Aplicabilidad de juegos a niños con necesidades de salud especiales / Applicability of Games to Children with Special Health Care Needs

Introducción: Niños con necesidades de salud especiales pueden ser vistos con frecuencia con poco potencial para participar en juegos y jugar con su familia y cuidadores profesionales. Sin embargo, el desafío radica en saber qué actividades lúdicas son apropiadas para este grupo de niños. Objetivo: Seleccionar evidencia sobre juegos con potencial de aplicación a niños con necesidades especiales de salud en entornos hospitalarios y domiciliarios. Métodos: Revisión integrativa de la literatura cuya búsqueda se realizó en diciembre de 2020 en las fuentes de información en salud de MEDLINE vía PubMED; LILACS a través de las bases de datos BVS y PsycoInfo; Scopus y SciELO. Conclusión: Jugar es un derecho y una necesidad de los niños, independientemente del tipo de limitación que presenten, y ellos pueden sumarse a juegos que no desencadenen complicaciones en su salud(AU)

Introduction: Children with special health care needs may often be seen as having little potential to engage in play and play with their family and professional caregivers. However, the challenge lies in knowing which play activities are appropriate for this group of children. Objective: To select evidence on play with potential application to children with special health care needs in hospital and home settings. Methods: Integrative review of the literature searched in December 2020 in the health information sources MEDLINE via PubMED; LILACS through the BVS and PsycoInfo databases; Scopus and SciELO. Conclusion: Playing is a right and a need for children, regardless of the type of limitation they present, and they can join in games that do not trigger complications in their health(AU)

Derecho a la educación para personas con necesidades especiales en hispanoamérica en el contexto del neoliberalismo / Right to Education for people with special needs in Latin Americain the context of Neoliberalism

Este trabajo intenta una aproximación crítica al desarrollo histórico del Derecho a la Educación inclusiva y no discriminatoria para personas con necesidades especiales en Hispanoamérica. Para ello se realiza una revisión de los antecedentes e hitos más relevantes en España, Cuba, Argentina y Venezuela, contrastándolos con su correlato empírico. Esto permite visibilizar, en el marco del establecimiento del neoliberalismo como modelo de desarrollo hegemónico, inconsistencias entre el desarrollo legislativo y su concreción en la vida de las personas con necesidades educativas especiales en términos del ejercicio de la Educación como un Derecho; poniendo en discusión los lineamientos de política de organismos internacionales en la materia.

This work attempts a critical approach to the historical development of the Right to Inclusive and non-discriminatory Education for people with special needs in Latin America. For this, a review of the most relevant antecedents and milestones in Spain, Cuba, Argentina and Venezuela is carried out, contrasting them with their empirical correlate. This makes it possible to make visible, within the framework of the establishment of neoliberalism as a model of hegemonic development, inconsistencies between legislative development and its realization in the lives of people with special educational needs in terms of the exercise of Education as a Right; putting into discussion the policy guidelines of international organizations on the matter.

Percepción de los estudiantes de odontologia de la ufrgs sobre la disciplina de pacientes con necesidades especiales / Perception of ufrgs dentistry students of the area of dental care for patients with special needs

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (FO-UFRGS), que cursaron la disciplina electiva de Atención Odontológica para Pacientes con Necesidades Especiales (PNE), en relación a dicho curso. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, observacional y analítico, en el cual se aplicó un cuestionario con 20 preguntas abiertas y cerradas a 64 estudiantes de 9º y 10º semestre que habían cursado la disciplina antes mencionada. El 98,4% (n=63) de los alumnos se sintió conmovido y obtuvo una lección de vida con los pacientes; el 86% (n=55) se identificó con la atención odontológica a PNE; el 67,2% (n=43) no mostró interés en especializarse en el área; sin embargo, el 76,6% (n=49) manifestó estar preparado para realizar atención a PNE; el 98,4% (n=63) recomendaría esta disciplina a sus compañeros; el 100% (n=64) consideró que el aprendizaje obtenido fue importante para su formación académica como cirujano dentista y que esta disciplina debería ser obligatoria en la malla curricular. Para los estudiantes encuestados, la disciplina de Atención Odontológica para PNE es importante para su formación y debe ser considerada obligatoria; les ha permitido conocer una nueva realidad y desmitificar sus miedos y preconceptos; además, los ha tornado profesionales más capacitados y con mayor empatía para atender dicha población.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the perception of the students of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (FO-UFRGS) who took the elective subject of Dental Care for Patients with Special Needs (PSN) in relation to said course. A longitudinal, observational and analytical study was carried out, in which a questionnaire with 20 open and closed questions was applied to 64 students of 9th and 10th semester who had taken this subject. A total of 98.4% (n = 63) of the students felt moved and learnt a life lesson with the patients; 86% (n = 55) identified with dental care for PSN; 67.2% (n = 43) showed no interest in specializing in the area; however, 76.6% (n = 49) said they were prepared to work with PSN; 98.4% (n = 63) would recommend this area to their peers; 100% (n = 64) considered that what they learned was important for their academic training as dental surgeons and that this discipline should be obligatory in the course curriculum. The students surveyed believe this area is important for their training and should be considered obligatory; it has allowed them to see a new reality and demystify their fears and preconceptions. In addition, it has made them more qualified professionals with greater empathy to serve this population.

