Mobola plum seed methanolic extracts exhibit mixed type inhibition of angiotensin Ⅰ-converting enzyme in vitro

Objective:To explore the possible inhibitory potentials and mechanism by Mobola plum (Parinari curatellifolia) seeds crude methanol (CE) and flavonoid-rich (FE) extracts on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE I).Methods:The sensitivity and kinetic model of inhibition of CE and FE on ACE I using N-[3-(2-furyl)-acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly as enzyme substrate for ACE I was evaluated by Michealis Menten approach.The inhibition mechanism was explored from LineweaverBurk model and IC50 was determined from Cheng-Prusoff empirical analysis.Results:The IC50 of CE and FE were 13.54 and 39.38 μg/mL,respectively.Both extracts exhibited mixed type inhibition with the inhibitory constant (Ki) of CE was between 0.38 and 0.37 μg/mL while that of FE showed a two-fold increase (1.62 μg/mL and 0.28 μg/mL).FE on ACE I demonstrated positive cooperativity with a Hill's coefficient of 1.89.Conclusions:The study reveals the superior ACE I inhibitory potential of CE over FE and suggest that mixed inhibition pattern of the enzyme might be the underlying mechanism of antihypertensive activity.

Mobola plum seed methanolic extracts exhibit mixed type inhibition of angiotensin -converting enzyme in vitro

Objective To explore the possible inhibitory potentials and mechanism by Mobola plum (Parinari curatellifolia) seeds crude methanol (CE) and flavonoid-rich (FE) extracts on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE ). Methods The sensitivity and kinetic model of inhibition of CE and FE on ACE using N-[3-(2-furyl)-acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly as enzyme substrate for ACE was evaluated by Michealis Menten approach. The inhibition mechanism was explored from Lineweaver–Burk model and IC

The Chemical, Fatty Acid and Sensory Evaluation of Parinari curatellifolia Seeds.

The nutritive potentials of Parinari curatellifolia seeds have been analyzed with respect to its proximate, mineral, fatty acid and sensory quality. The results showed that the sample contains ash (2.68%), moisture (4.40%), crude protein (12.7%), crude fibre (5.45%), crude fat (1.77%) and carbohydrate 73.0%. Potassium was the most abundant mineral while the least abundant was copper. Myristic acid (9.75%) was the most concentrated fatty acid in the sample. The data obtained from the 10 - member panel based on 9-point hedonic scale for sensory quality showed that the sample could be perceived as dark-brown, bitter and fairly choking smell, hard but rough texture with loose attachment of testa to the seed.

Anti-Bacterial Effect of Different Fractionations of Acetic Acid Leaf Extract of Parinari curatellifolia.

The research was aimed at determining the anti-bacterial effect of different fractions of acetic acid leaf extract of Parinari curatellifolia. The research was conducted in laboratory unit of peace specialist hospital, Yola, Nigeria between May and November, 2011. Different solvent extracts of the leaf were prepared using the soxhlet apparatus. Disc diffusion method was used to test for the anti-bacterial activities of the different solvent extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the acetic acid extract which gave the highest zones of inhibition against the microbial isolates used revealed that the MIC for Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas sp is 5mg/ml while that for Klebsiella sp and Staphylococcus aureus is 50mg/ml The acetic acid extract was fractionated with different solvents using the column chromatography. Four fractions (TiA, TiB, TiC, and TiD) were obtained from the column. Fraction TiC gave the highest zone of inhibition ranging from 10.0±0.6 to 17.3±0.9 against the test organisms. This is significantly (P=0.5) different from the crude acetic acid extract with inhibition zones ranging from 20.0±0.6 to 28.3±0.3. Inhibition zones were measured using a metre rule. Fraction TiB did not have any anti-bacterial activity against all the test organisms. Fraction TiC gave three bands on thin layer chromatography with Rf values of 0.38, 0.36, and 0.23. The activities of the separated fractions were lower compared to the crude extract. This may be due to synergistic effect of various secondary metabolites present in the crude extract. Results were discussed in respect to the anti-bacterial effect of the different fractions.

Evaluation of Anti-diabetics and Cardiovascular Effects of Parinari curatellifolia Seed Extract and Anthoclista vogelli Root Extract Individually and Combined on Postprandial and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats.

Objective: To study toxicity, anti-diabetic and cardiovascular effects of hydro-ethanolic extracts of Parinari curatellifolia seed extract and Aristolochia vogelii roots extract and (1:1) mixture of the above two extracts. Materials and Methods: Twenty Wister strain albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups; A, B, C and D with each consisting of five animals received extracts as follows: Group I, P. curatellifolia and A. vogelli mixture (1:1) (500 mg/kg bwt); Group II, A. vogelli (500 mg/kg bwt); Group III, P. curatellifolia seed extract (500 mg/kg bwt); Group IV, 0.5 ml (2% w/v) acacia solution and served as control. After 30 min, the animals were each administered orally with 40% (w/v) glucose at a dose of 1ml /100 g bwt. Blood glucose levels were then monitored at 30, 60, and 120 min. intervals and reported as the average glucose level of each group. Another set of twenty five rats (diabetic rats) were randomly distributed into five groups of five animals each while the additional sixth group was the positive control consisting of five normal rats. Treatments were as follows: Group I, diabetic treated with A. vogelli at a dose of 500 mg/kg bwt; Group II, diabetic treated with P. curatellifolia at a dose of 500 mg/kg bwt; Group III, diabetic treated with glibenclamide 600μg /kg bwt; Group IV, diabetic treated with mixture of Parinari curatellifolia and A. vogelli (1:1) (500 mg/kg bwt); Group V, diabetic untreated (control negative) while group VI was the positive control. Results: A significant reduction in postprandial sugar level was observed after 30 min in all treatments. The extracts individually and in combined form also showed effective decrease in plasma glucose levels on the diabetic rats. There were significant reductions (p<0.05) in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and significant increase (p<0.05) in high density lipoprotein (HDL)–cholesterol in the treated diabetic group compared to the negative control. Furthermore, significant reductions in aspartate aminotransferases (AST) and alanine aminotransferases (ALT) levels were observed in the treated diabetic animals compared to the untreated. Also significant reduction in the creatinine and increase in the protein levels respectively were observed in the treated diabetic groups. Conclusion: The results showed that the respective extracts and the extract mixture had both good hypoglycaemic activity and beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors.