RESUMO
Introducción: El trasplante renal se asocia con disminución de los niveles séricos de parathormona (PTH). La persistencia de valores elevados de PTH asociado a hipercalcemia es sugestiva de hiperparatiroidismo persistente. El hiperparatiroidismo persistente es un factor de riesgo para calcificaciones vasculares, pérdida de masa ósea y supervivencia del injerto. El cinacalcet actúa sobre los receptores calcio (Ca) sensibles aumentando su activación por el Ca iónico, disminuyendo los niveles de PTH, Ca y fosforo (P) plasmático. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la efectividad y seguridad del cinacalcet en pacientes Trasplantados renales con hiperparatiroidismo persistente e hipercalcemia. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y observacional en 14 pacientes trasplantados renales que recibieron cinacalcet durante al menos 3 meses como tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo. Resultados: La PTHi pre-cinacalcet fue 159 ± 70 pg/ml; al mes fue 151 ± 110 pg/ml; a los 3 meses 150 ± 96 pg/ ml, a los 6 meses de 142 ± 64 y al año 139 ± 75 pg/ml. El descenso de la PTHi no fue significativo. El Ca sérico bajó en forma significativa de 11.3 ± 0.8 a 10.0 ± 0.8 mg/dl al mes del tratamiento (p< 0.001) manteniendo sus valores estables a los 3 (10.2 ± 1.0), 6 (10.3 ± 0.5) y 12 (10 ± 0.4) meses. El P fue 2.7 ± 0.79mg/dl al inicio del tratamiento, manteniendo valores estables en los meses 3, 6 y 12. La dosis media de cinacalcet al inicio fue de 30 mg aumentando en forma no significativa al 3º mes a 32 ± 12 mg/d, al 6º mes 40 ± 22 mg/d y al año 41.6 ± 18 mg/d. Conclusión: En esta pequeña cohorte de estudio de pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo persistente e hipercalcemia, el cinacalcet fue efectivo en bajar los niveles de Ca (p< 0.001), no teniendo el mismo efecto sobre la PTHi.
Background: Renal transplant (RTx) is associated with the decrease in serum parathyroidhormone (PTH) levels. The persistence of high PTH levels associated to hypercalcemia is suggestive of persistent hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). pHPT is a risk factor for vascular calcifications, bone loss, and graft survival. Cinacalcet acts on the calcium sensing receptor increasing their activation by ionic Ca, reducing serum PTH, Ca, and phosphate (P) levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet in RTx patients with pHPT and hypercalcemia. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective, observational study in 14 RTx patients who received cinacalcet for at least 3 months as part of the pHPT treatment. Results: Pre-cinacalcet iPTH levels were 159 ± 70 pg/ml; after one month it was 151 ± 110 pg/ml, 150 ± 96 pg/ml at three months, 142 ± 64 at six months and 139 ± 75 pg/ml after one year. The decrease in the iPTH was not significant. The serum Ca significantly decreased from 11.3 ± 0.8 to 10.0 ± 0.8 mg/dl after one month (p< 0.001) keeping serum levels stable after three (10.2 ± 1.0), six (10.3 ± 0.5), and twelve (10 ± 0.4) months. P was 2.7 ± 0.79 mg/dl at the beginning of treatment, keeping their levels stable after 3, 6, and 12 months. The average dose of cinacalcet at the beginning was 30 mg increasing in a non-significant way on the 3rd month to 32 ± 12 mg/d, on the 6th month to 40 ± 22 mg/d, and on the 12th month to 41.6 ± 18 mg/d. Conclusion: In this small cohort of patients with pHPT and hypercalcemia, cinacalcet was effective in reducing serum Ca levels (p< 0.001), but not iPTH.
Assuntos
Hipercalcemia , HiperparatireoidismoRESUMO
Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by an adenoma but rarely by carcinoma of the parathyroid gland. The common clinical manifestations were bone pain, recurrent urinary stone and asymptomatic. Parathyroid carcinoma is different from the parathyroid adenoma in that the invasion to the surrounding tissue or metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and persistent hyperparathyroidism are common in parathyroid carcinoma. It is important that radical en-bloc resection of parathyroidal mass including the lobe of the thyroid that is on the same side and post op follow up is important as well. There is the need of radical surgery even in recurrence of metastatic parathyroid carcinoma for improving hypercalcemia. We experienced a 50-year-old man with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by a parathyroid carcinoma in the left lower parathyroid which was confirmed by histopathologic findings. He was cured by using en-bloc resection of the parathyroid including the left lobe of the thyroid and a left side modifed radical neck dissection. But after 2 months hypercalcemia occurred again and therefore examination with computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography and esophagogram revealed a metastasis to the upper and mid esophagus. We opened the chest cavity and resected the surrounding mass of the esophagus. the mass was confirmed to be metastatic tissue from parathyroid carcinoma by histopathologic finding. therefore we report this case.