RESUMO
The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) is a barrier system similar to blood-brain barrier (BBB), which can selectively limits the interchange of materials between the blood and the peripheral nervous system. It has been reported that the change of BNB permeability occurs in nerve lesions, and further research on BNB is of great significance for the treatment of those diseases. This paper mainly introduced the structure and function of BNB, progress of BNB cellular biology, changes and significance of BNB under pathological conditions, and the possible association between BNB and drug effects.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the in-depth anatomical location of the neurovascular structures important for nerve block. Forty fresh specimens from 22 adult Korean cadavers were used for this study. The average angle and depth of the bifurcation point of the sciatic nerve (BC) was 18.7±3.6° and 20.6±7.1 mm, respectively. The point where the nerve branching point out for the muscles on the posterior compartment of leg were expressed in percentage distance relative to the vertical distance from popliteal crease to BC. The medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerve for 129.0% and 116.4%, medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius for 137.2% and 141.9%, the soleus for 179.5%, the deep compartment of leg for 167.0%. Our results provide detailed anatomical information to guide optimal nerve block.
El objetivo fue determinar en profundidad la localización anatómica de las estructuras neurovasculares importantes para el bloqueo del nervio poplíteo. Se utilizaron cuarenta muestras de 22 cadáveres coreanos adultos frescos. El ángulo medio y la profundidad del sitio de bifurcación del nervio ciático (BC) fue 18,7±3,6° y 20,6±7,1 mm, respectivamente. El punto en el que se identifica la ramificación del nervio para los músculos del compartimento posterior de la pierna se expresó en porcentaje de distancia relativa a la distancia vertical desde el pliegue poplíteo a BC. La distancia relativa de los nervios cutáneos sural medial y lateral fue 129,0% y 116,4%, respectivamente; de las cabezas medial y lateral del músculo gastrognemio fue 137,2% y 141,9%, del músculo sóleo fue 179,5%, y del compartimento profundo de la pierna fue 167,0%. Nuestros resultados proporcionan información anatómica detallada para guiar en forma óptima el bloqueo del nervio.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Nervos Periféricos , Injeções/métodos , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , CadáverRESUMO
The pathology of chronic pancreatitis is well known but the early events leading to the condition are less certain. Common characteristics of chronic pancreatitis, including fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and disappearance of parenchyma, usually are well established by the time tissue can be studied. Characteristics of acute pancreatitis may co-exist. Some experts assert that chronic pancreatitis begins with acute pancreatitis. Others consider that chronic pancreatitis develops first, and acute attacks occur on this background. The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis can be initiated through a variety of mechanisms. Increased pressure may distort nerves, affect blood flow, change pH, and cause retention of noxious substances, initiating action potentials. Tissue destruction and inflammation release biologically active materials capable of activating afferent nerves. Furthermore, inflammation damages nerves directly, triggering neuropathic pain. Understanding the neural pathways in the periphery and central nervous system that transmit impulses interpreted as pain should suggest the best methods for alleviating pancreatic pain. Pain may be transmitted through splanchnic, vagus, spinal, and phrenic peripheral nerves. It may be relayed through the dorsal columns of the spinal cord in addition to the spinothalamic tract. New methods of treating pancreatic pain therefore are possible.
RESUMO
41 biopsies of rami cutaneous dorsalis of nerve peronaeus superficalis in neuro-pathies(12 inherited,8 dysglobulinemia,8 infective,3 vascular,3 other,7 unknown)and 9 biopsies from normal man were observed under electron microscope.It wasfound that 10 oud of the 4 biopsies(24%)oud 4 of the 9 biopsies(44%)had theperineurial canalicular system.The perineurial canalicular system can be divided into 2gradations.(1)The perineurial microcanaliculus consists of 1-2 layers of the perineurialcells,the lumen was irregular;(2)The perineurial canaliculus consists of 1-3 layers ofthe perineurial cells,the lumen was more regular.The luminal surface of the perineu-rial cells had no basal lamina but the external surface of them had basal lamina.The density in the luminal contents obviously lower than that of outside and glyc-ogen-like granules and myelin-like substance could be seen within the lumen.Pino-cytotic vesicles in the perineurial cells of the canalicular wall opened into the lum-inal surface.These canaliculi extraordinarily twisted between the perineurial cells ofvarious layers and the diameter of the lumen was generally 0.1-2.7?m.The originof the canaliculi situated in the inner layer of perineurium was separated from thesubperineurial space with complete basal lamina and intercellular space that contain-ed basal lamina-like substance between perineurial cells.Their termination was notknown yet.The role and function of the perineurial canalicular system were discuss-ed.