Effect of Sewage on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in Unnao District (U.P.), India

This study was conducted during 2021-22 considering various vegetable growing farmers in Unnao District (U.P.), India to find out the effect of using sewage as the only source of irrigation to their crops. In this study, 250 surface soil samples collected from farmer’s field were analyzed for Physical as well as Chemical parameters. The physical properties of soils improved due to sewage application; Bulk density ranged from 1.04 to 1.42 Mg m-3 and particle density ranged between 2.61 to 2.88 Mg m-3 and Porosity ranged between 53.4 to 61.85 with mean of 56.87 percent. Chemical Parameters such as pH, E.C., O.C., Available N, P & K were also analyzed and the results indicated that soils had a mean normal pH of 7.2, E.C. of 0.76 dSm-1, O.C. of 56.80. Available nitrogen ranged from 565 – 1217 kg ha-1 with mean of 879.56 kg ha-1.The Phosphorus availability was found ranging from 14.40 – 33.5 kg ha-1 with a mean of 23.98 kg ha-1, while Potassium was found with a mean of 205.30 kg ha-1 in range of 174 – 235 kg ha-1.

Vertical Variability of Physical Properties under Different Land - Use Practices in Vertisols and Inceptisols of Central India

A study was carried out after harvest of rabi season crop during 2020-2021 to find out the vertical variability in status of physical properties in Vertisol and Inceptisol under different land uses. Samples were collected in triplicate from six different land use practices (forest, uncultivated, soybean-wheat, rice-wheat, soybean - chickpea and maize-wheat) at four depths (0-15, 15-30 30-45 and 45-60 cm) Gwalior and Jabalpur regions. For statistical analysis of data in factorial RBD different soil type were considered as factor A ,land use practices as factor B and three replications. Physical properties significantly affected by soil type. It was observed in different land use practices significantly affected in WHC. Under different soil type content of sand, silt and bulk density were higher in Inceptisol as compared to vertisol, however content of clay, porosity and (water holding capacity) WHC were higher Vertisol as compare to Inceptisol. WHC, bulk density and clay was found increased down the depth except porosity, sand in Vertisol while content of sand and bulk density was found increased down to depth except WHC, porosity and clay in Inceptisol.

EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF EXPIRED TABLET ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: A CASE STUDY OF RANOZEX TABLET

Pharmaceutical waste can result from many locations and from many activities in health care facilities. They generate medicines waste which are compounding from pharmacy. In the present study, an attempt has been made to know the effect of Ranozex expired tablet on soil physical quality. The expired tablets were applied at a concentration of 150 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg and 1g. The expired ranozex tablets was mixed with sandy loam clay soil and kept for observation for 7 to 27 days respectively. The experimental setup was maintained till 27 days, at every 7 days intervals, the soil was extracted and subjected to selected physical properties such as bulk density, particle density, water holding capacity and moisture content. From the results, it was found that, the bulk density and particle density were found to be reduced. The percentage of water holding capacity was found to be higher during the experimental period

Precompression stress and compression index depend on the property used to represent the soil deformation in the compression curve / Pressão de preconsolidação e índice de compressão dependem da propriedade usada para representar a deformação do solo na curva de compressão

ABSTRACT: During linear deformation (h) in a soil sample, the variation of the void ratio with respect to deformation (dε/dh) and the respective variation of soil bulk density (dρ/dh) are identical only for a specific value of h. Consequently, if two compression curves are drawn for the same soil sample, one using ρ and the other using ε, there are differences in both the calculated precompression stress (σp) and compression index (Ic). In this study, we highlight the causes by a mathematical analysis and an experimental investigation, quantifying the differences in σp and Ic when using ε and ρ. σp and Ic were calculated for 103 compression curves of an ultisol and 193 of an oxisol. The σp (kPa) using ρ (σpρ) was greater than when using ε (σpε), and differences were rather independent of the soil type. The relations found by linear regression relating σpρ to σpε were σpρ=0.8186σpε+34.202 for the ultisol and σpρ=0.8878σpε+34.875 for the oxisol. In contrast, the used soil property (ρ or ε) as well as soil type affected Ic. Ic calculated using ρ was greater than when using ε in almost all (96%) of the cases for the ultisol, and in only 12% of the cases for the oxisol. For a wide range of ρ, evidence from this study indicated that the use of ρ overestimates σp when compared to the use of ε.

RESUMO: À medida que uma amostra de solo sofre deformação linear (h), a variação do índice de vazios em relação à deformação (dε/dh) e da respectiva variação da densidade do solo (dρ/dh) são coincidentes somente para um único valor de h. Decorrente disso, verifica-se experimentalmente que, para a mesma amostra de solo, há diferenças, tanto na pressão de preconsolidação (σp) como no índice de compressão (Ic), se forem determinados a partir das duas curvas de compressão, uma a base da ρ e outra a base do ε. A análise matemática, seguida da investigação experimental deste estudo, evidencia as causas e quantifica as diferenças na σp e no Ic, devido ao uso do ε ou ρ. A σp e o Ic foram calculados em 103 curvas de compressão de um Argissolo e em 193 de um Latossolo. A σp (kPa) com o uso da ρ (σpρ) foi maior que a σp com o uso do ε (σpε), e as diferenças dependeram menos do tipo de solo. As relações encontradas por regressão foram σpρ=0,8186 σpε+34,202 para o Argissolo e σpρ=0,8878 σpε+34,875 para o Latossolo. Diferentemente, o Ic foi afetado pela propriedade usada (ρ ou ε) para descrever a deformação e pelo tipo de solo. O Ic calculado com o uso da ρ foi maior que quando calculado com o uso do ε em quase todos os casos (96%) no Argissolo e raramente (em 12% dos casos) no Latossolo. Para uma ampla faixa de ρ, as evidências deste estudo indicam que o uso da ρ superestima a σp em relação ao uso do ε.