Infección de vías urinarias por Pantoea Agglomerans / Urinary tract infection by Pantoea agglomerans

La infección del tracto urinario es especialmente frecuente en mujeres, las bacterias aerobias gram negativas son las responsables del mayor número de casos. Pantoea agglomerans denominado previamente Enterobacter agglomerans es un bacilo anaerobio Gram negativo que pocas veces se ha descrito como patógeno en el ser humano; se han reportado casos de infecciones cutáneas, osteomielitis y sinovitis posterior a trauma con plantas; e infecciones nosocomiales especialmente en pacientes inmunodeprimidos que se han asociado a material médico contaminado, siendo la mayor parte de los casos resistentes a betalactámicos. Se presenta un insólito caso clínico de cistitis por Pantoea agglomerans en una mujer de 30 años, inmunocompetente, sin antecedentes de hospitalización ni instrumentación o sondaje de vía urinaria; fue manejada con esquema alargado de betalactámicos, con respuesta favorable a la antibiótico terapia. El diagnóstico de infección urinaria por P. agglomerans en pacientes inmunocompetentes es inusual, su escaso aislamiento podría relacionarse a la dificultad de identificar esta bacteria en muestras biológicas y la resistencia a antibioticoterapia podría asociarse en los pacientes hospitalizados a la amplia y prolongada administración de antibióticos en su estancia hospitalaria. Por ello se recomienda solicitar urocultivo y su respectivo antibiograma en pacientes con infección sintomática del tracto urinario para disponer de información del patógeno aislado y dar un adecuado manejo antimicrobiano contemplando el esquema más adecuado...(AU)

Wound infection by Pantoea agglomerans after penetrating plant injury

Pantoea agglomerans is a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium that has been linked to skin and joint infections secondary to plant injuries. Herein we report a 58-year-old woman who presented with 2 erythematous nodules with purulent discharge on the anterior aspect of the right leg that developed after a penetrating plant injury. The patient was initially treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cloxacillin and clindamycin without improvement. P. agglomerans was isolated from both exudate and skin biopsy cultures. Healing of the lesions was achieved after the spontaneous release of a retained plant fragment and treatment with cotrimoxazole. Identification of P. agglomerans in persistent exudative lesions should alert the clinician regarding a possible previous plant injury and retained vegetal fragments. Conventional antibiotic treatment and the extraction of retained foreign bodies usually lead to complete resolution.

Shoot rot of Zizania latifolia and the first record of its pathogen Pantoea ananatis in China / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The aquatic grass Zizania latifolia grows symbiotically with the fungus Ustilago esculenta producing swollen structures called Jiaobai, widely cultivated in China. A new disease of Z. latifolia was found in Zhejiang Province, China. Initial lesions appeared on the leaf sheaths or sometimes on the leaves near the leaf sheaths. The lesions extended along the axis of the leaf shoots and formed long brown to dark brown streaks from the leaf sheath to the leaf, causing sheath rot and death of entire leaves on young plants. The pathogen was isolated and identified as the bacterium Pantoea ananatis, based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, multilocus sequence analysis (atpD (β-subunit of ATP synthase F1), gyrB (DNA gyrase subunit B), infB (translation initiation factor 2), and rpoB (β‍-subunit of RNA polymerase) genes), and pathogenicity tests. Ultrastructural observations using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bacterial cells colonized the vascular tissues in leaf sheaths, forming biofilms on the inner surface of vessel walls, and extended between vessel elements via the perforated plates. To achieve efficient detection and diagnosis of P. ananatis, species-specific primer pairs were designed and validated by testing closely related and unrelated species and diseased tissues of Z. latifolia. This is the first report of bacterial sheath rot disease of Z. latifolia caused by P. ananatis in China.

Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemases among ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriales recovered from a municipal raw sewage in Minas Gerais, Brazil

SUMMARY Introduction: The capacity of resistance to ß-lactam among enterobacteriales is notable, mainly into water environment. Herein, many species of this family have the ability to carrier and produce ß-lactamases enzymes, such as extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. However, contrary to clinical settings, where the distribution of resistant bacteria is well documented, the evidence of resistant pathogens in the domestic sewage has been little explored, especially in Brazil. Thus, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of ESBL and carbapenemases between ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriales recovered from a municipal raw sewage in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Enterobacteriales were isolated from sewage samples on MacConkey agar supplemented with ampicillin. Species identification was performed by biochemical and morphological methods and the resistance profile determined by the Kirby-Bauer test. The production of ESBL and carbapenemase was investigated in all isolates by phenotypic tests. Results and discussion: A total of 45 species of enterobacteriales resistant to ampicillin were recovered (37 Escherichia coli, four Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii and Pantoea agglomerans). Most isolates showed a high ß-lactam susceptibility profile (14/45, 31.1 %), however E. coli with decreased susceptibility to imipenem was detected (2/37; 2.7 %). ESBL-positive isolates were mostly identified as E. coli (10/45; 22.2 %), but no isolates were positive carbapenemase. Conclusion: Domestic sewage is an important source of ß-lactams resistant determinants in Brazil.

Introdução: a capacidade de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos entre enterobacteriales é notável, principalmente no ambiente aquático. Nessa direção, muitas espécies desta família têm a capacidade de transportar e produzir enzimas ß-lactamases, especialmente a ß-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) e as carbapenemases. Porém, ao contrário do cenário clínico, onde a distribuição de bactérias resistentes é bem documentada, as evidências de patógenos resistentes no esgoto doméstico têm sido pouco exploradas, principalmente no Brasil. Assim, objetivamos investigar a ocorrência de ESBL e carbapenemases entre enterobacteriales resistentes à ampicilina recuperadas de um esgoto bruto municipal em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: enterobacteriales foram isoladas de amostras de esgoto em ágar MacConkey suplementado com ampicilina. A identificação das espécies foi realizada por métodos bioquímicos e morfológicos e o perfil de resistência determinado pelo teste de Kirby-Bauer. A produção de ESBL e carbapenemase foi investigada em todos os isolados por testes fenotípicos. Resultados e discussão: foram recuperadas 45 isolados de enterobacteriales resistentes à ampicilina (37 Escherichia coli, quatro Klebsiella pneumoniae e uma Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii e Pantoea agglomerans). A maioria dos isolados apresentou um perfil de alta susceptibilidade aos ß-lactâmicos (14/45, 31,1 %), porém E. coli com susceptibilidade diminuída ao imipenem foi detectada (2/37; 2,7 %). Os isolados ESBL-positivos foram identificados principalmente como E. coli (10/45; 22,2 %), mas nenhum isolado foi positivo para a carbapenemase. Conclusão: o esgoto doméstico é uma importante fonte de determinantes de resistência aos ß-lactâmicos no Brasil.

Introducción: la capacidad de resistencia a betalactámicos entre enterobacteriales es notable, principalmente en el medio acuático. En este sentido, muchas especies de esta familia tienen la capacidad de transportar y producir enzimas ß-lactamasas, especialmente ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) y carbapenemasas. Sin embargo, en contraste con el escenario clínico, donde la distribución de bacterias resistentes está bien documentada, la evidencia de patógenos resistentes en las aguas residuales domésticas ha sido poco explorada, especialmente en Brasil. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo es investigar la ocurrencia de BLEE y carbapenemasas entre enterobacteriales resistentes a ampicilina recuperadas de un alcantarillado municipal sin tratar en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: se aislaron enterobacteriales de muestras de aguas residuales en agar MacConkey suplementado con ampicilina. La identificación de las especies se realizó mediante métodos bioquímicos y morfológicos y el perfil de resistencia se determinó mediante la prueba de Kirby-Bauer. La producción de BLEE y carbapenemasa se investigó en todos los aislamientos mediante pruebas fenotípicas. Resultados y discusión: se recuperaron 45 aislamientos de enterobacteriales resistentes a ampicilina (37 Escherichia coli, cuatro Klebsiella pneumoniae y una Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii y Pantoea agglomerans). La mayoría de los aislamientos tenían un perfil de susceptibilidad alto a los (3-lactámicos (14/45, 31,1 %), pero se detectó E. coli con susceptibilidad reducida al imipenem (2/37; 2,7 %). Los aislamientos positivos para BLEE se identificaron principalmente como E. coli (10/45; 22,2 %), pero ningún aislado fue positivo para carbapenemasa. Conclusión: las aguas residuales domésticas son una fuente importante de determinantes de la resistencia a los ß-lactámicos en Brasil.

