Pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf and root bark of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the pharmacognostic characters of an important medicinal plant, Holoptelea integrifolia (H. integrifolia) Roxb.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic, microscopic, macroscopic and fluorescence analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The characteristic microscopic features of leaves were observed as trichomes, multicellular trichomes, xylem cells, phloem cells, collenchyma, vascular bundles, spongy parenchyma and palisade cells. The characteristic microscopic features of root bark included cork cambium, primary cortex, phloem fibers, medullary rays, endodermis, pericycle and lignified fibers in the transverse section and longitudinal section. The characteristic microscopy of root bark powder showed the presence of cortex cells, sieve tubes, calcium oxalate crystals and lignified fibers. Macroscopic study showed that leaf shape-oval, apex-acute, base-cordate and leaf margin was entire with glabrous surface, bitter taste and characteristic odour. The morphological features of root bark showed deep fissured, rough and firm surface with rhitydome and the periderm parallel to cambium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Various pharmacognostic characters observed in this study help in the identification and standardization of H. integrifolia.</p>

Pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf and root bark of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacognostic characters of an important medicinal plant,Holoptelea (H. integrifolia) Roxb. Methods: The pharmacognostic studies were carriedintegrifolia out in terms of organoleptic, microscopic, macroscopic and fluorescence analysis. Results:The characteristic microscopic features of leaves were observed as trichomes, multicellular trichomes, xylem cells, phloem cells, collenchyma, vascular bundles, spongy parenchyma and palisade cells. The characteristic microscopic features of root bark included cork cambium, primary cortex, phloem fibers, medullary rays, endodermis, pericycle and lignified fibers in the transverse section and longitudinal section. The characteristic microscopy of root bark powder showed the presence of cortex cells, sieve tubes, calcium oxalate crystals and lignified fibers. Macroscopic study showed that leaf shape-oval, apex-acute, base-cordate and leaf margin was entire with glabrous surface, bitter taste and characteristic odour. The morphological features of root bark showed deep fissured, rough and firm surface with rhitydome and the periderm parallel to cambium. Conclusions: Various pharmacognostic characters observed in this study help in the identification and standardization of H. integrifolia.

Morpho anatomical studies of leaves of Abutilon indicum (linn.) sweet

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacognostic parameters of the leaves of Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet which will assist in standardization, quality assurance, purity and sample identification of the species. Methods: The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic, microscopic, powder microscopic, leaf constants and fluorescence analysis. Results:Macroscopic study showed that the leaf shape -cordate, Size -2-4 cm long, Colour - Green, Odour -Characteristic, Taste -Characteristic, Surface - Smooth, Apex -Acute to acuminate, Lamina-Simple, Cordate, Reticulate, Dentate, Margin-Crenate-Dentate. The microscopic features of leaves were observed as covering trichomes, glandular trichome, vascular bundles, crystals, stomata ,mucilage secretory cells adaxial epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and lateral vein. Further the study was evaluated leaf constants, powder microscopy and fluorescence study of leaf powder. Conclusion: Various pharmacognostic characters observed in this study help in the identification and standardization of Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet.

Pharmacognostical investigation of Artemisia parviflora Roxb

Objective: To investigate the pharmacognostic characters of important medicinal plant,Artemisia parviflora (A. parviflora) Roxb. Methods: The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of macroscopical, microscopical characters, physicochemical parameters of A. parviflora. Samples of different plant parts were fixed with formalin, acetic acid and ethyl alcohol (FAA), sectioned with rotary microtome and studied under microscope. Results: Some of the diagnostic features of the leaves and stems are the presence of amphistomatic epidermis, cyclocytic stomata, and collateral vascular bundles. Macroscopic study showed basal and lower stem leaves cuneate, oblong-obovate to flabellate, coarsely dentate to incised-dentate at the apex; middle and upper stem leaves mostly basally auriculate, palmatifid to deeply palmatisect or irregularly incised laciniate into linear to narrow lanceolate, acute segments. Further, ash and extractive values were calculated as per WHO guidelines. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols/terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and coumarins. Conclusion: Various pharmacognostical characters were observed in study which can help in identification and standardization of A. parviflora.