Infección de vías urinarias por Pantoea Agglomerans / Urinary tract infection by Pantoea agglomerans

La infección del tracto urinario es especialmente frecuente en mujeres, las bacterias aerobias gram negativas son las responsables del mayor número de casos. Pantoea agglomerans denominado previamente Enterobacter agglomerans es un bacilo anaerobio Gram negativo que pocas veces se ha descrito como patógeno en el ser humano; se han reportado casos de infecciones cutáneas, osteomielitis y sinovitis posterior a trauma con plantas; e infecciones nosocomiales especialmente en pacientes inmunodeprimidos que se han asociado a material médico contaminado, siendo la mayor parte de los casos resistentes a betalactámicos. Se presenta un insólito caso clínico de cistitis por Pantoea agglomerans en una mujer de 30 años, inmunocompetente, sin antecedentes de hospitalización ni instrumentación o sondaje de vía urinaria; fue manejada con esquema alargado de betalactámicos, con respuesta favorable a la antibiótico terapia. El diagnóstico de infección urinaria por P. agglomerans en pacientes inmunocompetentes es inusual, su escaso aislamiento podría relacionarse a la dificultad de identificar esta bacteria en muestras biológicas y la resistencia a antibioticoterapia podría asociarse en los pacientes hospitalizados a la amplia y prolongada administración de antibióticos en su estancia hospitalaria. Por ello se recomienda solicitar urocultivo y su respectivo antibiograma en pacientes con infección sintomática del tracto urinario para disponer de información del patógeno aislado y dar un adecuado manejo antimicrobiano contemplando el esquema más adecuado...(AU)

Wound infection by Pantoea agglomerans after penetrating plant injury

Pantoea agglomerans is a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium that has been linked to skin and joint infections secondary to plant injuries. Herein we report a 58-year-old woman who presented with 2 erythematous nodules with purulent discharge on the anterior aspect of the right leg that developed after a penetrating plant injury. The patient was initially treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cloxacillin and clindamycin without improvement. P. agglomerans was isolated from both exudate and skin biopsy cultures. Healing of the lesions was achieved after the spontaneous release of a retained plant fragment and treatment with cotrimoxazole. Identification of P. agglomerans in persistent exudative lesions should alert the clinician regarding a possible previous plant injury and retained vegetal fragments. Conventional antibiotic treatment and the extraction of retained foreign bodies usually lead to complete resolution.

Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemases among ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriales recovered from a municipal raw sewage in Minas Gerais, Brazil

SUMMARY Introduction: The capacity of resistance to ß-lactam among enterobacteriales is notable, mainly into water environment. Herein, many species of this family have the ability to carrier and produce ß-lactamases enzymes, such as extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. However, contrary to clinical settings, where the distribution of resistant bacteria is well documented, the evidence of resistant pathogens in the domestic sewage has been little explored, especially in Brazil. Thus, we aimed to investigate the occurrence of ESBL and carbapenemases between ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriales recovered from a municipal raw sewage in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: Enterobacteriales were isolated from sewage samples on MacConkey agar supplemented with ampicillin. Species identification was performed by biochemical and morphological methods and the resistance profile determined by the Kirby-Bauer test. The production of ESBL and carbapenemase was investigated in all isolates by phenotypic tests. Results and discussion: A total of 45 species of enterobacteriales resistant to ampicillin were recovered (37 Escherichia coli, four Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii and Pantoea agglomerans). Most isolates showed a high ß-lactam susceptibility profile (14/45, 31.1 %), however E. coli with decreased susceptibility to imipenem was detected (2/37; 2.7 %). ESBL-positive isolates were mostly identified as E. coli (10/45; 22.2 %), but no isolates were positive carbapenemase. Conclusion: Domestic sewage is an important source of ß-lactams resistant determinants in Brazil.