Synthesis of b(1 ? 3) and b(1 ? 6) galactooligosaccharides from lactose and whey using a recombinant b-galactosidase from Pantoea anthophila

BACKGROUND: Milk whey, a byproduct of the dairy industry has a negative environmental impact, can be used as a raw material for added-value compounds such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS) synthesis by bgalactosidases. RESULTS: B-gal42 from Pantoea anthophila strain isolated from tejuino belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family GH42, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and used for GOS synthesis from lactose or milk whey. Crude cell-free enzyme extracts exhibited high stability; they were employed for GOS synthesis reactions. In reactions with 400 g/L lactose, the maximum GOS yield was 40% (w/w) measured by HPAEC-PAD, corresponding to 86% of conversion. This enzyme had a strong predilection to form GOS with b(1 ? 6) and b (1 ? 3) galactosyl linkages. Comparing GOS synthesis between milk whey and pure lactose, both of them at 300 g/L, these two substrates gave rise to a yield of 38% (60% of lactose conversion) with the same product profile determined by HPAEC-PAD. CONCLUSIONS: B-gal42 can be used on whey (a cheap lactose source) to produce added value products such as galactooligosaccharides.

Atividade de nucleação de gelo e densidade populacional do patógeno podem ser fatores que contribuem para o progresso da doença mancha branca do milho / Ice nucleation activity and density of the pathogen population may be factors that contribute to the progression of maize white spot disease / La actividad de nucleación de hielo y la densidad de población del patógeno pueden ser factores que contribuyen al progreso de la enfermedad mancha blanca del maíz

A Mancha Branca do Milho (MBM) é uma doença foliar que tem causado perdas apreciáveis, tanto qualitativas como quantitativas para a produção de milho. Seu agente etiológico, a Pantoea ananatis, é uma bactéria epifítica, Gram-negativa formadora de colônia amarela, capaz de formar gelo, mesmo em ambiente tropical (ice nucleation activity - INA). Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar isolados de P. ananatis quanto à atividade INA e avaliar o efeito da densidade bacteriana na expressão do fenótipo INA e no processo de desenvolvimento da doença. O agente patogênico foi isolado de lesões iniciais da doença, as anasarcas, e avaliado quanto à expressão do fenótipo INA em diferentes concentrações bacterianas. O mesmo foi feito com isolados epifíticos obtidos da superfície foliar de plantas de milho sadias. Dos 24 isolados bacterianos estudados, apenas 13 apresentaram o fenótipo INA+. A expressão deste fenótipo foi dependente da densidade celular. Isolados INA+ e INA­ foram inoculados em folhas destacadas e em plantas da cultivar HS200 a campo, em diferentes concentrações do inóculo. Nenhum isolado INA­ reproduziu sintomas em laboratório. Dos cinco isolados INA+ somente um deles reproduziu sintomas em laboratório. Em campo o isolado INA+ foi capaz de promover lesões em todas as concentrações avaliadas. Conclui-se que a atividade de nucleação de gelo pela bactéria P. ananatis é dependente da linhagem e da densidade bacteriana e este fenômeno pode estar envolvido no desenvolvimento dos sintomas da MBM.(AU)

Maize White Spot Disease is a leaf disease that has caused considerable losses, both qualitative and quantitative for corn production. Its etiologic agent, Pantoea ananatis, is an epiphytic, Gram-negative, yellow colony-forming bacterium, capable of forming ice, even in tropical environments at temperatures where this normally does not occur (Ice Nucleation Activity - INA). This study aimed at characterizing P. ananatis isolates in terms of INA activity and evaluating the effect of bacterial density on the expression of the INA phenotype and on the disease development process. The pathogen was isolated from the initial lesions of the disease, the anasarcas, and were evaluated for the expression of the INA phenotype in different bacterial concentrations. The same procedure was performed on epiphytic isolates obtained from the leaf surface of healthy maize plants. From the 24 bacterial isolates studied, only 13 presented the INA+ phenotype. The expression of this phenotype is dependent on cell density. INA+ and INA­ isolates were inoculated on detached leaves and on plants of cultivar HS200 in the field, in different concentrations of the inoculum. No INA­ isolates reproduced symptoms in the laboratory. From the five INA+ isolates, only one of them reproduced symptoms in the laboratory. In the field, the INA+ isolate was able to promote lesions in all concentrations evaluated. It can be concluded that the ice nucleation activity by P. ananatis is dependent on the strain and bacterial density and this phenomenon may be involved in the development of Maize White Spot Disease symptoms.(AU)

