Mujeres transgénero viviendo con síntomas asociados al tratamiento antirretroviral: estudio fenomenológico

Objetivo: Comprender las experiencias de mujeres transgénero con VIH que viven con síntomas asociados al tratamiento antirretroviral en Bucaramanga. Material y Método: se realizó un estudio fenomenológico basado en el método de Colaizzi durante los meses de febrero a marzo de 2022; los participantes fueron invitados a contribuir en el estudio por intermedio de una madre transgénero, contactada a través de una red comunitaria; se utilizó un muestreo de "bola de nieve"; el primer contacto se realizó de manera telefónica con cada una de las posibles participantes, verificando los criterios de inclusión; se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad y la saturación teórica se dio al realizar la séptima entrevista, pero se decidió completar 10 entrevistas para ampliar el análisis. Resultados: Se identificaron 5 unidades temáticas: cerrando los ojos a la verdad, experimentado expresiones negativas, entre el ir y venir de los síntomas, generando estrategias para el control de síntomas y renaciendo a una nueva vida. Conclusiones: En las mujeres transgénero, la experiencia de síntomas asociados al tratamiento antirretroviral, es un proceso difícil, pero se posibilita por el apoyo en el control de síntomas y el apoyo familiar y social.

Objective: To understand the experiences of HIV-positive transgender women living with antiretroviral treatment-related symptoms in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Material and Method: A phenomenological study was conducted based on Colaizzi's, between February and March 2022; participants were invited to contribute to the study through a Transgender mother, contacted through a community network; a snowball sampling method was used, the initial contact was made via telephone with each potential participant, verifying inclusion criteria; in-depth interviews were conducted and theoretical saturation was achieved after the seventh interview, but it was decided to complete 10 interviews to further expand the analysis. Results: Five thematic units were identified: closing eyes to the truth, experiencing negative expressions, the coming and going of symptoms, generating strategies for symptom control, and rebirth to a new life. Conclusion: Among transgender women, the experience of symptoms associated with antiretroviral treatment is a difficult process, but is made possible by symptom management support, as well as family and social support.

Objetivo: Compreender as vivências de mulheres transgênero com HIV que convivem com sintomas associados ao tratamento antirretroviral em Bucaramanga, Colômbia. Material e Método: Foi realizado um estudo fenomenológico baseado no método de Colaizzi durante os meses de fevereiro a março de 2022; os participantes foram convidados a contribuir para o estudo através de uma mãe transgênero, contactada através de uma rede comunitária; foi utilizada amostragem "bola de neve"; o primeiro contato foi feito por telefone com cada um dos possíveis participantes, verificando os critérios de inclusão; foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade e a saturação teórica ocorreu quando foi realizada a sétima entrevista, mas optou-se por realizar 10 entrevistas para ampliar a análise. Resultados: Foram identificadas cinco unidades temáticas: fechar os olhos para a verdade, vivenciar expressões negativas, o ir e vir dos sintomas, gerar estratégias para o controle dos sintomas e renascer para uma nova vida. Conclusão: Entre as mulheres transgênero, a experiência dos sintomas associados ao tratamento antirretroviral é um processo difícil, mas que é possível graças ao apoio na gestão dos sintomas e ao apoio familiar e social.

Phenomenological study of the effects of traumatic birth events on compassion fatigue among midwives / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To provide theoretical reference for the construction of effective prevention and control strategies. The study deeply investigates the impact of traumatic birth events on compassion fatigue and inner feelings of midwives.Methods:Fifteen midwives from five tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou were interviewed in depth by semi-structured interview method from April to June 2021. Colaizzi analysis and Nvivo12 plus software were used to analyze and integrate the data and extract themes.Results:Three main themes were extracted, including the characteristics of traumatic birth events (high incidence, sudden and dangerous, preventable and controllable); exacerbating compassion fatigue (reducing compassion satisfaction levels; exacerbating burnout; and aggravating traumatic stress responses); and exploring effective coping strategies (time required for adjustment, seeking stress release).Conclusions:As a strong stressor, traumatic birth events aggravate the symptoms of compassion fatigue in midwives. Managers should pay attention to the occupational exposure of traumatic childbirth events, actively guide midwives to make psychological adjustments. In addition, managers can increase social support and strengthen the ideological and political education of midwives, so that they have good stress tolerance and excellent professional psychological quality.

Coping with coal: Exploring the experience of communities near a coalfired power plant utilizing descriptive phenomenological approach

Background@#Coal is the largest source of energy on earth and is used to supply electricity in many countries. Unfortunately, as much as it helps light up some communities, coal-fired power plants are also the world's biggest industrial polluters.@*Objectives@#This study investigated the environment and health conditions of the community before, and 20 years after the construction of the coal. It explored the perception of the respondents on the presence of a coal-fired power plant in their community, and determined strategies that can help protect the community against the coal-fired power plant.@*Methodology@#It utilized descriptive phenomenological design using in-depth interviews through snowball sampling. Data were analysed through Colaizzi method and was guided by the health belief model which claims that change can occur if self-efficacy is built in. @*Results@#Three themes emerged from the analysis: (1) realization of the deterioration of the environment and the residents' health, (2) awareness on the interplay between economic gain, politics, and impact on health and environment, and (3) recognizing the need for increased community empowerment on health and environment. @*Conclusion@#The presence of a coal-fired power plant in the community brings about negative changes in health and environment. Sustainable efforts to combat such negative effects are needed, and community residents in the vicinity of the power plant need to be empowered to conduct check-and-balance for their own health and environmental safety.

