RESUMO
Resumen Este trabajo es resultado de una investigación empírico-analítica, realizada con un diseño descriptivo-correlacional y de corte transversal. Su objetivo consistió en describir la relación entre niveles de autoestima, riesgo suicida y estilos de socialización parental, para lo cual se aplicaron: la escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, la escala de Desesperanza de Beck, Weissman, Lester y Trexler (1974)y la escala de Socialización Parental ESPA-29. El estudio encontró que la autoestima no se correlaciona de forma importante con el riesgo suicida, y que 6 de cada 10 estudiantes presenta algún tipo de riesgo, que se incrementa cuando los padres son indulgentes o negligentes, y ambos perfiles tienden a la coerción verbal e indiferencia. Otros elementos asociados al riesgo suicida fueron: la aceptación e imposición del dominio parental y un elevado control con afecto negativo, coerciones e imposiciones.
Abstract This work is the result of an empirical and analytical research conducted with a descriptive, cor relational and transversal methodology. Its aim was to describe the relations between self-esteem, suicidal risk and parental socialization styles. In order to achieve the objective these tools were used: the Rosenberg Scale for Self-esteem, the Scale of Despair of Beck, Weissman, Lester and Trexler (1974) and the ESPA-29 scale of Parental Socialization Styles. The study found that self esteem is not significantly correlated with suicidal risk; and that 6 out of 10 students presented some risk, that increases when parents are indulgent or negligents; and both profiles present verbal coercion and indifference inclinations. Other elements associated to suicidal risk were: acceptance and imposition of parent control and a high control with negative effects, coercions and impositions.
RESUMO
O objetivo do estudo foi validar a versão portuguesa da Escala de Estilos de Socialização Parental na Adolescência (ESPA-29) de Musitu e García (2001, 2004). Participaram 849 adolescentes de ambos os sexos (57,2% raparigas e 42,8% rapazes), com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 18 anos (M = 14,57, DP = 2,43) e residentes no sul de Portugal. A validade de constructo foi estudada através da análise fatorial exploratória e a fidelidade do instrumento através da análise da consistência interna e da estabilidade temporal (pelo método de teste-reteste). Os resultados obtidos foram consistentes com os da versão original e reproduziram a estrutura bidimensional da escala. A versão portuguesa da ESPA-29 apresentou boas características psicométricas, com níveis de consistência interna e de estabilidade temporal bastante satisfatórias. Estes resultados sugerem que a versão portuguesa da ESPA-29 é fiável para o estudo dos estilos de socialização parental em adolescentes portugueses. (AU)
The aim of this study was to validate the Portuguese version of the Parental Socialization Scale in Adolescence (ESPA-29) by Musitu and García (2001, 2004). A sample of 849 adolescents (57.2% girls and 42.8% boys), aged 10 to 18 years (M = 14.57, SD = 2.43), from the southern region of Portugal, participated in the study. Construct validity was studied using exploratory factor analysis, and the reliability study was conducted through the analysis of internal consistency and temporal stability (through the test-retest method). Results were consistent with those obtained in the original version of the instrument and reproduced the bi-dimensional structure of the scale. Furthermore, the Portuguese version of ESPA-29 showed good psychometric characteristics, with satisfactory levels of internal consistency and temporal stability. These results suggest that this is a reliable instrument for studying parental socialization styles in Portuguese adolescents. (AU)