Ameliorative effect and mechanism of Sanwei ganlu on hepatic fibrosis in rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effects and mechanism of Sanwei ganlu on hepatic fibrosis in rats. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， silibinin group （positive control， 50 mg/kg）， and Sanwei ganlu low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups （80， 250， 800 mg/kg）. Except for normal group， hepatic fibrosis rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 in the other groups of rats. Starting from the 6th week of modeling administration， they were given normal saline or corresponding drugs intragastrically at the same time. At the end of the ninth-week experiment， liver and spleen indexes of rats were calculated； the pathological structure and fibrosis changes of liver tissue were observed by HE， Masson and Sirus Red staining. The contents of alanine transaminase （ALT）， aspartate transaminase （AST）， procollagen type Ⅲ （PC Ⅲ）， collagen type Ⅳ （COL-Ⅳ）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and IL-1β in serum， and hyaluronic acid （HA） and laminin （LN） in liver tissue were all detected. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the liver injury and collagen fiber deposition of rats were improved to different extents in Sanwei ganlu groups and silibinin group； the contents of ALT， AST， PC Ⅲ， COL-Ⅳ， IL-6， TNF-α and IL-1β in serum as well as the contents of HA and LN in liver tissue significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Sanwei ganlu can alleviate the progression of hepatic fibrosis in rats， possibly by inhibiting the synthesis of collagen fiber， reducing transaminase content， down-regulating the levels of HA， LN， PC Ⅲ and COL-Ⅳ， and reducing the inflammatory response.

Analysis of Mechanism of Qinggan Jianpi Huoxue Prescription in Treatment of Hepatic Fibrosis Rats by Regulating M1/M2 Macrophages / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Qinggan Jianpi Huoxue prescription（QGJPHXP） on the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages in rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride（CCl4）. MethodA rat hepatic fibrosis model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 40% CCl4-olive oil suspension twice a week at the dosage of 2.0 mL·kg-1 for 8 weeks. After the model was successfully established， these rats were randomly divided into the model group， QGJPHXP group（32.084 g·kg-1） and Biejiajian pills（BJJP） group（0.925 5 g·kg-1）， with 12 rats in each group. The blank group was injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of olive oil. The rats in the administration groups were given the corresponding solution according to the dose， and the blank and model groups were given the same dose of purified water， once a day. After 4 weeks of continuous administration， the liver tissues of rats were taken and stained with hematoxylin-eosin（HE） and Masson to observe the pathological changes. The serums were collected to detect the alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） levels. Interleukin（IL）-6， IL-12， IL-10， IL-1β， transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1） and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） levels in liver tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The expression levels of CD86 and CD206 were detected by immunohistochemistry（IHC）. Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS）， arginase-1（Arg-1）， phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p-p38 MAPK）， nuclear transcription factor-κB p65（NF-κB p65） in liver tissues of rats. ResultCompared with the blank group， the hepatic cell plate was irregularly arranged, and local inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous hyperplasia were observed， while the serum levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01）， and IL-1β， IL-6， IL-12， TGF-β1， TNF-α， CD86， CD206， iNOS， p-p38 MAPK，p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 levels in liver tissues were obviously increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the levels of IL-10 and Arg-1 were obviously decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， QGJPHXP group reduced the degree of liver cell fibrosis，and serum levels of ALT and AST（P<0.01）， and IL-1β， IL-6， IL-12， TGF-β1， TNF-α， CD86， iNOS， p-p38 MAPK， p38 MAPK， and NF-κB p65 levels in liver tissues were obviously decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the levels of IL-10， CD206 and Arg-1 were obviously increased in the QGJPHXP group（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQGJPHXP has ability to inhibit the activation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages， induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines by M2 macrophages， reduce the release of pro-fibrogenic cytokines， and promote the macrophage polarization of M1 to M2 in liver for tissue repair， thereby serving as an anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatic fibrosis drug.