La mancha blanca del maíz es una enfermedad de la hoja que ha causado pérdidas considerables, tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas para la producción de maíz. Su agente etiológico, Pantoea ananatis, es una bacteria epífita, Gram-negativa, formadora de colonias amarillas, capaz de causar hielo, incluso en ambientes tropicales a temperaturas donde esto normalmente no ocurre (actividad de nucleación de hielo - INA). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los aislados de P. ananatis en términos de actividad de INA y evaluar el efecto de la densidad bacteriana en la expresión del fenotipo de INA y en el proceso de desarrollo de la enfermedad. El patógeno se aisló de las lesiones iniciales de la enfermedad, las anasarcas, y se evaluó la expresión del fenotipo INA en diferentes concentraciones bacterianas. Lo mismo se hizo con aislamientos epifitos obtenidos de la superficie de la hoja de plantas de maíz sanas. De los 24 aislados bacterianos estudiados, solo 13 presentaron el fenotipo INA+. La expresión de este fenotipo depende de la densidad celular. Se inocularon aislamientos INA+ e INA- en hojas desprendidas y en plantas del cultivar HS200 en el campo, en diferentes concentraciones del inóculo. Ninguno aislado INA- reprodujo síntomas en el laboratorio. De los cinco aislamientos de INA+, solo uno de ellos reprodujo síntomas en el laboratorio. En el campo, el aislado INA+ pudo promover lesiones en todas las concentraciones evaluadas. Se concluye que la nucleación de hielo por P. ananatis depende de la cepa y la densidad bacteriana, y este fenómeno puede estar involucrado en el desarrollo de los síntomas de la enfermedad de la mancha blanca del maíz.(AU)

Evaluation of isolation and field effect of ginseng disease resistance and growth-promoting bacteria / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed to isolate the strains with both disease resistance and growth-promoting, and clarify the field application effects of the strain for laying the further application foundation. The strains with good antagonistic effect were isolated from the 298 strains in Panax ginseng and the soil by plate confrontation method. The nitrogen fixation potential was verified by Ashby medium. The Salkowski method was used to determine the ability of producing IAA. Silicate medium screening and flame spectrophotometry was used to determine the ability of dissolving potassium. CAS method was applied to detect the ability of producing siderophores to determine its growth characteristics. The morphological, physiological and biochemical and 16S rRNA sequences were used to identify the species. The method of root irrigation was used to determine the effects of its disease control and growth-promoting on ginseng. A strain TY15 with broad spectrum of antimicrobial effect, nitrogen fixation, potassium-dissolving and the capacity of producing IAA and siderophores was obtained by screening. And the strain TY15 was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. The control effect of TY15 on the disease of ginseng in the field was 68.02%, which was equivalent to 68.94% of 30 billion per gram of beneficial microecological bacterium agent. The fresh weight of P. ginseng treated with TY15 strain was increased by 22.73% compared with the control group treated with water. And finally a strain TY15 with good application prospects was obtained.

Aislamiento de bacterias degradadoras de pesticidas organofosforados encontrados en suelos y en leche bovina / Isolation of organophosphorus pesticides degrading bacteria found in soil and bovine milk

The increasing use of organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural practices over the past few years has generated a number of environmental problems; these compounds tend to bioaccumulate through food chains showing high levels of toxicity triggering potential health risk for species that are exposed to these substances. In this research were used the Soxhlet and solid phase micro extraction in headspace (HS-SPME) methods for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural cattle soils and bovine milk, respectively. The presence of demeton-S-methylsulfon was determined at concentrations between 272.9 and 1793.3 ppm in cropland and 12.9 ppm in cow milk. Native soil bacteria were isolated showing degrading capacity of these pesticides, Bacillus sp and Pantoea agglomerans which gave results of degradation of 73.5% and 68.6 %, respectively, in the concentration of chlorpyrifos, showing that these microorganisms are a possible solution for improving soils contaminated by this class of pesticides.