Introdução: a capacidade de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos entre enterobacteriales é notável, principalmente no ambiente aquático. Nessa direção, muitas espécies desta família têm a capacidade de transportar e produzir enzimas ß-lactamases, especialmente a ß-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) e as carbapenemases. Porém, ao contrário do cenário clínico, onde a distribuição de bactérias resistentes é bem documentada, as evidências de patógenos resistentes no esgoto doméstico têm sido pouco exploradas, principalmente no Brasil. Assim, objetivamos investigar a ocorrência de ESBL e carbapenemases entre enterobacteriales resistentes à ampicilina recuperadas de um esgoto bruto municipal em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: enterobacteriales foram isoladas de amostras de esgoto em ágar MacConkey suplementado com ampicilina. A identificação das espécies foi realizada por métodos bioquímicos e morfológicos e o perfil de resistência determinado pelo teste de Kirby-Bauer. A produção de ESBL e carbapenemase foi investigada em todos os isolados por testes fenotípicos. Resultados e discussão: foram recuperadas 45 isolados de enterobacteriales resistentes à ampicilina (37 Escherichia coli, quatro Klebsiella pneumoniae e uma Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii e Pantoea agglomerans). A maioria dos isolados apresentou um perfil de alta susceptibilidade aos ß-lactâmicos (14/45, 31,1 %), porém E. coli com susceptibilidade diminuída ao imipenem foi detectada (2/37; 2,7 %). Os isolados ESBL-positivos foram identificados principalmente como E. coli (10/45; 22,2 %), mas nenhum isolado foi positivo para a carbapenemase. Conclusão: o esgoto doméstico é uma importante fonte de determinantes de resistência aos ß-lactâmicos no Brasil.

Introducción: la capacidad de resistencia a betalactámicos entre enterobacteriales es notable, principalmente en el medio acuático. En este sentido, muchas especies de esta familia tienen la capacidad de transportar y producir enzimas ß-lactamasas, especialmente ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) y carbapenemasas. Sin embargo, en contraste con el escenario clínico, donde la distribución de bacterias resistentes está bien documentada, la evidencia de patógenos resistentes en las aguas residuales domésticas ha sido poco explorada, especialmente en Brasil. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo es investigar la ocurrencia de BLEE y carbapenemasas entre enterobacteriales resistentes a ampicilina recuperadas de un alcantarillado municipal sin tratar en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: se aislaron enterobacteriales de muestras de aguas residuales en agar MacConkey suplementado con ampicilina. La identificación de las especies se realizó mediante métodos bioquímicos y morfológicos y el perfil de resistencia se determinó mediante la prueba de Kirby-Bauer. La producción de BLEE y carbapenemasa se investigó en todos los aislamientos mediante pruebas fenotípicas. Resultados y discusión: se recuperaron 45 aislamientos de enterobacteriales resistentes a ampicilina (37 Escherichia coli, cuatro Klebsiella pneumoniae y una Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter freundii y Pantoea agglomerans). La mayoría de los aislamientos tenían un perfil de susceptibilidad alto a los (3-lactámicos (14/45, 31,1 %), pero se detectó E. coli con susceptibilidad reducida al imipenem (2/37; 2,7 %). Los aislamientos positivos para BLEE se identificaron principalmente como E. coli (10/45; 22,2 %), pero ningún aislado fue positivo para carbapenemasa. Conclusión: las aguas residuales domésticas son una fuente importante de determinantes de la resistencia a los ß-lactámicos en Brasil.

Evaluation of isolation and field effect of ginseng disease resistance and growth-promoting bacteria / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed to isolate the strains with both disease resistance and growth-promoting, and clarify the field application effects of the strain for laying the further application foundation. The strains with good antagonistic effect were isolated from the 298 strains in Panax ginseng and the soil by plate confrontation method. The nitrogen fixation potential was verified by Ashby medium. The Salkowski method was used to determine the ability of producing IAA. Silicate medium screening and flame spectrophotometry was used to determine the ability of dissolving potassium. CAS method was applied to detect the ability of producing siderophores to determine its growth characteristics. The morphological, physiological and biochemical and 16S rRNA sequences were used to identify the species. The method of root irrigation was used to determine the effects of its disease control and growth-promoting on ginseng. A strain TY15 with broad spectrum of antimicrobial effect, nitrogen fixation, potassium-dissolving and the capacity of producing IAA and siderophores was obtained by screening. And the strain TY15 was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. The control effect of TY15 on the disease of ginseng in the field was 68.02%, which was equivalent to 68.94% of 30 billion per gram of beneficial microecological bacterium agent. The fresh weight of P. ginseng treated with TY15 strain was increased by 22.73% compared with the control group treated with water. And finally a strain TY15 with good application prospects was obtained.