Lung histopathological and ultrastructural changes in rats with bleomy-cin-induced pulmonary fibrosis / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:This study aims to investigate the histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in the lung tissues of rats induced by a single intratracheal administration of bleomycin,with the objective of establishing a reliable model for future applications.METHODS:Six to eight-week-old SD rats were randomly allocated into two groups:the control group and the model group(n=12).Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in the rat models by a single intratracheal in-stillation of bleomycin(3 mg/kg),while an equivalent volume of saline was administered to the control group.The rats were executed on the 42nd day.Twelve rats remained in the control group,while nine rats remained in the model group.Lung tissue imaging was conducted using CT scans.Lung function tests were performed to assess changes in forced vital capacity(FVC)and dynamic lung compliance(Cdyn).Lung stiffness was determined through Young's modulus testing using a rheometer.The pathological structure of lung tissues was examined using both HE and Masson staining methods.Additionally,transmission electron microscopy was employed to evaluate collagen deposition in lung tissues,alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells,macrophages,and ultrastructural changes of the respiratory membrane.RESULTS:CT scans revealed honeycomb patterns in the lungs of model rats,along with partial bronchiectasis/bronchiectasis.In comparison to the con-trol group,the model group exhibited significantly lower FVC and Cdyn values,while lung stiffness were increased.HE and Masson staining demonstrated that rats in the model group exhibited alveolar structure destruction,alveolar septum thickening,inflammatory cell infiltration,and collagen deposition in alveolar septum.Transmission electron microscopy revealed several abnormalities in the model group:increased collagen fibers in the alveolar septa,misalignment of micro-villi in alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells,wrinkled nuclei with increased heterochromatin,swollen cytoplasmic mitochon-dria,fractured or haphazardly structured mitochondrion cristaes,and a significant decrease in their number(P＜0.05).Furthermore,lamellar bodies were vacuolated and reduced in number(P＜0.05),and dilated endoplasmic reticulums with degranulation were observed.There was an increase in alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages(P＜0.01).The respiratory membrane displayed structural disruptions and an increase in thickness(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Bleomycin induces decreased lung compliance,alveolar epithelial injury,alveolar septum thickening,collagen deposi-tion,and an increase in interstitial macrophages,ultimately resulting in pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Pattern Of Geriatric Dermatoses In A Tertiary Care Hospital - A Prospective Cross - Sectional Observational Study

Objective: Geriatric dermatosis is an emerging branch in the field of dermatology to know about the physiological and pathological changes related to ageing. This study was done to find out the pattern of distribution of geriatric dermatosis among elderly patients in a given population. This is a prospective cross sectionalMaterials And Methods: observational study carried out on 100 consecutive patients aged above 65 years in the department of Dermato Venereo Leprology, Kanyakumari Government Medical College Hospital, Nagercoil after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 100 patients studied, with male to female ratio of 4:1, xerosis was the commonest physiologicalResults: changes noted followed by wrinkling. Infective dermatosis followed by allergic contact dermatitis were the commonest pathological conditions observed in our study. A thorough knowledge about the pattern of distribution ofConclusion: geriatric dermatosis in a selected population gives some insight regarding the epidemiology as well as gender distribution of various dermatosis among that area. This helps in the better allocation of resources, distribution of material, manpower and help the healthcare providers to serve the needy in better way.

Pathological changes and outcomes of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Kawasaki disease is a nonspecific systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology which mainly involves small and medium arteries.The most serious complication is coronary artery lesions, which can lead to serious cardiovascular events.Because of the unknown etiology and pathogenesis, the acute pathological changes and long-term evolution of coronary artery lesions are particularly important for clinical diagnosis, treatment and long-term management.This article reviews the research progress of coronary artery pathology in Kawasaki disease and the long-term prognosis of coronary artery lesions.

Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification / 中华老年医学杂志

Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification(DNTC)is a rare neurodegenerative disease and belongs to the category of tauopathies.The main characteristics of DNTC include presenile dementia, symmetrical bilateral calcification in the basal ganglia and cerebral dentate nuclei, and bilateral atrophy of the temporal lobes.At present, the majority of reported cases with DNTC were from Japan, with only a few cases from other countries.Although DNTC is a pathological diagnosis based on autopsy, ante-mortem diagnosis for DNTC can be achieved based on clinical features and presentation of brain tau protein shown on positron emission computed tomography.The clinical characteristics, pathological changes and diagnosis criteria of DNTC are reviewed in this paper.

Progress of the pathogenesis of radiation enteritis / 肿瘤研究与临床

Radiation enteritis is a common complication of malignant tumors after radiotherapy, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. At present, there are increasing researches on the disease, but the pathogenesis is not clear, and the treatment methods are also different. Therefore, starting from the pathological changes of radiation enteritis, this article reviews the mechanism of the acute and chronic radiation enteritis, hoping to provide clinical reference.