El incremento en el uso de pesticidas organofosforados en las prácticas agrícolas a través de los últimos años, ha generado una serie de problemas ambientales. Estos compuestos tienden a bioacumularse a través de las cadenas tróficas presentando altos niveles de toxicidad desencadenando potenciales riesgos para la salud de las especies que son expuestas a este tipo de sustancias. En esta investigación se usaron los métodos de extracción soxhlet y micro extracción en fase sólida en espacio de cabeza (HS-SPME) para la extracción de pesticidas organofosforados en suelos de cultivo y leche de ganado bovino, respectivamente. Se determinó la presencia de demetón-S-metilsulfón en concentraciones entre 272.9 y 1793.3 ppm en los suelos de cultivo y 12.9 ppm en leche de vaca. Se aislaron bacterias nativas de suelo con capacidad degradadora de estos pesticidas, Bacillus sp y Pantoea agglomerans, obteniéndose resultados de degradación del compuesto organofosforado, clorpirifos de 73.5% y 68.67%, respectivamente, evidenciando que estos microorganismos son una posible solución para el mejoramiento de suelos contaminados por esta clase de pesticidas.

Efecto de un bioinoculante a partir de consorcios microbianos nativos fosfato solubilizadores, en el desarrollo de pastos Angleton (Dichantium aristatum) / Effect of bio-inoculant from microbial consortia phosphate solubilizing natives in development of pastures (Dichantium aristatum)

El objetivo fue evaluar la capacidad solubilizadora de fosfatos de consorcios formados por bacterias nativas de los géneros Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas sp, Pseudomonas luteola y Pantoea sp, con el fin de encontrar el más eficiente. Se realizaron pruebas de antagonismo entre las cepas y se formaron consorcios probando todas las combinaciones posibles en las concentraciones de 10(6), 10(7), 10(8) UFC/mL. Se realizaron evaluaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas de la solubilización de fosfatos y teniendo en cuenta éstos resultados, se preparó un bioinoculante el cual fue evaluado en semillas de plantas de pasto angleton (Dichantium aristatum) a escala de laboratorio, utilizando un diseño estadístico completamente al azar (DCA) con 3 tratamientos y 5 repeticiones: Tratamiento 1 semillas (control), Tratamiento 2, semillas tratadas con el consorcio de microorganismos seleccionado y Tratamiento 3, semillas tratadas con fertilizantes comerciales DAP y Urea. Se evaluaron las variables número de hojas, área foliar, longitud de la planta, longitud de la raíz y peso seco de todas las plantas. Los resultados de la prueba de antagonismo indicaron que no existe inhibición en el crecimiento de las cepas evaluadas, por lo tanto se formaron consorcios los cuales mostraron mayor eficiencia en la solubilización del fósforo, destacándose el consorcio formado por Pantoea sp + Pseudomonas sp a una concentración de 10(8) UFC/mL y con índices de solubilización de 5,3 y 842 ppm. En las plantas se evidenció un incremento significativo en los parámetros peso seco y área foliar usando el consorcio microbiano, indicando mayor beneficio en comparación con el control.

The objective was to evaluate the ability of phosphate solubilizing consortium of native bacteria of the genusBurkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas sp, Pseudomonas luteola and Pantoea sp, in order to find the most efficient. Antagonism tests were conducted between strains and consortia were formed using all possible combinations in the concentrations of 10(6), 10(7), 10(8) CFU / mL. Qualitative and quantitative determinations of the solubilization of phosphates were performed and considering these results, was prepared a bio-inoculant which was evaluated in plant seeds of grass angleton (Dichantium aristatum) laboratory scale, using a statistical completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 repetitions: control Treatment 1 seeds; Treatment 2, seeds treated with the consortium of microorganisms selected and Treatment 3, seeds treated with commercial fertilizers DAP and Urea. The parameters, number of leaves, leaf area, plant length, root length and dry weights of all plants, were evaluated. The test results indicated that there is no antagonism inhibition in the growth of the strains tested thus formed consortia which showed greater efficiency phosphorus solubilization, highlighting the consortium of Pantoea sp + Pseudomonas sp at a concentration 10(8)CFU / mL and 5.3 solubilization rates and 842 ppm. In plants showed a significant increase in dry weight and leaf area parameters, indicating greater benefit with respect to the control treatment.