Aislamiento de bacterias degradadoras de pesticidas organofosforados encontrados en suelos y en leche bovina / Isolation of organophosphorus pesticides degrading bacteria found in soil and bovine milk

The increasing use of organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural practices over the past few years has generated a number of environmental problems; these compounds tend to bioaccumulate through food chains showing high levels of toxicity triggering potential health risk for species that are exposed to these substances. In this research were used the Soxhlet and solid phase micro extraction in headspace (HS-SPME) methods for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural cattle soils and bovine milk, respectively. The presence of demeton-S-methylsulfon was determined at concentrations between 272.9 and 1793.3 ppm in cropland and 12.9 ppm in cow milk. Native soil bacteria were isolated showing degrading capacity of these pesticides, Bacillus sp and Pantoea agglomerans which gave results of degradation of 73.5% and 68.6 %, respectively, in the concentration of chlorpyrifos, showing that these microorganisms are a possible solution for improving soils contaminated by this class of pesticides.

El incremento en el uso de pesticidas organofosforados en las prácticas agrícolas a través de los últimos años, ha generado una serie de problemas ambientales. Estos compuestos tienden a bioacumularse a través de las cadenas tróficas presentando altos niveles de toxicidad desencadenando potenciales riesgos para la salud de las especies que son expuestas a este tipo de sustancias. En esta investigación se usaron los métodos de extracción soxhlet y micro extracción en fase sólida en espacio de cabeza (HS-SPME) para la extracción de pesticidas organofosforados en suelos de cultivo y leche de ganado bovino, respectivamente. Se determinó la presencia de demetón-S-metilsulfón en concentraciones entre 272.9 y 1793.3 ppm en los suelos de cultivo y 12.9 ppm en leche de vaca. Se aislaron bacterias nativas de suelo con capacidad degradadora de estos pesticidas, Bacillus sp y Pantoea agglomerans, obteniéndose resultados de degradación del compuesto organofosforado, clorpirifos de 73.5% y 68.67%, respectivamente, evidenciando que estos microorganismos son una posible solución para el mejoramiento de suelos contaminados por esta clase de pesticidas.

Ameliorative effect of plant growth promoting bacterial endophyte Pantoea agglomerans on salt stress at early stage of growth in rice

Aims: Endophytes are known to impart tolerance to crop plants; hence the study was initiated to evaluate some plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria isolated from rice and maize for salt tolerance in rice. Methodology and results: A total of 31 endophytic bacteria were screened for growth promoting characteristics on the basis of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, Indole acetic acid biosynthesis, production of ammonium, protease and cellulase. Only 2 Bacillus species and Pantoea agglomerans were positive for all growth characteristics and subsequently inoculated with rice seeds under controlled as well as in saline condition (NaCl) in order to evaluate the plant growth promoting (PGP) ability on the basis of germination rate and seedling vigor. The seedling grown under control condition, significantly alter the growth parameters such as germination rate, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight along with seedling vigor index. Under saline condition, the genus Bacillus and Pantoea invariably counteracted the effect of stress; however, P. agglomerans showed significant differences for shoot length, fresh and dry weight. Analysis of correlation coefficient exhibited positive and strong association of seedling vigor index with dry weight and rate of germination, thereby revealing the interdependency of the traits under stress. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The study confirmed a mutualistic interaction of P. agglomerans with the host plant rice and leads to enhanced growth of the host under salt stress condition.

Pantoea agglomerans: ¿un nuevo patógeno en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales?: a new pathogen at the neonatal intensive care unit? / Pantoea agglomerans

La sepsis tardía es especialmente frecuente en los recién nacidos pretérmino, y los bacilos gramnegativos son responsables de los casos más graves con una elevada mortalidad asociada. Pantoea agglomerans es un bacilo gramnegativo que pocas veces se ha descrito como patógeno en el ser humano, menos aún en el recién nacido. Se presenta el caso clínico de un recién nacido pretérmino que sufrió una sepsis fulminante por Pantoea agglomerans en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Hasta la fecha no se ha descrito ningún caso de sepsis por P. agglomerans en esta población en España.

Late-onset sepsis is very frequent among preterm infants and cases due to Gram negative pathogens have elevated morbidity and mortality. Pantoea agglomerans is a Gram negative organism which has been rarely reported causing disease in humans. We present a case of P. agglomerans late-onset fulminant sepsis in a preterm newborn at a neonatal intensive care unit. Up to date none P. agglomerans sepsis has been reported among this population in our country.

Pantoea agglomerans infection behaving like a tumor after plant thorn injury: An unusual presentation.