A report of a case of pediatric X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder complicated with nystagmus / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder is an clinically rare hereditary pigmentary abnormal disease with unknown etiology. This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of a case of X-linked reticular pigmentosis complicated with nystagmus. The main symptoms and signs were nystagmus, most of the skin of body with dark color, and pigmentation spots on the face, arms, chest, back, etc. Pathological results showed hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, hypertrophy of the acanthosis, normal number of melanocytes in the basal layer, and increased number of melanin particles in some areas. A small number of lymphocytes were infiltrated around the superficial vascular layer, and fungal spores were occasionally seen in the horn layer by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, which was consistent with the characteristics of X-linked reticular pigment abnormalities complicated with nystagmus.

Effect of Dodder Total Flavone on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Models Induced by Letrozole / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat models induced by letrozole. Method: Except the blank group, the other rats were given letrozole 1 mg·kg-1 for 21 consecutive days to replicate PCOS animal model. On the 16th day of the modeling, the estrous cycle was detected by vaginal smear, and rat with persistent keratinization of vaginal epithelial cells were selected as the PCOS model rat. The model rats were randomly divided into model group, Dacin-35 group, and high, middle, low-dose dodder total flavonoids groups. The corresponding drugs were given for 21 consecutive days. At the end of the administration, materials were collected to calculate ovary index, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to measure estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of serum. The right ovary of rats was stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE), and the pathological changes were observed by optical microscope. Androgen receptor(AR) expressions in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary were detected by mmunohistochemistry. Result: Compared with the blank group, serum T, GnRH and LH levels, ovarian index and LH/FSH ratio were significantly increased, while FSH and E2 levels were significantly decreased (PPP2, T, GnRH and LH levels, ovarian index and LH/FSH ratio were significantly decreased in high, middle and low-dose dodder total flavonoids groups (P2 level was significantly increased (PP2 level in PCOS model rats was obviously increased in low-dose dodder total flavonoids group (PPConclusion: Dodder total flavonoids may play a protective role in PCOS model rats by regulating the secretion of estrogen and androgen and affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis pathway.

Research progress of Demodex induced blepharitis / 中华实验眼科杂志

Demodex blepharitis is a special form of blepharitis caused by Demodex.Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis that infect the eyelids are parasitic on the hair follicles and sebaceous glands,respectively.When the number of infections is large or local factors affect the hair follicle and meibomian glands,a series of clinical symptoms and signs are produced.The main diagnosis of Demodex blepharitis needs to combine clinical manifestations and Demodex detection.Patients with obvious symptoms and signs need timely treatment.This study reviewed the epidemiology,pathogenesis,pathological changes,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prevention of vermicular blepharitis in order to provide reference for the research of Demodex blepharitis.

Pathological changes of the sudden deaths due to the dysplasia of the cardiac conduction system in 26 cases / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To study the pathological changes of the sudden death cases due to the dysplasia of the cardiac conduction system. Methods Using the newly established pathological sampling method by our research team, 26 hearts of unidentified sudden deaths excluding trauma, poisoning and diseases were collected and observed optically with H&E staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining. Results Among the 26 cases, there were dysplasia in the cardiac conduction system,structural abnormalities, tissue or structure shift, fibrous cushion in the sinoatrial node and 9 cases have 2~3 abnormalities at the same time. Among the age groups from 16 to 30, 21 cases (80.8%) showed dysplasia of the cardiac conduction system. Conclusion The dysplasia of the cardiac conduction system may be one of the predominant reasons for the sudden death in young adults.

The clinical and endoscopic features of abdominal type Henoch-Scho..nlein purpura in children / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical features, endoscopic changes, and histopathological features of abdominal type Henoch-Scho..nlein purpura (HSP) in children. Methods The clinical data of 151 children with HSP who had abdominal pain as the primary symptom from June 2011 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 151 children with HSP, (87 males and 64 females) aged 4.8 - 11.5 years, were enrolled. All of them had abdominal pain. There were 100 cases of cutaneous purpura (66.22%), 72 cases of vomit (47.68%), 59 cases of haematemesis (39.07%), 44 cases of hematochezia (29.13%) and 8 cases of joint swelling and pain (5.29%). Peripheral blood leucocytes increased in 114 cases (75.49%), C-reactive protein increased in 48 cases (31.78%), and albumin decreased in 21 cases (13.90%). It indicated the localized thickening of the intestinal wall in 49 cases (32.45%) by B-ultrasound. Gastroscopy was performed in 96 cases and main findings were patchy hemorrhage and erythema (89 cases, 92.70%), erosion or ulcer accompanied by bleeding (68 cases, 70.83%), ecchymosis (37 cases, 38.54%) and hematoma like process (13 cases, 8.60%). The descendent duodenum was the most common and had the most serious lesions, followed by gastric antrum and duodenal bulb. Histopathology showed capillary inflammation in 37 cases, 10 of which were accompanied by Helicobacter pylori infection.Enteroscopy was performed in 55 cases and main findings were punctate hemorrhage and erythema (49 cases, 89.09%), and erosion or multiple ulcer with hemorrhage (27 cases, 49.09%). The terminal ileum was the most common and had the most serious lesions, followed by rectum. Conclusions The clinical features of abdominal type HSP in children are varied, and it often involves descendent duodenum and terminal ileum. Endoscopic examination is valuable for the diagnosis of abdominal type HSP in children.