Ameliorative effect of plant growth promoting bacterial endophyte Pantoea agglomerans on salt stress at early stage of growth in rice

Aims: Endophytes are known to impart tolerance to crop plants; hence the study was initiated to evaluate some plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria isolated from rice and maize for salt tolerance in rice. Methodology and results: A total of 31 endophytic bacteria were screened for growth promoting characteristics on the basis of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, Indole acetic acid biosynthesis, production of ammonium, protease and cellulase. Only 2 Bacillus species and Pantoea agglomerans were positive for all growth characteristics and subsequently inoculated with rice seeds under controlled as well as in saline condition (NaCl) in order to evaluate the plant growth promoting (PGP) ability on the basis of germination rate and seedling vigor. The seedling grown under control condition, significantly alter the growth parameters such as germination rate, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight along with seedling vigor index. Under saline condition, the genus Bacillus and Pantoea invariably counteracted the effect of stress; however, P. agglomerans showed significant differences for shoot length, fresh and dry weight. Analysis of correlation coefficient exhibited positive and strong association of seedling vigor index with dry weight and rate of germination, thereby revealing the interdependency of the traits under stress. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The study confirmed a mutualistic interaction of P. agglomerans with the host plant rice and leads to enhanced growth of the host under salt stress condition.

Eficácia da associação de fungicidas e antibióticos no manejo da mancha branca do milho e seu efeito na produtividade / Effectiveness of association of fungicides and antibiotics to control white spots of corn and its effect on productivity

A mancha branca do milho apresenta ampla distribuição pelas áreas produtoras de milho no Brasil, sendo uma das principais doenças da cultura, ao ponto de ter se tornado um entrave para a sua expansão. A doença é ocasionada por um complexo de patógenos, dificultando seu manejo pelo produtor. O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar a eficácia da combinação de diferentes fungicidas com antibióticos, no manejo da doença e seu efeito na produtividade. O experimento foi instalado na cidade de Pedrinópolis (MG), ano agrícola 2010/11. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC) com 10 tratamentos + 1 testemunha em 4 repetições. Os tratamentos basearam-se em combinações dos fungicidas Envoy (piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol) e PrioriXtra (azoxistrobina + ciproconazol), com os antibióticos Fegatex (Cloretos de Benzalcônio) e Kasumin (Kasugamicina). Isoladamente testou-se a título de comparação fermentado de Penicillium spp. As variáveis analisadas foram: severidade da doença (%), fitotoxidade (%), peso de mil grãos (g) e produtividade (Kg ha-1). A testemunha apresentou o maior índice de severidade, seguido de PrioriXtra + Nimbus. Nenhum tratamento causou fitotoxidade às parcelas experimentais. Em relação ao peso de mil grãos, os tratamentos superiores à testemunha foram Envoy + Nimbus e PrioriXtra + Nimbus. Para a variável produtividade (kg ha- 1), o tratamento mais produtivo foi PrioriXtra + Nimbus. O fermentado de Penicillium spp, na dose de 2 L por ha, apresentou uma eficácia semelhante aos fungicidas e antibióticos sintéticos, podendo ser utilizado no controle da doença em sistemas integrados no Brasil.

Phaeosphaeria leaf spot is very common in corn producing areas in Brazil. This is one of the major diseases of the crop, becoming an obstacle to its expansion. The disease is caused by a complex of pathogens, causing problems to the producer. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the combination of different fungicides with antibiotics in the management of the disease and its corresponding effect on productivity. The experiment was conducted in the city of Pedrinopolis (MG), harvest year 2010-11. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments + 1 control group in 4 repetitions. Treatments were based on combinations of fungicides Envoy (pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole) and PrioriXtra (azoxystrobin + cyproconazole) with antibiotics Fegatex (Benzalkonium Chloride) and Kasumin (kasugamycin). The UFU biofungicide (fermented of the fungus Penicillium minor) was tested separately for comparison. The variables analyzed were: disease severity (%), phytotoxicity (%), thousand grain weight (g) and yield (kg ha-1). The control group showed the highest severity percentage, followed by PrioriXtra + Nimbus. No treatment caused a toxic reaction in the experimental plots. Regarding the thousand grain weight, the treatments that were statistically superior to the control group were Envoy + Nimbus and PrioriXtra + Nimbus. For the variable productivity (kg.ha-1), the most productive treatment was PrioriXtra + Nimbus. The use of Penicillium spp fermented culture media (Potato-dextrose) presented the same control of synthetic fungicides and antibiotics to maize white spot, when applied 2 L/ha in maize trials.The biological control with Penicillium spp. Is a new procedure to white spot disease control in integrated systems in Brazil.

