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1.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-605989

RESUMO

Objective To understand the capability of parasitic disease control and prevention among professional and tech?nical personnel in medical and health institutions in Wuxi City,so as to provide the evidence for promoting relative capability building. Methods Forty?one professional and technical persons from 22 medical and health institutions received the evalua?tion through the theoretical knowledge exam and laboratory operation skill assessment. Results The average score of theoretical knowledge exam was(76.5±15.6)with the pass rate of 80.5%and excellent rate of 48.9%. The average score,pass rate and ex?cellent rate for Plasmodium blood slide making were(7.3 ± 1.5),87.8%and 41.5%respectively,the average score,pass rate and excellent rate for Plasmodium blood slide reading were(14.0 ± 7.2),31.7% and 12.2% respectively;the average score, pass rate and excellent rate for helminthes microscope examination were(19.4 ± 10.4),24.4%and 0 respectively;the average score,pass rate and excellent rate for Oncomelania hupensis snail identification were(8.6±1.1),95.1%and 73.2%respectively. The average scores of helminthes microscope examination and Oncomelania hupensis snail identification were higher in the par?ticipants with middle?level professional title or above than in the participants with primary level professional title (both P <0.05). The average scores of theoretical knowledge exam,Plasmodium blood slide reading and helminthes microscope examina?tion were higher in the participants from disease control and prevention institutions than in the staff who came from medical insti?tutions(all P<0.05). Conclusions The professional and technical personnel in medical and health institutions in Wuxi do bet?ter in theoretical knowledge,Plasmodium blood slide making and Oncomelania hupensis snail identification. However,the capa?bility of parasite microscope examination is urgently needed to be improved in the future.

2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;32(8): 721-726, ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-649510

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and compare the results obtained in the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT), Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and bioassay in mice. In order to accomplish this, 40 free-range chickens from eight farms in neighboring areas to the Pantanal in Nhecolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, were euthanized and blood samples, brain and heart were collected. The occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies found in chickens was 67.5% (27 samples), considering as a cutoff point the dilution 1:5. Among the samples analyzed, 7 (25.9%) were positive in the dilution 1:5, 3 (11.1%) in 1:10, 2 (7.4%) in 1:20, 3 (11.1%) in 1:320, 1 ( 3.7%) in 1:640, 3 (11.1%) in 1:1280, 2 (7.4%) in 1:2560, 4 (14.8%) in 1:5120 and 2 (7.4%) in 1:10.240. From the mixture of tissue samples (brain and heart) from the chickens analyzed, 16 (40%) presented electrophoretic bands compatible with T. gondii by PCR (gene B1). In the comparison of techniques, 59.26% positivity in PCR was revealed among animals that were seropositive in MAT (cutoff 1:5). From 141 inoculated mice, six (4.44%) died of acute toxoplasmosis between 15 and 23 days after inoculation. Surviving mice were sacrificed at 74 days after inoculation, and a total of 28 cysts were found in the brains of 10 distinct groups. From the seropositive hens, 27 bioassays were performed and 11 (40.7%) isolates were obtained. A greater number of isolations happened in mice that were inoculated with tissues from chickens that had high titers for anti-T. gondii antibodies. Chronic infection in mice was observed in nine groups (33.3%) from five different properties. Among the surviving mice, 25.6% were positive for T. gondii in MAT (1:25). From mice positive in PCR, 87.5% were also positive in MAT. Among the PCR-negative mice, 5.2% were positive for T. gondii in MAT. It can be concluded through this study that the occurrence of infecton by T. gondii in the rural properties studied was high, that PCR directed to gene B1 does not confirm the viability of the parasite, but it can be used as a screening method for the selection of chickens infected by T. gondii, that the animals with titer greater than 10 must be prioritized for the selection of animals for bioassay, since for them, the chances of isolating the parasite are greater and that seroconversion in experimentally infected mice is not a good indicator for isolating the agent.


Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a ocorrência de Toxoplasma gondii e comparar os resultados obtidos no Teste de Aglutinação Modificada (MAT), Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR) e o bioensaio em camundongos. Para tanto, 40 galinhas de criação livre de oito fazendas em áreas limítrofes ao Pantanal da Nhecolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, foram eutanasiadas e amostras de sangue, o cérebro e o coração foram coletados. A frequência de anticorpos anti-T. gondii encontrada nas galinhas foi de 67,5% (27 amostras), considerando como ponto de corte a diluição 1:5. Entre as amostras analisadas, 7 (25,9%) foram positivas na diluição 1:5, 3 (11,1%) em 1:10, 2 (7,4%) em 1:20, 3 (11,1%) em 1:320, 1 ( 3,7%) em 1:640, 3 (11,1%) em 1:1.280, 2 (7,4%) em 1:2.560, 4 (14,8%) em 1:5.120 e 2 (7,4%) em 1:10.240. A partir da mistura de amostras de tecidos (cérebro e coração) das galinhas analisadas, 16 (40%) apresentaram bandas eletroforéticas compatíveis com T. gondii por PCR (gene B1). Na comparação das técnicas, revelou-se 59,26% de positividade na PCR entre os animais soropositivos no MAT (ponto de corte 1:5). Dos 141 camundongos inoculados, seis (4,44%) morreram de toxoplasmose aguda entre 15 e 23 dias após a inoculação. Os camundongos que sobreviveram foram sacrificados 74 dias após a inoculação, sendo encontrados 28 cistos nos cérebros de 10 grupos distintos. Das galinhas soropositivas, foram realizados 27 bioensaios e obtidos 11 (40,7%) isolados. Um maior número de isolamentos ocorreu em camundongos que foram inoculados com tecidos de galinhas que tinham altos títulos de anticorpos anti-T. gondii. Infecção crônica em camundongos foi observada em nove grupos (33,3%) de cinco propriedades diferentes. Entre os camundongos que sobreviveram, 25,6% foram positivos para T. gondii no MAT (1:25). Dos camundongos positivos na PCR, 87,5% também foram positivos no MAT. Já entre os camundongos PCR negativos 5,2% foram positivos para T. gondii no MAT. Concluiu-se através deste estudo que a ocorrência de infecção pelo T. gondii nas propriedades rurais estudadas foi alta, que a PCR direcionada ao gene B1, não confirma a viabilidade do parasita, porém pode ser utilizada como método de triagem para a seleção de galinhas infectadas por T. gondii, que os animais com título maior que 10 devem ser priorizados para a seleção de animais para bioensaio, pois para eles, as chances de isolamento do parasita são maiores e que a soroconversão em camundongos infectados experimentalmente não é um bom indicador de isolamento do agente.


Assuntos
Animais , Bioensaio/veterinária , Galinhas/parasitologia , Toxoplasmose Animal , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Patologia Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Testes Sorológicos/veterinária , Testes de Aglutinação/veterinária
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