Late diagnosis of HIV infection and its associated factors in Jiading District of Shanghai between 1998 and 2022 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the late diagnosis of HIV infection and associated factors in Jiading District between 1998 and 2022， and to provide the information for the development of AIDS prevention and control strategy. MethodsInformation of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Jiading District between 1998 and 2022 were obtained from the National Information System for Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control. Logistic regression was used to explore the associated factors of late diagnosis of HIV infection. ResultsIn total， 809 HIV/AIDS cases was newly reported， 324 of which were late diagnosis with the overall rate of late diagnosis of 40.1%. Despite an increased tendency from 2016 to 2018， the rate of late diagnosis showed a downward trend from 1998 to 2015. The late diagnosis rate was 29.5% in 2015. From 2016 to 2022， the average rate was 34.9%. The average age of cases with a late diagnosis was 44.8±14.6 years old. Age groups over 50 had the highest risk，at 57.7%， accounting for 35.8% of all cases of late diagnosis. All age groups older than 30（OR=1.37‒3.50） had a higher rate of late diagnosis than the group between age 21 and 30. In comparison to patients at VCT clinic， the rate of late diagnosis among sexually transmitted disease （STD） outpatients （OR=2.23， 95%CI：1.42‒3.49） and other clinical patients （OR=2.75， 95%CI：1.88‒4.01） was higher. ConclusionThe late diagnosis rate of HIV infection is relatively high in Jiading District. AIDS education and prevention activities should be strengthened among people aged over 50 years. For early detection of HIV infection， VCT clinic platform’s function should be fully utilized. Medical institutions should pay attention to HIV testing in patients.

Uma "rede" de muitos significados: A positivação pedagógica da "experiência soropositiva" / Una "red" de muchos significados: La positivación pedagógica de la "experiencia seropositiva" / A "network" of many meanings: The pedagogical positivation of the "seropositive experience"

Resumo: Este artigo, resultado da etnografia realizada com jovens que vivem com HIV/AIDS do estado do Rio de Janeiro, trata do investimento pedagógico de positivação da "experiência soropositiva". A partir da análise de um "encontro", situado segundo a etnografia na "rede" da qual fazem parte, reflito sobre os nexos produzidos entre ajuda mútua, práticas de cuidado de si, emoções e construção de identidades. A centralidade é dada à produção de narrativas experienciais e gramáticas de sofrimento.

Resumen: Este artículo, resultado de la etnografía realizada con jóvenes que viven con VIH/SIDA del estado de Río de Janeiro, trata del cambio pedagógico sobre la positivación de la "experiencia seropositiva". A partir del análisis de un "encuentro", situado a partir de la etnografía en la "red" de que forman parte, reflexiono sobre los nexos producidos entre ayuda mutua, prácticas de cuidado de sí, emociones y construcción de identidades. La centralidad es otorgada a la producción de narrativas experienciales y gramaticales de sufrimiento.

Abstract: This article, a result of the ethnography carried out with young people living with HIV / AIDS in the state of Rio de Janeiro, addresses the pedagogical investment in the positivation of the "seropositive experience". Based on analysis of a "meeting", according to the ethnography of a "network" in which they are set, I reflect on the nexuses produced between mutual help, self-care practices, emotions and identity construction. Centrality is given to the production of experience narratives and grammars of suffering.

Poor Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy And Associated Factors Among People Living With Hiv In Omdurman City, Sudan

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) plays an important role in the treatment outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Poor adherence would result in failure to prevent viral replication as well as an increased risk of developing drug resistance. Adherence to a life long treatment such as antiretroviral therapy is usually a complicated issue that requires careful and continuous collaboration of patient, family and healthcare provider. The objective of this study was to assess adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among people living with HIV. This is a health facility-based cross sectional study conducted among adults’ people living with HIV in Omdurman HIV/AIDS centre, Sudan. Data was collected through direct interview using semi-structured questionnaire. There were only 144/846 (17.02%) who adhered to antiretroviral therapy as prescribed by their doctors. The remaining 51.18% were taking the therapy but not regularly, 31.21% were taking it but currently not and 0.59% stated that they have never taken any antiretroviral therapy. Factors associated with poor adherence that have been identified include female gender (Adj. OR = 3.46 (95%CI: 1.46–8.21), P = 0.005), younger age (Adj. OR = 1.14 (95%CI: 1.02–1.28), P = 0.022), being unemployed (Adj. OR = 5.94 (95%CI: 1.51–23.40), P = 0.011), those who were divorced, separated or widowed (Adj. OR = 11.35 (95%CI: 1.74–73.96), P = 0.011) and respondents who perceived that their health status is poor (Adj. OR = 5.21 (95%CI: 1.44–18.81), P = 0.012) or very poor (Adj. OR = 4.04 (95%CI: 1.27–12.81), P = 0.018). Educational level and social support against HIV-related stigma and discrimination were not significantly associated with adherence. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among the respondents is very poor. Urgent interventions based on modifiable factors and mainly targeting females and younger age group are needed to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV.

Determinants of Indonesian People Attitudes Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA)

Negative attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can occur from various groups. Negative attitude from the community can affect the psychological condition of people living with HIV. In addition, the reduction of stigma and discrimination in society is an important indicator to measure the success of prevention programs of HIV/AIDS. The objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with the Indonesian people towards PLWHA. The purpose of this study assess the factors associated with the Indonesian people attitudes towards PLWHA. This study use secondary data sourced from the Indonesia Demographic Health Survey 2007 which was a cross-sectional study. The study population was married men and women between the ages of 15-54 years and they have ever been heard about HIV/AIDS. The total respondents were 20.465 people. More than half respondent (58,3,1%) showed behavioral discrimination or stigma to PLWHA (people with HIV/AIDS) or show a negative attitude. Most of respondents (61.1%) said it would keep confidential HIV-positive status for his family. They worry that if HIV-positive status to know other people will show a variety of unfair treatment towards them like a shunned, mocked up to the restriction of their rights. The majority of respondents also expressed do not want to buy vegetables from vendors who are HIV positive. The study found that Indonesian people attitudes towards PLWHA was significant associated with age, sex, place of residence, education, socioeconomic status, knowledge and perception. Increased community knowledge necessary to reduce the negative stigma against PLWHA and provides a balanced source of information not only about the dangers of HIV/AIDS but also social aspects such as the behavior of PLWHA's own discrimination or stigma they receive.

The Experience of People with HIV/AIDS: A Phenomenological Study / 성인간호학회지

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe the experience of people with HIV/AIDS. Three men and three women with HIV/AIDS participated in the study. They were asked open-ended and descriptive questions in order for them to talk about their experience in their own terms. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed to maintain data integrity and to reduce perceptual bias. The transcripts were analyzed by the Colaizzi method. Member checks from the participants were used to validate the emergent themes. Seven themes emerged from the analysis. 1. People with HIV/AIDS have a strong impact and emotional reaction when receiving positive HIV test results. 2. All people with HIV/AIDS attempt to conceal HIV infection because of fear of stigma or rejection. 3. After the initial brief traumatic reaction to HIV/AIDS diagnosis, all participants feel lonely because they had no one to express or share their own experiences. 4. People with HIV/AIDS reflect on their life, think about the death and dying process and they become depressed. 5. Most participants feel that the family members who know his/her diagnosis are a big source of support. 6. According to the normativeness of infection route of HIV, the degree of guilty feeling differs among participants. 7. Although all participants think medication is a lifeline, the adherence to medication is not maintained because of side effects, denial and concealment of HIV/AIDS. The results of this study may help nurses and other health care workers to implement more efficient nursing strategies for people with HIV/AIDS by more deeply understanding their experience.