an inflammatory condition like lymphocytic hypophysitis. During the hormone replacement therapy, her cystic pituitary mass had grown and her symptoms progressively worsened for another two months. The patient underwent trans-sphenoidal exploration and she turned out to have a pituitary abscess. At the 3-month follow-up, amenorrhea was noticed and her residual function of the pituitary was tested by a combined pituitary stimulation test. The results were compatible with panhypopituitarism. She received levothyroxine 100 microg, prednisolone 5 mg and desmopressin spray and she is being observed at the out-patient clinic. The authors experienced a patient with primary pituitary abscess that was confirmed pathologically and we report on its clinical course with a literature review.

Hyponatremia in a Patient with a Sellar Mass / 전남의대학술지

A 59-year-old man with confused mental status was admitted to our hospital. Laboratory reports showed him to have severe hyponatremia, and additional studies revealed panhypopituitarism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a sellar cystic lesion, which consisted of a Rathke cleft cyst. Thus, the mass effect of the Rathke cleft cyst resulted in panhypopituitarism and finally induced euvolemic hyponatremia. On the basis of these results, supplementation with thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid was started, and the patient's serum sodium level was gradually corrected and maintained within the normal range. Here, we report this case of euvolemic hyponatremia caused by a Rathke cleft cyst.

Síndrome de Sheehan: descripción de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Sheehan’s syndrome: a case report and literature review

Introducción: la necrosis hipofisaria posparto o síndrome de Sheehan se presenta secundaria a una hemorragia obstétrica, ocasionando un colapso circulatorio intenso el cual, a su vez, predispone a la isquemia de la hipófisis aumentada de tamaño. Objetivo: presentar un caso clínico de una paciente quien consultó por manifestaciones tardías de este síndrome y hacer una revisión de la literatura. Metodología: se buscó información en la bases de datos de PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane y SciELO; así como en referencias de artículos de revista y textos principalmente de los últimos cinco años. Seguidamente, se tomaron los siete artículos más relevantes según la calificación de la revista en donde fueron publicados. Resultados: la característica clínica del síndrome de Sheehan que se manifiesta con mayor frecuencia es la incapacidad para lactar debido a una producción insuficiente de prolactina. Otras manifestaciones tardías incluyen: secreción inadecuada de la hormona antidiurética y deficiencias en la secreción de cortisol, de hormona tiroidea y de gonadotrofinas. Es importante que el obstetra y el médico general sepan reconocer este síndrome, ya que la pérdida aguda del funcionamiento de la adenohipófisis puede ser de mal pronóstico si no se realiza un reemplazo hormonal adecuado. Además, el buen control hormonal evita o disminuye las complicaciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares. Conclusión: el síndrome de Sheehan es una enfermedad poco frecuente, la cual es difícil de diagnosticar tempranamente. Asimismo, requiere una terapia de reemplazo hormonal con controles permanentes clínicos y paraclínicos.

Introduction: postpartum pituitary necrosis, or Sheehan’s syndrome, occurs following obstetric haemorrhage which causes intense circulatory collapse, thereby predisposing pituitary ischemia leading to this organ becoming enlarged (the posterior pituitary is generally affected). This document presents a clinical case of a patient who consulted due to late manifestations of this syndrome. A literature review is also made. Objective: presenting the case of a patient who consulted for late manifestations of Sheehan’s syndrome and reviewing the pertinent literature. Methodology: information was sought in the PubMed / Medline, Cochrane, SciELO databases and references from articles in journals and texts (mainly from the last five years) were also taken into account. The seven most relevant articles were taken according to the impact of the journal in which they were published. Results: the most frequently found clinical characteristic was an inability to lactate due to insufficient prolactin production. The most common clinical feature found was an inability to breastfeed due to insufficient prolactin production. Other manifestations included inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and cortisol, thyroid hormone and gonadotropin secretion deficiencies. Obstetricians and GPs should be able to recognise this syndrome and know about its management as the acute loss of adenohypophysis functioning may have a poor prognosis without timely and suitable hormone replacement. Good hormone control prevents or decreases metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Conclusion: this is a rare syndrome in which early diagnosis is difficult and requires hormone replacement therapy with ongoing clinical and laboratory controls.

