Dengue virus infection: Need for appropriate laboratory tests for diagnosis and management of the condition in children during an outbreak.

Background: Outbreaks of dengue infection occur in several parts of India with clockwork precision closely related to changing seasons. Most recent outbreak in Puducherry occurred between October 2012 and January 2013, affected a sizable pediatric population. A prospective study was done to characterize the demographic, diagnostic and clinical profi le of pediatric patients in a tertiary care center in Puducherry. Materials and Methods: Data of patients serologically positive for either dengue NS1 antigen or anti-dengue IgM antibodies were analyzed. Duration of fever, platelet count, complications, risk factors, morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Results: Among pediatric cases with fever who were screened for NS1/ IgM antibody during the recent outbreak, 161 (37.5%) tested positive. NS1 was detected in 85% while 5.5% tested positive for IgM and 3% for IgG. Few (4.9%) tested positive for both NS1 and IgM and 1.2% were positive for both NS1 and IgG. The mean age was 6 years of which 9% were <1-year, the youngest being 1-month old infant. Mean duration of fever was 4 days. Vomiting was associated in 42% of cases. Thrombocytopenia (51%) and hepatomegaly (41%) were two major observations. Among the NS1 positive cases, 49% had thrombocytopenia. IgM alone and NS1 with IgM were associated with thrombocytopenia in 67% and 78% respectively. 14 children had complications of dengue shock syndrome, and four had dengue hemorrhagic fever. Totally, 22 of the children had platelet transfusion. There was no mortality reported among any of these children. Conclusion: Combination of clinical fi ndings and rapid NS1, IgM detection helped in confi rming the diagnosis for appropriate management of dengue in children.

Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina asociado a la comunidad (SARM-AC): comunicación de los primeros cuatro casos pediátricos descritos en Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río / Community associated-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SAMR-AC): comunication of the first four pediatric cases in the Roberto del Rio Children's Hospital

Staphylococcus aureus is a known pathogen in pediatric patients that produces skin infections, cutaneous abscess, cellulitis and osteoarticular infections. Most of these infections are produced by a meticilin susceptible strain. The community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was published for the first time in 1993, ever since then is has been recognized as a cosmopolite pathogen. The first report in Latin America was published in 2003, and in Chile in 2008 from adult patients that have reported traveling to other countries. The following series describes four pediatric cases, all school-aged children, diagnosed since 2012 with clinical followups and molecular studies. Two cases presented as osteomyelitis of the lower extremity; and one presented as arm cellulitis. These three cases had Panton Valentine leukocidine (PV-L) negative strains from the clone complex 8. The last case presented a renal abscess, the strain was PV-L positive from the clone complex 30. This case series constitutes the first pediatric case report in Chile.

Staphylococcus aureus es un patógeno conocido como causa de infecciones de piel, tejidos blandos, osteoarticulares y celulitis en niños. Estas infecciones son principalmente causadas por cepas sensibles a meticilina. Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina asociado a la comunidad fue publicado por primera vez en población australiana nativa en 1993 y desde entonces se ha transformado en un patógeno cosmopolita. En Latinoamérica se publicó el primer caso en 2003 y en Chile se comunicaron los primeros casos en 2008, casi todos adultos y con antecedentes de viaje al extranjero. Nuestra serie describe cuatro casos clínicos en niños escolares, pesquisados desde el 2012 con seguimiento clínico y estudio molecular. Dos casos se presentaron como una osteomielitis de extremidad inferior y uno como una celulitis de brazo. Los tres primeros casos correspondieron a cepas leucocidina Panton Valentine (PV-L) negativa, del complejo clonal 8. El último caso fue un absceso renal, cepa PV-L positiva, perteneciente al complejo clonal 30. Esta serie es el primer reporte de casos pediátricos en Chile.

Mr. Wang Xugao's Treating Infants Diseases / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To sum up Mr. Wang Xugao's experience in treating infants diseases. [Method] By analysis on infants medical cases treated by Mr. Wang Xugao such as fetus scare, child tuberculosis, Severe Malnutrition, acute asthmatic attack in children,etc., sum up his features in treating such dis-eases. [Result] In treating infants diseases, he pays attention to differentiation and analysis of organs deficiency and excessiveness, very according with the gist of Mr. Qian Yi's theory of infants physiologytender organs, un-enough Qi bloodand pathology easy deficiency and excessiveness, easy cold and hot. [Conclusion] Mr. Wang's treatment on infants diseases is flexible and changeable, with good cure effect.