Understanding Experiences of Young Adult Males with Below-Knee Amputation

@#PURPOSE: This study was done to explore the experiences of young adult males with below-knee amputation at surgical wards and clinics in Teaching Hospital, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. DESIGN: The study used the phenomenology design of qualitative research. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted for data collection using a theme list with a saturation point reached at 16 participants. The duration of an interview was 30-45 minutes and was recorded on audiotape and transcribed later. Phases of familiarization with the data, coding, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and writing up were conducted accordingly to thematic analysis. FINDINGS: The young adult male below-knee amputees showed changes in lifestyle with dependence on others, supporting aids, and experiencing discomfort. They showed mental distress with dissatisfaction with life and suffering of life. Additionally, they lacked power with identity changes and encounter economic problems in their lives. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It is essential to give special education to the staff caring for the below-knee amputees to minimize their unpleasant and challenging experiences. Health staff can motivate family members and friends for individuals' mental adjustment to their new life. Additionally, the social attitude of the community should be changed positively regarding amputated patients.

Lived Experiences toward Harmful Work Environment among Clinical Nurses: Phenomenological Approach / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to expand nurse's experience of harmful work environments. METHODS: Data were collected through in-depth dividual interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi phenomenological analysis methodology. RESULTS: Harmful work environments experienced by nurses were categorized as followed: ‘Neglect concerning infections’, ‘Being thrown into a violent working environment’, ‘The hard times of being alone’, ‘Struggling with the harmful work environments’. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a deep understanding of the harmful work environments. It is necessary to create safe work environments and it is important to improve awareness in the system of organizations as well as individuals. Also, it is necessary to develop tools to measure work environment including risk factors.

Nurses' Experiences of Caring for Disabled Women during Pregnancy and Childbirth

PURPOSE: This phenomenological study was to describe and to understand nurses' experiences of caring for woman with disability during pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS: Participants were 13 nurses from 3 hospitals and 2 local clinics in J city, and were selected through snow-balling method. Data were collected two face to face, semi-structured interviews. The researcher used MP3 player and smart phone for recording as well as transcription process. As for the data analysis, Colaizzi's method was applied. RESULTS: Nurses' experiences were structured as four theme clusters: ‘Communicating between/among nurses’, ‘Recognizing pregnancy and childbirth of woman with disability’, ‘Taking care of woman with disability based on their differences’ and ‘Reflecting on nursing care for woman with disability’. CONCLUSION: It seemed that nurses' recognition to woman with disability and her pregnancy and childbirth was related their nursing care for woman with disability.

Experience Process of Reducing Prejudices against People with Mental Illness by Nursing Students during Clinical Training in Psychiatric Wards / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand nursing students' experience process of reducing prejudices against people with mental illness. METHODS: Participants were 9 nursing students who showed positive changes in prejudices against people with mental illness. Data were collected from September 2014 to February 2015 through in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed following Colazzi (1978) phenomenological method. RESULTS: Analysis showed that for the students' lived experiences of reducing prejudice, there were 47 constructed meanings as 17 subjects in 6 groups: fear, terrifying, relaxation, pitifulness, realization, and sense of kinship. Fear included harm, unpredictability, and wackiness, while terrifying included handshakes without facial expression and unfocused eyes. For relaxation, the content included doing things together, receiving consideration, and being helpful, while for pitifulness it was feeling pathetic, sorry, and anger instead concern for patient. The content for surprise included tenderness, awareness of reality, self-assertiveness, and excellent ability, and for sense of kinship, the same as me and doing with me. CONCLUSION: Clinical practice instructors or field leaders should provide enough opportunities for students to understand and express their feelings about mental illness. Providing proactive education and programs to reduce prejudices about mental illness before the mental health nursing practicum are also suggested.

A Phenomenological Study on Nurses' Experiences of Accidents in Patient Safety / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of accidents in patient safety. METHODS: Data were collected from October 8, 2011 to January 31, 2012 through in-depth interviews with seven nurses who had worked on wards or in the ICU in a university hospital. Data were analyzed by applying Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. RESULTS: The following six categories were extracted: Fear of the patient's condition caused by the accident, Conflict in the accident report, Blame on others and circumstances, Feeling guilty and sorry as the patient's condition is improving, Being disappointed with the unfavorable atmosphere in dealing with the accident, After the accident, being sensitive in performing nursing duties and being faithful to the principles. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the organizational culture in the hospital related to accidents in patient safety is still closed and punitive, and such an atmosphere causes nurses to feel seriously hurt, but through this experience nurses are likely to mature as nursing professionals. Programs on prevention of accidents in patient safety and a system to guard against these accidents should be established. Also the organizational safety culture should be improved.