Panhipopituitarismo secundario a macroadenoma hipofisario no funcionante en la adolescencia

Objetivo: Presentar el caso poco frecuente de una adolescente con un macroadenoma hipofisario no funcionante que le produjo un hipopituitarismo. Se hace una revisión de la literatura. Caso Clínico: Adolescente femenina de 16 años 2 meses de edad quien presenta poco progreso en talla y ausencia de caracteres sexuales secundarios; refiere concomitantemente cefaleas ocasionales. Al examen físico presenta talla y peso por debajo del pc 3, velocidad de crecimiento 2,8 cm/año, cubitus valgus, paladar ojival, cuarto metacarpiano corto, no tiromegalia. Genitales, mamas, vello axilar y púbico Tanner I. Se hace diagnóstico de talla baja patológica y retraso puberal y se indican exámenes de paraclínicos. Los resultados de laboratorio muestran un déficit de hormona de crecimiento (GH) y un hipocortisolismo, con función tiroidea conservada. Edad ósea de 11 años para una edad cronológica de 15 años. Cariotipo 46,XX. Rx lateral de cráneo muestra silla turca amplia y excavada. Us pélvico: útero en anteversion, central, con longitud de 20 mm; no se visualizan línea endometrial ni ovarios. La RMN muestra el piso de la región selar deformado, excavado, con imagen compatible con LOE de contornos más o menos definidos con señal intermedia baja y dishomogénea en T1, con realce hipertenso dishomogéneo tras la administración del medio de contraste, de aproximadamente 2,9 x 1,36 cm. de diámetro, con compromiso de los elementos supraselares, ejerciendo efecto compresivo sobre el infundíbulo el cual deforma el quiasma óptico. Se hace diagnóstico de Panhipopituitarismo secundario a Macroadenoma Hipofisario no Secretante, con Déficit de GH, Hipogonadismo Hipogonadotropo e Insuficiencia Suprarrenal Secundaria (Déficit de ACTH). Se indica tratamiento con hidrocortisona por vía oral. Se refiere para resolución quirúrgica por vía transesfenoidal ya que en nuestro centro no se realiza. Se desconoce el reporte histológico del tumor y la evolución de la paciente. Conclusiones: Los adenomas hipofisarios representan menos del 2-3% de todos los tumores intracraneales y sus manifestaciones clínicas dependen de la suma de un efecto masa, que causa alteraciones neurológicas, y la afectación de la secreción hormonal, ya sea por exceso o por defecto. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico temprano, así como un tratamiento efectivo y seguimiento a largo plazo.

Objective: To present the uncommon case of a teenager with a non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma that resulted in a hypopituitarism. A literature review is done. Case Report: Female adolescent of 16 years 2 months of age who presents little progress in stature and absence of secondary sexual characters; concomitantly refers occasional headaches. Physical examination: height and weight below the 3 pc, growth velocity 2.8 cm/year, cubitus valgus, ojival palate, short fourth metacarpal, no thyroid enlargement. Genitals, breasts, axillary and pubic hair, Tanner I. The diagnosis of pathological short stature and delayed puberty is done and paraclinical examinations are indicated. Laboratory results show a deficit of growth hormone (GH) and a hypocortisolism with preserved thyroid function. Bone age of 11 years for a chronological age of 15 years. Karyotype 46, XX. Rx of the skull shows a wide and excavated sella turcica. Pelvic Us: central uterus, in anteversion, 20 mm in length and the endometrium and ovaries were no visible. NMR shows the floor of the sellar region warped, carved, with a image compatible with tumour of defined contours, with low-intermediate and dishomogenea signal on T1, with hypertensive and heterogeneou enhancement after administration of contrast medium, approximately 2.9 x 1.36 cm. in diameter, with involvement of the supraselares elements exerting compressive effect on the infundibulum, which deforms the optic chiasm. The diagnosis of panhypopituitarism secondary to pituitary non functioning macroadenoma is done, with GH deficiency, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and secondary adrenal insufficiency (ACTH deficiency). Treatment with oral hydrocortisone is indicated. The patient is referred for resolution by transsphenoidal surgery. The histological report of the tumor and the evolution of the patient are unknown. Conclusions: Pituitary adenomas account for less than 2-3% of all intracranial tumours, and their clinical manifestations depend on the sum of a mass effect, which causes neurological disorders, and the disruption of hormonal secretion, either up or down. It is important to make an early diagnosis, an effective treatment and long-term monitoring.

Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage and Hemothorax After Intravenous Heparin Treatment

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage is a rare complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The patient can be in danger if bleeding is not stopped immediately. However, it is not easy to control the bleeding completely because the bleeding foci can be multiple and there is a rich network of collateral circulation. We report a case of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage successfully treated using multiple microcoils. One year later, panhypopituitarism occurred as a likely consequence of the accompanying hypovolemic shock.

A Case of Panhypopituitarism with Rhabdomyolysis / 대한내분비학회지

Rhabdomyolysis is the consequence of extensive muscle injury with the release of muscle cell constituents into plasma. It can arise from trauma and also from a variety of nontraumatic causes. Trauma, drugs, toxins and infection are the major causes of rhabdomyolysis, but it is rarely associated with metabolic disorders such as severe electrolyte disturbance, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. There have been several reported cases of metabolic rhabdomyolysis, but panhypopituitarism as a cause has never been identified. We experienced a case of acute rhabdomyolysis associated with panhypopituitarism. Thus, So we report this case with the review of related literature. Metabolic disorder is a rare cause of rhabdomyolysis, but it should always be considered in a patient having and unexplained increased of the creatine kinase concentration

Successful pregnancy and birth in a patient with panhypopituitarism caused by craniopharyngioma / 대한산부인과학회지

Conceptions and uncomplicated pregnancies in patients with panhypopituitarism are rare especially after treatment of craniopharyngioma. We recently experienced a case of a patient with panhypopituitarism who became pregnant by gonadotropin therapy and gave birth to a healthy baby. A 33-year-old woman developed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and diabetes insipidus because of craniopharyngioma which was surgically removed. Post-operative panhypopituitarism with diabetes insipidus was treated with adequate doses of L-thyroxin, prednisolone, desmopressin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), conjugated estrogen. To induce ovulation, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were administered, and a single intrauterine insemination (IUI) procedure was performed. The patient became pregnant and gave birth to a healthy baby. This case suggests that ovulation induction using gonadotropins and comprehensive hormone replacement therapy can result in the successful pregnancy in patients with panhypopituitarism after treatment of craniopharyngioma.

A Case of Panhypopituitarism Due to Craniopharyngioma with Slipped Capitalis Femoral Epiphysis / 대한내분비학회지

Craniopharyngioma accounts for 3% to 5% of intracranial tumors and is the second most common neoplasm in the sellar region. Panhypopituitarism associated with craniopharyngioma has been reported in 7% of all patients with craniopharyngioma. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is the condition in which the femoral head slips downward and backward on the femoral neck at the epiphyseal plate due to growth disturbance of capital physis, the actual cause of which is unknown. It is a disease of adolescence, during which many physiologic hormonal changes occur. The clinical association between slipped capital femoral epiphysis and endocrine disease is well known. There have been four cases of slipped capital femoral epiphysis associated with endocrine disorders in Korea. This is the first Korean case report of slipped capital femoral epiphysis combined with craniopharyngioma caused by hypopituitarism