Pantoea agglomerans infections in humans are uncommon. Most common infections reported are septic arthritis or synovitis. We report the case of a 25-year-old, healthy male, who presented with indurated swelling over the posterolateral aspect of his right thigh, associated with pain for one month. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed muscle edema with cystic areas in the posterior-most part of the vastus lateralis of the right thigh. The condition was clinically diagnosed as a right-sided benign tumor of the vastus lateralis muscle. However, Pantoea agglomerans was isolated on a culture of the excised muscle tissue. On the basis of the awareness of the common association of Pantoea with penetrating trauma by vegetation, the patient was asked to recollect any prior such injury. He then gave a history of a fall in the field and a plant thorn prick in the thigh four years back, when he was an agricultural worker. We emphasize the importance of Pantoea agglomerans infection of the soft tissues that can have an atypical presentation as a non-suppurative, indurated, muscle cyst in our case. Thorn injuries are usually ignored as trivial incidents, however, Pantoea infections should always be borne in mind when encountering soft tissue lesions, as antibiotic treatment is required for complete resolution of the lesion.

Consecutive episodes of peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis caused by unusual organisms: Brevibacterium and Pantoea agglomerans

A 52-year-old man undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis presented with two consecutive episodes of peritonitis caused by unusual organisms, namely, Brevibacterium and Pantoea agglomerans. The patient was successfully treated with a 2-week course of cefazolin and ceftazidime for the Brevibacterium-associated peritonitis, and a 3-week course of gentamicin for the P. agglomerans-associated peritonitis. Although these environmental organisms are rarely responsible for human infection, the number of reported cases of human infection by these unusual organisms has increased. This report emphasizes the potential for infection by environmental organisms in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Production of D-myo-inositol(1,2,4,5,6)pentakisphosphate using alginate-entrapped recombinant Pantoea agglomerans glucose-1-phosphatase

The glucose-1-phosphatase encoding gene (agp) of Pantoea agglomerans was sequenced and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme showed very high homology to periplasmatic glucose-1-phosphatases of other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It was isolated from transformed Escherichia coli cells in a single step in high yields (32.3 ± 1.2 mg per litre of culture) by Ni-NT agarose affinity chromatography to >95 percent purity as calculated from specific activity determinations. The purified glucose-1-phosphatase was entrapped in alginate beads with an entrapment efficiency of >80 percent. Temperature stability was enhanced as a consequence of entrapment, whereas pH dependence of enzyme activity was not affected. Maximum catalytic activity of entrapped glucose-1-phosphatase was found at 70°C, whereas the free enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 60°C. A single pH optimum at pH 4.5 was determined for the free and the entrapped enzyme. Kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of sodium phytate were found to be affected by entrapment. They were determined to be K M = 0.84 mmol l-1 and k cat = 8 s-1 at pH 4.5 and 37°C for the entrapped glucose-1-phosphatase and K M = 0.35 mmol l-1 and k cat = 20.5 s-1 for the free enzyme. Complete conversion of phytate into one single myo-inositol pentakisphosphate isomer, identified as D-myo-inositol(1,2,4,5,6)pentakis-phosphate, was shown to be feasible by using the enzyme-loaded alginate beads in batch operations. The entrapped enzyme showed a high operational stability by retaining almost full activity even after ten uses.

A case of peritonitis caused by Pantoea agglomerans in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis / 대한내과학회지

Microorganisms belonging to the genus Pantoea rarely cause infection in normal hosts, but are common in hospitalized or immunocompromised patients. Pantoea agglomerans has frequently been associated with exogenous sources such as plants, soil, water, and foodstuffs. Until now, only one case of P. agglomerans associated peritonitis has been reported in an adult patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We report a case of peritonitis due to P. agglomerans in a 55 year old man with maintenance CAPD. Antibiotic therapy with intraperitoneal cefazolin and gentamicin led to clinical improvement.

New Approach of Lipopolysaccharide Derived from Dietary-Experienced Gram-Negative Bacteria (IP-PA1) Based on the Macrophage-Network / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

The macrophages exist in whole body tissues and maintain health condition and/or protect various diseases through appropriate their activations. We hypothesized that these macrophages formed network and this putative macrophages communication was termed a macrophage-network. Then to improve and/or maintain health status as far as possible, we focused on the some dietary-experienced Gram-negative bacteria with long experience of food production. We found a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as macrophage-activating substances from water extract of wheat flour. This named it IP-PA1, immunopotentiator of <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i> which is the symbiotic Gram-negative bacteria of wheat.<br> While LPS is known as the strongest substance to activate macrophages, many people have prejudice against LPS as the toxin especially through intravenous route. Thus, nobody develop LPS as the medical drugs. Recently, the biological significance of LPS has been recognized as the regulator of homeostasis through signal transduction of TLR-4 in the body.<br> To apply the excellent function of LPS or LPS-containing materials for social health care, it is essential to investigate the basic science for the analysis of individual health maintenance system reevaluating biological significance of LPS based on the accumulation of scientific information about usefulness of LPS. To achieve these purposes, cooperation system with many specialists in different fields (university, industry, and government) should be needed.<br> Thus, we established an alliance composed of the, non profit organization (NPO) mainly for conduct of clinical trial with products containing LPS and evaluation of the various products in terms of both quality and quantity of LPS and its function, and university-led venture company mainly for transferring intellectual properties and for development and supply of new functional materials containing LPS derived from dietary-experienced Gram-negative bacteria including IP-PA1. In this manuscript, we introduce our concept for maintaining homeostasis based on the macrophage-network and processes in development of the product containing IP-PA1 which is a material from dietary-experienced Gram-negative bacteria to be applicable to health food.<br>