Lived Experience of Considering Tomorrow among North Korean Refugees / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The present study was done to discover the structure of universal actual experiences 'Considering tomorrow' of health and quality of life among North Korean refugees in terms of the socio-cultural context of South Korea. METHOD: The research question was 'what is the structure of the actual experience of 'Considering tomorrow?', which was examined based on the Parse's human becoming research method. Five North Korean adult refugees were recruited from a National Reconciliation Committee in Seoul/Incheon. The data was gathered from dialogues and collected from February, 2006 to November, 2006. RESULTS: The structures found in this study were: 'hope for future life by taking responsibility and having harmony with South Koreans, by forming an integrated identification; having a chance for positive engagement, by attaining human freedom and hope; feeling respected, by assimilating self to the new world; getting freedom back, by facing a new challenge and preparing self for a new social role; overcoming cultural differences with fortified hardiness for survival, by making a decision for a life course with individual growth. In addition, conceptual integration was that 'Considering tomorrow is transforming the enabling-limiting values'. CONCLUSION: Health professionals need to know North Korean refugees' psychological difficulties, expectations of treatment, help seeking behavior, and expectations from mainstream culture. Additionally, understanding North Korean refugees' needs for reality, health education and a multi-disciplinary team approach are necessary to improve their health.

Experience of mothers with very low birth weight infant / 아동간호학회지

A phenomenological study is conducted to investigate the experience of mothers with very low birth weight. Sample of 8 mothers participate. Seven theme clusters emerge when the formulated meanings were organized into categories. The participants are 8 mothers who gave birth in the general hospital located in Kyunggi-Province and still live there. The data are collected from the intensive interviews on the experience of mothers whose baby is very low birth weight infant. Data collection is through in depth personal interviews two or three times with each mother. On the basis of the meanings of the experience of mothers with very low birth weight infant, the seven essential themes have been obtained Theme 1: Being surprised and perplexed due to the unexpected sudden delivery Theme 2:Experiencing emotional pain such as anxiety, sorrow, fear, confusion and self-blaming caused by a small and feeble baby. Theme 3: Pouring all their time and efforts into the baby under the acute tension Theme 4:Undergoing intolerable difficulties in confronting reality Theme 5:Raising the special infant into an normal one by themselves Theme 6: Being on the vigilance for their baby even though they can be relieved Theme 7:Finding out a reward for the difficulties they have experienced The results obtained in this study will enable us to comprehensively understand the experience by mothers whose baby is very low birth weight infant and furthermore to provide a new insight which helps baby.

Experience of Mothers with Babies by in Vitro Fertilization / 간호학회지

A phenomenological study was conducted to investigate the experiences of mothers pregnant via in vitro fertilization (IVF). Sample of nine mothers participated. Ten theme clusters emerged when the formulated meanings were organized into categories. During the infertility period, the participants were subject to self- depreciation, envy, anxiety, and depression. It changed their priorities in life from a job-oriented life to one where having a baby was the most important thing. After trying numerous alternative therapies, IVF became their last hope in having a baby. Since the success rate for IVF is low (only 20-30%), the participants for the treatment were overwhelmed with uncertainty, and it led to further anxiety, depression and despair. Success of pregnancy gave them extreme satisfaction, but they became very cautious in their day-to-day life because of their fear of abortion and early delivery. Some were even worried about the side effect of IVF during the pregnancy. Finally, the delivery of the baby gave them relief from the obligation of having a baby. Women did not have any difficulties in rearing a "test tube baby" except in the case of twins. Most women had no ethical difficulty in having a baby by IVF. However they did not wish this information to be revealed to other people. They again turned to IVF to have a son(s) when the resultory child(s) was a daughter(s). This is because of the strong preference for sons in Korean society.

The Experience of People with HIV/AIDS: A Phenomenological Study / 성인간호학회지

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe the experience of people with HIV/AIDS. Three men and three women with HIV/AIDS participated in the study. They were asked open-ended and descriptive questions in order for them to talk about their experience in their own terms. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed to maintain data integrity and to reduce perceptual bias. The transcripts were analyzed by the Colaizzi method. Member checks from the participants were used to validate the emergent themes. Seven themes emerged from the analysis. 1. People with HIV/AIDS have a strong impact and emotional reaction when receiving positive HIV test results. 2. All people with HIV/AIDS attempt to conceal HIV infection because of fear of stigma or rejection. 3. After the initial brief traumatic reaction to HIV/AIDS diagnosis, all participants feel lonely because they had no one to express or share their own experiences. 4. People with HIV/AIDS reflect on their life, think about the death and dying process and they become depressed. 5. Most participants feel that the family members who know his/her diagnosis are a big source of support. 6. According to the normativeness of infection route of HIV, the degree of guilty feeling differs among participants. 7. Although all participants think medication is a lifeline, the adherence to medication is not maintained because of side effects, denial and concealment of HIV/AIDS. The results of this study may help nurses and other health care workers to implement more efficient nursing strategies for people with HIV/AIDS by more deeply understanding their experience.