Panhypopituitarism in a Pregnant Woman with Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome and Residual Pituitary Adenoma / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the most serious complication of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and ovulation induction. High serum estradiol concentration can induce the increase of capillary permeability and fluid shift, and it can results in hypovolemia, hemoconcetration, thromboembolism, oliguria, ascites and even death. This physiologic changes of OHSS and/or pregnancy might induce the deterioration of pituitary function in patients with abnormal pituitary conditions such as low pituitary reserve or tumor. However, all this while, panhypopituitarism or pituitary apoplexy in a pregnant woman with OHSS and/or pituitary adenoma has not been reported. We have experienced a case of panhypopituitarism developed in a pregnant woman with severe OHSS and residual pituitary adenoma. She had residual prolactinoma, despite a transsphenoidal adenoidectomy, and had suffered from uncontrolled hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) and chronic anovulation. Therefore, she had taken ovulation induction for getting a pregnancy and conceived, but, in the conception cycle, she was hospitalized for management of severe OHSS and hyperemesis gravidarum. During the period of hospitalization, abrupt panhypopituitarism was developed unexpectedly. Therefore, we present this case with the brief review of literature.

A Case of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma with Panhypopituitarism

A primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL) is defined as a lymphoma limited to the cranialspinal axis without systemic involvement. PCNSLs were formerly very rare, only 0.5~1.2% of all intracranial neoplasms, and were usually associated with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome(AIDS) and other immuno-compromised states. Recently, there has been a clear rise in the incidence of this disease among normal individuals. We describe a 77-year-old female with hyponatremia who presented with a confused mental state. Computed tomography(CT) of the brain demonstrated a suprasellar mass with enhancement. We evaluated the basic hormonal studies and the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). A ventricular biopsy was done, and the result was a diffuse, large, B-cell-type malignant lymphoma. She presented panhypopituitarism and partial central diabetes insipidus. She received chemotheraphy and was discharged in an improved condition. We report a case of panhypopituitarism due to PCNSL and give a review of the literature.

A Case of Synchronized Pineal and Suprasellar Germinoma / 대한내분비학회지

Pineal germinomas are the most common intracranial germ cell tumor and occur in relatively young age, with 26% between 10 and 12, 65% between 10 and 21 and 95% before age 27. Patients with pineal germinoma present headache, lethargy, nausea, and vomiting which result from raised intracranial pressure and Parinaud's syndrome secondary to midbrain tectal compression, and rarely endocrine dysfunction such as diabetes insipidus (DI), panhypopituitarism, and precocious puberty. We experienced a case of pineal and suprasellar germinoma presenting with central diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism.

Sheehan's Syndrome: UP-PGH experience from 1974-1984

Nineteen patients with a diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome or postpartum hypopituitarism admitted to the UP-PGH Medical Center from 1974-1984 were reviewed. The history, signs and symptoms, and results of various laboratory examinations were assessed. Two patients had available postmortem reports Panhypopituitarism (89%) was more common than selective hypopituitarism. LSH producing cells seemed to be spared more often than the others. Hypothyroidism was seen in only 89% of the cases as compared to gonadal failure (100%), and cortisol insufficiency (100%). The pituitary involvement was not limited to the anterior pituitary but may involve the posterior pituitary and or the hypothalamus as suggested by the coexistence of manifestations of diabetes insipidus in 2 of our patients Most common cause of postpartum pituitary necrosis was obstetric hemorrhage but it could also be produced by any condition resulting in severe shock. The syndrome was usually heralded by failure of lactation and amenorrhea associated later with loss of axillary and public hair; genital, uterine, and breast atrophy; symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism and various degrees of adrenocortical insufficiency The different tests designed to show target organ failure did not show positivity in all patients. Among the tests which showed consistent results and thus were most helpful for diagnosis were determinations of: FSH, cortisol and T4 There is excellent prognosis for a productive life of patients with replacement of all target gland hormonal deficiencies. However, failure to diagnose it is disastrous for the patients. Continuation of treatment especially in the presence of stress, i.e. infection should be emphasized by the physicians. Regular follow-up at intervals of all patients with Sheehan's syndrome is necessarily recommended, (Summary)