Pantoea dispersa: an unusual cause of neonatal sepsis

Neonatal septicemia is the most important cause of neonatal mortality. A wide variety of bacteria both aerobic and anaerobic can cause neonatal sepsis. Genus Pantoea is a member of Enterobacteriaceae family that inhabits plants, soil and water and rarely causes human infections, however, Pantoea dispersa has not been reported as a causative organism for neonatal sepsis. We hereby report two neonates with early onset sepsis caused by Pantoea dispersa. Early detection and appropriate antibiotic therapy can improve overall outcome of this rare infection in neonates.

Identificação de QTLS associados à resistência parcial à mancha branca do milho / Identification of partial resistance from QTLS to maize white spot

O milho é um dos cereais mais importantes cultivados no mundo, porém, fatores como as doenças podem ocasionar decréscimos no rendimento de grãos. A mancha branca, causada por um complexo de patógenos, está entre as principais doenças desta cultura e pode ocasionar perdas de cerca de 60 %. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivos estimar parâmetros genéticos, identificar e mapear QTLs associados à resistência à mancha branca do milho, visando o desenvolvimento de genótipos resistentes à doença. Noventa e oito famílias F2:3 do cruzamento entre as linhagens BS01 (suscetível) e BS02 (resistente) e 90 famílias F2:3 do cruzamento entre BS03 (suscetível) e BS04 (resistente) foram conduzidas a campo em três ambientes. As herdabilidades variaram de 82,3 % a 86,2 % nos locais avaliados para a população 1. Para a população 2 a herdabilidade variou de 76 % a 86,6 %. Na análise conjunta para a resistência nas duas populações, efeitos entre pais e entre progênies foram significativos, assim como a interação de progênies e local, indicando que uma família superior em um local não será obrigatoriamente superior em outro local. Dos QTLs testados nas populações 1 e 2, foram encontrados marcadores que expressaram até 25% da variância fenotípica nos grupos de ligação 1, 3, 6 e 9. Assim, estes dados em conjunto demonstram a possibilidade de seleção assistida, para a resistência à mancha branca do milho, nas gerações iniciais com o uso dos marcadores moleculares estudados.

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world; however, diseases, among other factors, may drastically reduce its grain yield. The white spot disease, caused by a complex of pathogens, is one of the most important syndromes affecting maize, causing losses of up to 60%. Thus, this study aimed to estimate heritability, to identify and to map QTLs associated with resistance to white spot in maize. Ninety-eight F2:3 families from a cross between lines BS01 (susceptible) and BS02 (resistant) and ninety F2:3 families from a cross between BS03 (susceptible) and BS04 (resistant) were evaluated in a lattice square (10x10) experimental design in three environments. Heritability estimations ranged from 82.3% to 86.2% in population 1, and from 76% to 86.6% in population 2. A joint analysis of both populations showed significant effects among parents and progenies, so it did for the interactions of locations and progenies. It means that a specific family may not show the same performance for resistance to white spot across different environments. QTLs for resistance to white spot were found in the linkage groups 1, 3, 6 and 9 in both populations. These QTLs explained up to 25% of the total phenotypic variation for the studied trait. Combined, these data confirm the possibility of marker assisted selection for resistance to maize white spot in early generations.

Pantoea agglomerans: ¿un nuevo patógeno en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales?: a new pathogen at the neonatal intensive care unit? / Pantoea agglomerans

La sepsis tardía es especialmente frecuente en los recién nacidos pretérmino, y los bacilos gramnegativos son responsables de los casos más graves con una elevada mortalidad asociada. Pantoea agglomerans es un bacilo gramnegativo que pocas veces se ha descrito como patógeno en el ser humano, menos aún en el recién nacido. Se presenta el caso clínico de un recién nacido pretérmino que sufrió una sepsis fulminante por Pantoea agglomerans en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Hasta la fecha no se ha descrito ningún caso de sepsis por P. agglomerans en esta población en España.

Late-onset sepsis is very frequent among preterm infants and cases due to Gram negative pathogens have elevated morbidity and mortality. Pantoea agglomerans is a Gram negative organism which has been rarely reported causing disease in humans. We present a case of P. agglomerans late-onset fulminant sepsis in a preterm newborn at a neonatal intensive care unit. Up to date none P. agglomerans sepsis has been reported among this population in our country.

Pantoea agglomerans infection behaving like a tumor after plant thorn injury: An unusual presentation.