The clinical and endoscopic features of abdominal type Henoch-Scho..nlein purpura in children / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical features, endoscopic changes, and histopathological features of abdominal type Henoch-Scho..nlein purpura (HSP) in children. Methods The clinical data of 151 children with HSP who had abdominal pain as the primary symptom from June 2011 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 151 children with HSP, (87 males and 64 females) aged 4.8 - 11.5 years, were enrolled. All of them had abdominal pain. There were 100 cases of cutaneous purpura (66.22%), 72 cases of vomit (47.68%), 59 cases of haematemesis (39.07%), 44 cases of hematochezia (29.13%) and 8 cases of joint swelling and pain (5.29%). Peripheral blood leucocytes increased in 114 cases (75.49%), C-reactive protein increased in 48 cases (31.78%), and albumin decreased in 21 cases (13.90%). It indicated the localized thickening of the intestinal wall in 49 cases (32.45%) by B-ultrasound. Gastroscopy was performed in 96 cases and main findings were patchy hemorrhage and erythema (89 cases, 92.70%), erosion or ulcer accompanied by bleeding (68 cases, 70.83%), ecchymosis (37 cases, 38.54%) and hematoma like process (13 cases, 8.60%). The descendent duodenum was the most common and had the most serious lesions, followed by gastric antrum and duodenal bulb. Histopathology showed capillary inflammation in 37 cases, 10 of which were accompanied by Helicobacter pylori infection.Enteroscopy was performed in 55 cases and main findings were punctate hemorrhage and erythema (49 cases, 89.09%), and erosion or multiple ulcer with hemorrhage (27 cases, 49.09%). The terminal ileum was the most common and had the most serious lesions, followed by rectum. Conclusions The clinical features of abdominal type HSP in children are varied, and it often involves descendent duodenum and terminal ileum. Endoscopic examination is valuable for the diagnosis of abdominal type HSP in children.

Metabolic analysis of the effect of rheum on a taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis rat model

ABSTRACT The effects of rheum on serum parameters in a taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) rat model were investigated using pathological and biochemical tests, and a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabonomic strategy. Healthy rats and rats with AP were either treated with rheum (7.5% at a dose of 1.5 g/kg) or left untreated. Serum samples were collected from the AP and rheum-treated groups at 6, 12, and 24 h after treatment. The effect of rheum on pathological changes in the pancreatic was investigated to validate the AP model. We obtained 1H NMR spectra and analyzed the results using the partial least squares discriminant method. The results of the pathological and metabolic analyses revealed an amelioration of multiple metabolic abnormalities and an increase in the aerobic respiration ratio after treatment, compared with the AP groups. These results were attributed to improvements in energy supply and the elimination of metabolic products. The study also promoted NMR-based metabonomic analysis as a feasible method of assessing traditional Chinese drugs.

Detection of Myocardial Scar after Myocardial Infarction by DE-MRI and Its Relationship with Ventricular Arrhythmias / 昆明医科大学学报

MI is often associated with cardiac arrhythmias,and ventricular arrhythmia is the most common.MRI is a powerful tool for the assessment of myocardial viability,DE-MRI detection of myocardial scar is the gold standard for diagnosis myocardial infarction,Now we summarized the detection of myocardial infarction scar by DE-MRI and the relationship between myocardial infarction scar and ventricular arrhythmia.