Oral health status of patients with special needs from a rehabilitation association in Curitiba (PR, Brazil)

Introduction:Patients with special needs commonly show significant systemic and oral diseases. Objective:We carried out a survey on the oral health status from individuals with special needs of Associação Paranaense de Reabilitação (APR), in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Material and methods: Clinical oral examination was performed and a specific questionnaire was applied to 87 individuals, aged from 5 to 14 years-old. Results: The mean age average was 9 yearsold, and 57.5% were males. The mean DMFT was 1.4, and 54% of the sample showed DMFT = zero. The oral health status from the studied sample was similar to that found in the same age group of the general population. Conclusion: We indicate that strategies for controlling oral health diseases tailored for this group must be stimulated, once the vulnerability is present.

Oral rehabilitation in a patient with bipolar affective disorder: clinical case report

Objective: This study, through a literature review, aimed to present the key aspects found in Bipolar Affective Disorder (BAD), as well as present a case report of a patient who received dental care in the Discipline of Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs of PUCPR. Case report:Female patient, 30 years of age, leukoderma, diagnosed by medical and psychological exams as suffering from BAD and slight mental retardation. The most evident characteristics inherent to the primary illness included swings in mood and affection as well as bipolar or manic depressions. The special school where she studied and worked referred her to receive dental care in the Discipline of Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs of PUCPR. Her main complaint was the lack of upper front teeth and the esthetic. The treatment plan included adequacy of oral environment through basic periodontal therapy and production of removable partial dentures. Conclusion: People with BAD requires extra care with regard to behavioral management.

Intervenção psicossocial por meio de oficina de dinâmica de grupo em uma instituição: relato de experiência / Psychosocial intervention with workshops for groupdynamics analysis in an institution: reporting a case study

Este relato de experiência é produto de uma atividade prática, realizada por duas estudantes do curso de Psicologia e um psicólogo, e visou a promover uma oficina de dinâmica de grupo com pais, amigos e colaboradores de uma Instituição que atende pessoas portadoras de necessidades especiais (PNEs) de Mato Grosso. O objetivo da oficina foi sensibilizar refletir e discutir o processo de exclusão social vivenciada por muitos PNEs. Para isso, adotou-se como ferramenta a proposta das oficinas de dinâmicas de grupo em uma perspectiva psicossocial de Afonso, levando em consideração as contribuições de Lewin sobre pesquisa-ação. Busca-se apresentar e discutir as oficinas de dinâmica de grupo como recurso metodológico para o desenvolvimento de atividades que visem a trabalhar temas relacionados à educação especial. O primeiro momento, que antecede as atividades, Afonso denomina de demanda, pré-análise, foco e enquadre, e planejamento flexível. Já o segundo momento, a atividade em si, é caracterizado pelo aquecimento, a reflexão e a elaboração do tema, a sistematização e avaliação do trabalho. Essa forma de estruturar as oficinas de dinâmica de grupos permitiu ampliar os elementos de análise, incluindo a pré-análise do trabalho realizado.

This report is the result of activities carried out by two Psychology students and a psychologist. We held a workshop for group dynamics analysis with parents, friends and employees of an institution that serves people with special needs (PSNs) in Mato Grosso. The purpose of the workshop was to reflect, discuss and raise awareness about the process of social exclusion experienced by many PSNs. To achieve our goal, we centered on Afonso’s group dynamics proposal from a psychosocial perspective, taking also into account the contributions of Lewin on action research. We seek to present and discuss workshops for group dynamics analysis as a methodological resource for the development of activities to work with topics related to special education. The first points of analysis actually come before the activities and are namely: demand, pre-analysis, focus and frame, and flexible planning. The second stage, the activityit self, is characterized by: warm-up, reflection and development of the theme, systematization and evaluation of work production. This way of structuring the workshops for group dynamics analysis made it possible to extend the analysis elements, including the pre-analysis of the work performed.