Pantoea agglomerans infections in humans are uncommon. Most common infections reported are septic arthritis or synovitis. We report the case of a 25-year-old, healthy male, who presented with indurated swelling over the posterolateral aspect of his right thigh, associated with pain for one month. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed muscle edema with cystic areas in the posterior-most part of the vastus lateralis of the right thigh. The condition was clinically diagnosed as a right-sided benign tumor of the vastus lateralis muscle. However, Pantoea agglomerans was isolated on a culture of the excised muscle tissue. On the basis of the awareness of the common association of Pantoea with penetrating trauma by vegetation, the patient was asked to recollect any prior such injury. He then gave a history of a fall in the field and a plant thorn prick in the thigh four years back, when he was an agricultural worker. We emphasize the importance of Pantoea agglomerans infection of the soft tissues that can have an atypical presentation as a non-suppurative, indurated, muscle cyst in our case. Thorn injuries are usually ignored as trivial incidents, however, Pantoea infections should always be borne in mind when encountering soft tissue lesions, as antibiotic treatment is required for complete resolution of the lesion.

Consecutive episodes of peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis caused by unusual organisms: Brevibacterium and Pantoea agglomerans

A 52-year-old man undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis presented with two consecutive episodes of peritonitis caused by unusual organisms, namely, Brevibacterium and Pantoea agglomerans. The patient was successfully treated with a 2-week course of cefazolin and ceftazidime for the Brevibacterium-associated peritonitis, and a 3-week course of gentamicin for the P. agglomerans-associated peritonitis. Although these environmental organisms are rarely responsible for human infection, the number of reported cases of human infection by these unusual organisms has increased. This report emphasizes the potential for infection by environmental organisms in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

A Case of Pantoea species Cholangitis with Bacteremia

Pantoea infections are rare in humans and an unusual cause for sepsis in immunocompetent patient. It is a gram-nagative bacillus of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Infections are usually associated with plant thorn injury or outbreak traced to comtaminated parenteral nutrition. We experienced a case of pantoea species cholecystitis and cholangitis with bacteremia. The patient was administrated intravenous antibiotics, and then patient was improved.

Isolation of endophytic bacteria from arboreal species of the Amazon and identification by sequencing of the 16S rRNA encoding gene

Endophytic bacteria from three arboreal species native to the Amazon (Carapa guianenses, Ceiba pentandra, and Swietenia macrophylla), were isolated and identified, through partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA encoding gene. From these, 16 isolates were obtained, although, when compared to sequences deposited in GenBank, only seven had produced identifiable fragments. Bacillus, Pantoea and two non-culturable samples were identified. Results obtained through sequence analysis revealed low genetic diversity across the isolates, even when analyzing different species and plant structures. This is the first report concerning the isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria in these plant species.

A Case of Pantoea Endophthalmitis

A previously healthy 50-year-old man was transferred to our hospital for evaluation of acute inflammation in his right eye after ocular trauma while using a grass mower. Slit lamp examination showed 1 mm-length full thickness corneal laceration without leakage, 4+ cells and inflammatory membrane in the anterior chamber, 10% hypopyon, posterior synechiae formation, and cataract change. Upon orbital computerized tomography, a metallic intraocular foreign body in the lens was indentified. Vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, foreign body removal, anterior chamber irrigation, and intravitreal antibiotics injections of vancomycin and ceftazidime were performed. In a culture of humor from the anterior chamber grew Pantoea species. More procedures were performed, including intravitreal antibiotics injection of ceftazidime. Upon administering a course of intravenous ceftazidime, fortified ceftazidime and moxifloxacin eye drops, and oral prednisolone, the patient improved.

A Case of Bilateral Endogenous Pantoea Agglomerans Endophthalmitis with Interstitial Lung Disease

We here in report a case of bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) in a patient who had interstitial lung disease and was treated with oral corticosteroids. A 72-year-old man presented with decreased visual acuity in both eyes nine days after he received oral corticosteroids. He had marked uveitis, cataracts, and vitreous opacities. Cultures were taken of blood, aqueous humor, and vitreous. We initially suspected a fungal etiology and treated him with antifungal drugs; however, the intraocular disease progressed without improvement. Vitreous culture was positive for P. agglomerans. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy with cataract surgery bilaterally, followed by a 2-week course of antibiotics. The final visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. This is the first report of bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis caused by P. agglomerans in Korea; it is also the first case reported outside of the United States.