Nuevas emulsiones lipídicas enriquecidas con omega-3: beneficios reales en nutrición parenteral / New lipid emulsions enriched with omega-3: Is there a real benefit on parenteral nutrition?

Total parenteral nutrition allows nutritional supports for patients who are not able to receive oral intake or enteral nutrition. Fatty acids are administrated as lipid emulsions and a lower inflammatory cytokine level has been described after administration of Omega-3. This could be a benefit for critical patients by a potential antiinflamatory and immunomodulation effect. Also, for patients with respiratory distress syndrome, the lower cytokine effect may directly affect pulmonary vessels by vasodilatation and consequently improve respiratory function. Different studies have shown positive clinical outcomes after Omega-3 administration, while other studies have failed to demonstrate significant results. Mechanisms involved with this possible immunomodulation by fish oil are well known, although further research is necessary to clarify the clinical relevance of these mechanisms.

La nutrición parenteral es la técnica de soporte nutricional por vía endovenosa a pacientes que no pueden alimentarse por vía enteral u oral. El aporte de lípidos se realiza a través de emulsiones lipídicas, que poseen diferentes ácidos grasos. Se ha descrito que la administración de ácidos grasos Omega-3 determina una disminución de citoquinas proinflamatorias a nivel plasmático, lo cual supondría beneficios en los pacientes críticos mediante una posible modulación de la respuesta inflamatoria e inmunológica. Además, en los pacientes con distress respiratorio agudo, la disminución de citoquinas proinflamatorias ejercería un efecto directo sobre el lecho vascular pulmonar estableciendo una mejoría de la función respiratoria. Los estudios clínicos son contradictorios respecto a si la suplementación con Omega-3 se asocia con resultados clínicos favorables en forma significativa. Existe gran avance en el conocimiento de los mecanismos involucrados en la posible inmunomodulación que se le atribuye al aceite de pescado, pero futuras investigaciones son necesarias para elucidar la relevancia clínica de estos mecanismos.

The Outcome of Nutrition Support of Surgery Patients with Hypermetabolic Severity by Total Parenteral Nutrition and Enteral Nutrition and Biochemical Data / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study evaluated the nutrition intake and changes in laboratory data of surgery patients with hypermetabolic severity on nutrition support. From January 2002 to September 2002, 66 hospitalized surgery patients who had received enteral nutrition (EN, n=19) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN, n=47) for more than 7 days were prospectively and retrospectively recruited. The laboratory data was examined pre-operatively, and on the post-operative 1, 3, 7 day and at the time of discharge. The characteristics of the patients were examined for the hypermetabolic severity, The hypermetabolic scores were determined by high fever (> 38 degrees C), rapid breathing (> 30 breaths/min), rapid pulse rate (> 100 beats/min), leukocytosis (WBC>12,000/microliter), leukocytopenia (WBC41). According to the results of the study, 38.3% (n=23), 45.4% (n=30) and 19.6% (n=13) were in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. There was a decrease in the serum albumin level and weight loss according to the hypermetabolic severity. However, the white blood cells (WBC), fasting blood sugar (FBS), c-reactive protein (CRP), total bilirubin, GOT, and GPT increased. The nutritional intake was TPN (32.5 kcal/kg, protein 1.2 g/kg, fat 0.25 g/kg), EN (28.1 kcal/kg, protein 1.0 g/kg, fat 1.01 g/kg). The serum albumin, hemoglobin and cholesterol were higher in the EN group than in the TPN group. But the FBS, total bilirubin, GOT and GPT were higher in the TPN group than the EN group. In conclusion, there was a negative correlation between the changes in the laboratory data and the hypermetabolic severity. There was an increase in the number of metabolic complications in the TPN group.