Enterobacterias productoras de beta lactamasa de espectro expandido en pacientes críticos de la Maternidad Concepción Palacios / Expanded spectrum beta lactamase producting enterobacterias in crtical patients from Maternity Hospital

Dentro de los mecanismos de resistencia bacteriana encontrados en los miembros de las Enterobacteriaceae, las Beta Lactamasas de Espectro Expandido (BLEE), juegan un papel importante ya que debido a su naturaleza plasmídica pueden diseminarse a otros géneros diferentes a E. coli, K. pneumoniae y K. oxytoca, de donde principalmente se han descrito y confieren resistencia a cefalosporinas de tercera y cuarta generación y a aztreonam. Dado que en la Maternidad “Concepción Palacios” (MCP) la mayor parte de los pacientes constituyen neonatos y el tratamiento empleado principalmente son cefalosporinas, se evaluó la frecuencia en este centro de Enterobacterias productoras de BLEE aislados en áreas críticas de muestras de hemocultivos, puntas de catéter, orina y secreciones en el período comprendido de Enero a Junio de 2006. La identificación y sensibilidad se realizaron con las galerías ID32GN y ATBGN-5 respectivamente, utilizando el equipo semiautomatizado Mini API (BioMérieux). Para la detección fenotípica de producción de BLEE se empleó el método de doble difusión con discos y el método recomendado por el Clínical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) (1). La mayor frecuencia se obtuvo para Pantoea agglomerans, seguida de Klebsiella pneumoniae, y Enterobacter cloacae. El 80 % de las enterobacterias aisladas, fueron productoras de BLEE.

Inside the mechanisms of bacterial resistance found in members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, the Expanded Spectrum Beta Lactamasas (ESBL), play an important role due to its plasmid nature it can be spread to other different genera to E. coli, K.pneumoniae, and K. oxytoca, wherefrom principally they have been described, and award resistance to cephalosporin of third and fourth generation and to aztreonam. In view of the Maternity “Concepción Palacios” (MCP) most of the patients constitutes newborn, and the principally used treatment are cephalosporin, the frequency of ESBL producting enterobacteria was evaluated in this center, isolated in critical areas from samples of blood cultures, tops of catheter, urine and secretions from January to June, 2006. The identification and sensibility were realized by the galleries ID32GN and ATBGN-5 respectively, using the semi automated Mini API (BioMérieux) equipment. For the phenotypical detection of ESBL production there were used the double diffusion of disc method and the method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) (1). The major frequency was to Pantoea agglomerans followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae. 80% of the isolated enterobacteria, were producer of ESBL.

Analysis of the UV absorbing constituents of the metabolites from UV-B tolerance bacteria and study on its anti-ultraviolet mechanism / 中国海洋药物

Objective The anti-UV-B radiation mechanism of UV-B tolerance strain KFS-9 was studied from the profile of metabolites.Methods The compounds were separated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated based on GC-MS,LC-TOF-MS,EI-MS and NMR analyses.Results Three unsaturated fatty acids(identified as 9-hexadecenoic acid,9,12-octadecadienoic acid and 11-octadecenoic acid) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid able to absorb ultraviolet were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the fermentation liquid of Pantoea agglomerans KFS-9.Fraction(Ⅱ) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract and was composed of 2,3-butanediol and a series of high unsaturated aroma compounds.Fraction(Ⅱ) had a wide absorption peak,and it could protect E.coli from UV-B damage in some sense.Conclusion Strain KFS-9 produced metabolites that were able to absorb UV to build a natural barrier and so improved the tolerance to UV radiation.The UV-B radiation protection test to the E.coli also showed fraction(Ⅱ) was not the only protector,and there definitely existedother materials and mechanism to protect the strain.