Secondary pathological changes in infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip: the application value of high frequency ultrasound / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of high frequency ultrasound in discovering secondary pathological changes in infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Methods Thirtyfour infants with 36 dislocation hips were involved.Among them,32 were with unilateral dislocation of hip joint,2 were with bilateral dislocation of hip joint.High frequency ultrasound were used to observe the morphological changes of hip glenoid labrum,adipose hyperplasia in acetabulum,thickness variation of articular capsule,and development of the ossification center of the femoral head.Besides,the morphological changes of hip glenoid labrum and adipose hyperplasia in acetabul were compared with those from MRI.Results The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in diagnosing glenoid labral introversion were 82 ％ and 100％ respectively.The coincidence rate of diagnosing glenoid labral introversion and glenoid labral extroversion were both 83％.Adipose hyperplasias in acetabul were clearly seen in 31 hips using ultrasound.The thickness of articular capsule in the affected hip and in the healthy hip was (2.8 ± 0.6)mm versus (1.7 ± 0.4) mm,and the difference was obviously significant (P ＜0.01).The ossification center of the femoral head in the 34 infants were classified as the following four types:① which was smaller in the affected side than in the healthy side (22/34);②which was shown in the healthy side (7/34) but not in the affected side;③ which in both sides were not shown (4/34);④ which in both sides were small (1/34).Conclusions Ultrasound is a method of simple,rapid,non-invasive in diagnosing DDH,and it can be used to discover secondary pathological changes in infant with DDH,which provide important reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Application value of percutaneous puncture biopsy technique under CT guide in clinical ;pathological changes of breast / 中国医学装备

Objective: To evaluate the diagnosis value of percutaneous puncture biopsy technique under CT guiding in clinical pathological changes of breast. Methods:46 patients with breast lumps or nodules, including six cases of pleural disease, were carried out percutaneous puncture biopsy under CT guide, where a coaxial Angiotech 17G trocar together with BiopincelSG were used in the puncture process. Results: 44 cases of pathological findings were acquired and the diagnosis ratio was 93.4%, including 9 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 24 cases of adenocarcinoma, 3 cases of small cell carcinoma, 1 case of metastatic tumor, 1 case of tuberculosis cases, 5 cases of inflammation and 1 case of normal reflexed pleura. 2 cases have no clear diagnosis. Conclusion: The percutaneous lung biopsy technique under CT guide has the merits of less diagnosis trauma, high diagnosis accuracy and high clinical application value.

Effects of the Chinese herbal compound, Tengmei decoction, on inflammatory injury in joints of rat models of type Ⅱcollagen-induced arthritis / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of Chinese herbal compound, Tengmei decoction, on type II collagen-induced arthritis ( CIA) in rats, and to examine the changes of arthritis index ( AI) , limb swelling, joint tissue inflammatory infiltration, and the effects on immune-inflammatory factors.Methods Sprague-Dawley rat models of arthritis were successfully established by intradermal injection of type II collagen and Freund’ s complete adjuvant.The model rats were randomly divided into model group, positive drug group, and high-and low-dose Chinese medicine groups, 6 rats in each group.The intervention and treatment period was 12 weeks.To measure weekly the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the rear ankles and wrists, the transverse diameter of the claw foot palm pad, the thickness and the highest point width of hind limb plantar joint swelling, and to evaluate the integrated scores of joints and limbs swelling using a vernier caliper.Results ①Compared with the normal group, the total arthritis scores and hind limbs AI scores of the model group were significantly increased ( P <0.05 or P <0.01 ) .The left forelimb AI scores were significantly increased during 10 -12 weeks ( P <0.05 ) .The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the left hind limb, the thickness of the highest point measurement of the left hind foot pad metatarsal were significantly increased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) in different time periods between 1-12 weeks.Compared with the model group, the total scores and the left hind limb joints AI scores of the high-and low-dose drug groups were decreased after 6 weeks (P<0.05).②Compared with the normal control group, levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression of IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly up-regulated ( P<0.01 ) in the model group.Compared with the model group, the levels of mRNA transcription and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-αproteins were significantly down-regulated in the positive group and Chinese medicine groups ( P <0.01 ) .③ Histological examination showed that the low-dose TCM significantly improved the CIA synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions The molecular mechanism of Chinese herbal compound Tengmei decotion in improving joint pathological injury of CIA rat models may be related to its inhibitory effect on the high expression of immune-inflammatory factors in the synovial tissue of CIA rats.

