Multi-factor analysis of sellar floor dural suture, bone reconstruction and pedicled nasoseptal flap in skull base reconstruction / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To evaluate the efficacy and weight of sellar floor repair techniques such as different dura suture, bone reconstruction, and pedicled nasoseptal flap (PNSF) on the skull base reconstruction of medium and high flow cerebrospinal fluid leakage during endonasal endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery. 【Methods】 We collected the data of Grade 2-3 cerebrospinal fluid leakage (Kelly grade) during endonasal endoscopic pituitary adenoma resection in our hospital from January 2015 to April 2021. Multiple reconstruction techniques such as dura suture, bone reconstruction and PNSF, and related factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, tumor size and diameter of diaphragmatic defect were recorded and introduced to multivariate regression to analyze the effects of the above factors on the duration of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and bed rest time, with a special focus on the weight priority of dura suture, bone reconstruction, and PNSF. 【Results】 A total of 281 patients were included, with the average age of (47±12.6) years, males accounting for 52.6%. There were 93 cases of PNSF, 268 cases of bone reconstruction, 109 cases of dura anchor suture, 50 cases of patch suture, and 122 cases without suture. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that the application of PNSF, bone reconstruction, and dura suture significantly reduced postoperative rhinorrhea time [reduced by 18.524, 35.876, and 16.983/19.791 (anchor suture/patch suture) hours, respectively; all PPNSF>bone reconstruction [Standard β=0.211/0.207 (anchor suture/patch suture)>0.200>0.165]. The weight of reducing bed time was bone reconstruction >dura suture > PNSF [Standard β=0.239>0.206/0.210 (anchor suture/patch suture) >0.164]. After stabilizing the learning curve in 25-30 cases, the average time for bone reconstruction was (3.9±0.4) minutes. After stabilizing learning curve in 30-40 cases, the dura suture technique took an average of (3.7±0.3) minutes per stitch, (3.7±1.0) stitches per case, and (13.6±2.7) minutes of total time consumption per case. 【Conclusion】 Dural anchoring and patching suture can both effectively shorten the duration of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and bed rest time. Bone reconstruction significantly improves the stability of reconstruction, especially in prompting patients’ early disengagement of bed rest. Moreover, the learning curves of the above two methods are economical and reasonable, and their weight is close to or even exceeds that of PNSF. Therefore, they can be an effective supplement or even substitute for PNSF.

Rescue flap: alternativa de colgajo en cirugía de base de cráneo / Rescue flap: alternative in skull base surgery

RESUMEN Introducción: La elaboración de colgajos ha representado un cambio en reconstrucción de defectos resultantes de exéresis de tumoraciones de base de cráneo. No siempre indispensables, existen circunstancias, planificados o no, donde debemos emplearlos. Preservando los pedículos de la mucosa, damos cobertura a urgencias intraquirúrgicas, como fístula LCR no sospechada, así como reintervenciones. Objetivo: Presentar nuestra experiencia en pacientes, a quienes hemos realizado colgajo tipo rescue flap. Material y método: Se diseña este colgajo, sin comprometer su pedículo. En caso de fístula, sospecha de ésta o herniación del diafragma selar, se extiende, cubriendo el defecto. Resultados: De 34 pacientes intervenidos de patología hipofisaria endoscópicamente, en 18 diseñamos colgajo tipo rescue flap. 12 casos se elaboraron, no utilizándolos. En 4 pacientes con extenso tumores lo empleamos preventivamente. En 1 caso, de reintervención, previamente con colgajo Hadad izquierdo, realizamos colgajo de mucosa contralateral. En otro, diseñamos un rescue flap derecho, al objetivar salida de LCR, sellamos con este colgajo. No evidenciamos fístulas. Discusión: Esta técnica consiste en levantar parcialmente mucosa del potencial colgajo, preservando su pedículo, pudiendo utilizarse en casos de fístula LCR no programada, o reintervenciones. Sin realizar colgajos innecesariamente. Conclusión: La técnica rescue flap favorece un corredor quirúrgico, menos invasivo, manteniendo mucosa para eventuales reintervenciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The development of flaps has represented a change in reconstruction of defects resulting from excision of skull base tumors. It not always indispensable, there are circumstances, planned or not, where we must use them. Preserving the pedicles of the mucosa, we cover intraoperative emergencies, such as unsuspected CSF fistula, as well as reinterventions. Aim: We present our experience where we performed rescue flap. Material and method: This flap is designed without compromising its pedicle. In case of fistula, suspicion of this or herniation of the selar diaphragm, it extends, covering the defect. Results: Of 34 patients who underwent endoscopic surgery for pituitary pathology, in 18 we designed a rescue flap. 12 cases were made, not using them. In 4 patients with extensive tumors we used it preventively. In 1 case, of reintervention previously with left Hadad flap, we performed contralateral mucosa flap. In another, we designed a right rescue flap, when we observed LCR output, we seal with this flap. We did not show fistulas. Discussion: This technique consists in partially lifting the mucosa of the potential flap, preserving its pedicle, and may be used in cases of unscheduled CSF fistula, or reinterventions. Without flapping unnecessarily. Conclusions: The Rescue Flap technique favors a less invasive surgical corridor, maintaining mucosa for posible reinterventions.

Endoscopic combined “transseptal/transnasal” approach for pituitary adenoma: reconstruction of skull base using pedicled nasoseptal flap in 91 consecutive cases / O acesso endoscópico transeptal/transnasal em cirurgias de resseção de adenoma de hipófise: reconstrução da base do crânio combinado com a criação do flap naso-septal pediculado em 91 pacientes consecutivos

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the endoscopic combined “transseptal/transnasal” approach with a pedicled nasoseptal flap for pituitary adenoma and skull base reconstruction, especially with respect to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula.Method Ninety-one consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent the endoscopic combined “transseptal/transnasal” approach by the single team including the otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons. Postoperative complications related to the flap were analyzed.Results Intra- and postoperative CSF fistulae were observed in 36 (40%) and 4 (4.4%) patients, respectively. Among the 4 patients, lumbar drainage and bed rest healed the CSF fistula in 3 patients and reoperation for revision was necessary in one patient. Other flap-related complications included nasal bleeding in 3 patients (3.3%).Conclusion The endoscopic combined “transseptal/transnasal” approach is most suitable for a two-surgeon technique and a pedicled nasoseptal flap is a reliable technique for preventing postoperative CSF fistula in pituitary surgery.

Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o acesso endoscópico transeptal/transnasal combinado com a criação do flap naso-septal pediculado para reconstrução da base do crânio em cirurgias de resseção de adenoma de hipófise, especialmente nos casos que ocorrem fístula líquido cefalorraquidiano (FLC).Método Noventa e um pacientes consecutivos portadores de adenoma de hipófise foram retrospectivamente revisados. Complicações pós-operatórias relacionadas ao flap foram analisadas.Resultados Fístulas líquido cefalorraquidiano intra e pós-operatórias foram observadas em 36 (40%) e 4 (4,4%) dos pacientes, respectivamente. Entre os 4 pacientes, drenagem lombar e repouso absoluto foram suficientes para o fechamento da fístula e intervenção cirúrgica foi necessária em apenas um paciente. Outra complicação relacionada ao flap foi o sangramento em 3 (3,3%) dos pacientes.Conclusão O acesso endoscópico transeptal/transnasal combinado é melhor aplicado quando realizado por dois cirurgiões e o flap naso-septal é uma técnica eficaz para prevenção de fístula pós-operatória em cirurgias de hipófise.