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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(supl.1): 359-371, feb. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: lil-753746

RESUMO

Gorgona Island, the major insular area in the Colombian Pacific Ocean, is characterized by a remarkably high biological and ecosystem diversity for this area of the world. Coral reefs are well developed and their fish communities have been described using conventional visual surveys. These methods, however, are known to be biased towards detecting larger and more mobile species, tending to ignore small and cryptobenthic species. The two main objectives of this study were to describe the assemblage structure of the cryptobenthic fish fauna and estimate the extent to which this fauna is underestimated by visual surveys.At the beginning and the end of the warm season, we compared the cryptobenthic fish assemblage recorded using visual surveys against the one recorded using “enclosed anesthetic/rotenone samples” on isolated coral colonies (N=54 beginning of warm season; N=17 end of warm season). The crypthobenthic fish fauna associated to coral colonies was characterized by small body sizes and was composed mainly by species of the families Antennaridae, Blennidae, Gobiidae, Labrisomidae, Muraenidae, Serranidae, Scorpaenidae and Syngnathidae. Conventional visual surveys underestimated overall species richness by 28-36% and number of individuals by 16-35%. Noteworthy, four species recorded during this study using “enclosed anesthetic/rotenone samples” were new records for Gorgona Island. Although both sampling methods can detect a largely overlapping group of species, the “enclosed anesthetic/rotenone samples” method was able to detect more individuals and species, including several species that visual surveys fail to detect. Although this study is the first effort to describe the cryptobenthic fish assemblage associated to coral reefs in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, our results suggest that these assemblages are an important component of the reef fish community in the region in terms of biodiversity and functional roles. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 1): 359-371. Epub 2014 February 01.


Métodos de muestreo convencionales (censos visuales) usados en el estudio de peces arrecifales han llevado a una constante subestimación de la riqueza de especies, ya que estos tienden a ignorar especies pequeñas y crípticas. En este estudio describimos la estructura del ensamblaje de peces criptobentónicos en Isla Gorgona, Colombia y estimamos el grado en que este ensamblaje es subestimado al usar censos visuales. Al comienzo y al final de la estación cálida comparamos la capacidad de detección de censos visuales vs “muestreos cerrados con anestésico/rotenona” (N=54 comienzo; N=17 final). La fauna criptobentónica se caracterizó por mantener individuos de tamaños corporales pequeños, pertenecientes principalmente a las familias Antennaridae, Blennidae, Gobiidae, Labrisomidae, Muraenidae, Serranidae, Scorpaenidae and Syngnathidae. Los censos visuales subestimaron la riqueza de especies en un 28-36% y el número de individuos en un 16-35%. Aunque un gran número de especies son detectadas usando ambos métodos, los “muestreos cerrados con anestésico/rotenona” detectan un mayor rango de especies. Este estudio, el primer esfuerzo para describir el ensamblaje de peces criptobentónicos asociados a arrecifes coralinos en Colombia, sugiere que la fauna criptobentónica puede ser un componente importante de la comunidad arrecifal en términos de biodiversidad y papel funcional.


Assuntos
Fauna Bentônica/análise , Estudos de Amostragem , Recifes de Corais , Peixes/classificação , Colômbia
2.
Rev. biol. trop ; 58(1): 311-324, mar. 2010. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-637826

RESUMO

Cryptobenthic coral reef fishes in Los Roques National Park, Caribbean of Venezuela. A significant portion of coral reef fish assemblages are composed of small cryptobenthic fishes, but these are poorly represented in regional fish characterization works. We characterized the cryptobenthic reef fish community associated with coral reef in Los Roques National Park during six week surveys. The study included 11 locations in which these fish were registered in transects of 10x2m. Specimens were collected using the suction method and a fine-mesh net. A total of 31 species of six families were collected (four Blenniidae, six Chaenopsidae, one Gobiesocidae, 12 Gobiidae, seven Labrisomidae and one Tripterygiidae). Six represented new records to the park, and Coralliozetus cardonae (Chaenopsidae) was a new record for Venezuela. The most important families were Gobiidae, Chaenopsidae and Labrisomidae. Cryptic fish assemblages changed with the reef environments, with a clear distribution pattern: some species were only observed in shallow areas of less than 5m depth, while in fringing and barrier reef areas, other species were present and differentially distributed between the reef crest and the seaward slope. These patterns probably are related to the close association that these small fish maintain with the benthos. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (1): 311-324. Epub 2010 March 01.


En los ambientes arrecifales, a pesar de que una proporción significativa de la ictiofauna está compuesta de pequeños peces criptobentónicos, estos están pobremente representados en los trabajos de caracterización regional. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la comunidad de estos peces asociados a diversos arrecifes coralinos en el Parque Nacional Archipiélago de Los Roques. El muestreo de seis semanas abarcó 11 localidades donde se censaron estos peces en franjas de 10x2m. Para la colecta de ejemplares se utilizó el método de succión y redes de mano. Se registraron 31 especies de seis familias (cuatro Blenniidae, seis Chaenopsidae, una Gobiesocidae, 12 Gobiidae, siete Labrisomidae y una Tripterygiidae), donde seis representaron nuevos registros para el parque, y Coralliozetus cardonae (Chaenopsidae) un nuevo registro para Venezuela. Las familias más importantes fueron Gobiidae y Chaenopsidae y Labrisomidae. Se observó un patrón de distribución de estos peces según los ambientes arrecifales: las especies de los bajos ambientes coralinos de profundidad menor a 5m, y las especies de los arrecifes franjeantes, que a su vez se distribuyeron diferencialmente entre la cresta arrecifal y el talud. Estos patrones probablemente se deben a la estrecha relación que estos peces mantienen con la comunidad arrecifal.


Assuntos
Animais , Antozoários , Ecossistema , Peixes/classificação , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica Populacional , Água do Mar , Venezuela
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