Analysis of pathological changes of bone hydatid cyst of meriones meridianus after radiotherapy / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the pathological changes of bone hydatid cyst of meriones meridianus after radiation therapy,and to investigate the clinical effect of radiotherapy on bone hydatid disease.Methods Ascus was dissected sterilely from sheep liver that naturally infected with Echinococcus granulomas,sheared and sac skin removed.Then it was washed and precipitated with 0.9％ sterile saline for 3 times,and scolex was HE stained and counted,from which a 20 ml suspension was made containing 12 × 106/L of scolex.Health meriones meridianus (referred to as gerbil) 140,male and female were in each half,aged 2 to 3 months,body weight(38 ± 6)g,were involved in the study.Gerbil was injected a 0.2 ml suspension containing Echinococcus granulomas scolex into hind tibial periosteum,and X-ray was taken 12 months after the injection.According to the bone destruction in the vaccination site,gerbil hindleg tibia with clear jagged bone destruction was treated as inclusion criteria,and 72 animal were selected as gerbil bone hydatid disease animal models,male and female were in each half.A tatal of 72 gerbils were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,40 beequerel(Gy) group,50 Gy group and 60 Gy group,18 rats in each group,male and female in each half.The model animals were treated with radiotherapy for 5 times,with 2 d interval,and radiation dose was 300 cGy/min.Each group of gerbils was sacrificed after radiotherapy,bone Echinococcus granulomas cysts was taken out sterilely,and observed by light and electron microscope.Intracapsular cyst fluid was extracted,washed and precipitated with 0.9％ sterile saline repeatedly,and and the pellet was HE stained for observation of scolex morphology and activity by light microscope.Results The morphology and activity ofEchinococcus granulomas in cystic fluid in control group were normal; the morphology and activity of Echinococcus granulomas were still normal in the 40 Gy group,and Echinococcus granulomas was not stained red; but those were abnormal,deformation and atrophy and stained red in the 50 Gy group; and were stained red,deformed,fractured and were wrapped by unknown in the 60 Gy group.By light microscope,the germinal layer,cuticle layer,brood capsule and histological structure of protoscolex were basically normal in irradiated region in the control group.The pathological changes of hydatid cyst in the 40 Gy group were mainly degeneration,structure of hydatid cyst was abnormal,stratum corneum was extensive edema,germinal layer became thinner and the fertile cyst was rare.The main pathological change of hydatid cyst in the 50 Gy group was that corneous layer was widely fractured,and the germinal layer was edema,buckling folds,cells decreased,rare seen brood capsule and scolex; the main pathological changes of hydatid cyst were mainly necrosis in the 60 Gy group,cuticle was extensive fault,stratum corneum and germinal layer was separated,germinal layer was atrophy and disorder,no brood capsule and scolex.By electron microscope,cuticle structure of Echinococcus granulomas cyst was clear,microvillus arranged neatly,morphology and structure of the cell and organelle in cytoplasm were normal in the control group.There were many inflammatory cells infiltrating germinal layer of Echinococcus granulomas cyst,microfilament and contents in microfilament were reduced in the 40 Gy group.Microvillus of Echinococcus granulomas disappeared,nuclear membrane was unclear,endoplasmic and mitochon eclasis,lymphocyte nuclear chromatin was clumping and edge set and in circular permutation in the 50 Gy group.Microvillus disappeared,perinuclear membrane indistinct and ruptured,parts of nucleoli were fragmented and marinated,endoplasmic reticulum was extensive expansion,mitochondria was pyknosis and obvious vacuolization,lymphocyte nuclear chromatin clumping and edge set,lysosomes and macrophage emerge in the 60 Gy group.Conclusions Radiotherapy can destroy the morphology and structure of bone hydatid cyst,radioactivity at 50 Gy has a lethal effect on hydatid cyst.Radiation treatment of bone hydatid disease has a good clinical effect.

Relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and complications in type 2 diabetes / 中国基层医药

Objective To discuss the relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia(HCY) and chronic complications in type 2 diabetes.Methods 206 cases with type 2 diabetes were divided into no microvascular complications(NDC) group,diabetic retinopathy(DR) group and diabetic nephropathy(DN) group according to the occurrence of microvascular complications,98 healthy persons were selected as control group.The levels of plasma HCY,folic acid(FA) and vitamin B12(Vit B12) were detected by chemiluminescence method.Results Plasma HCY in diabetic group was significantly higher than the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ),DMAP group (DR group and the DN group) was higher than the NDC group ( P ＜ 0.05 ),FA,Vit B12 levels were significantly decreased compared with control group(P ＜0.05 ).Statistical analysis showed that HCY level was negatively correlated with FA,Vit B12 levels in patients with diabetes( P ＜ 0.01 ).Condusion HCY is an important risk factor for DMAP,the determination of plasma HCY level in patients with diabetes will help to monitor,determine the occurrence and development of DMAP.