Physical activity and physical fitness according to loneliness levels in adults 50+ / Caraterização da atividade física e aptidão física de acordo com os níveis de solidão em adultos 50+

Loneliness is a perception of dissatisfaction that seems to be the result of a lack of significant re-lationships, with multiple potential causal factors. The current body of research is not conclusive in relation to the link between loneliness and physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) in adults and seniors. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to characterize PA and PF according to levels of loneliness (Social Isolation versus Affinities). The 62 Portuguese individuals (64.68 ± 6.85 years; 68% women) were assessed for loneliness (University of California Los Angeles 16-item Loneliness Scale - UCLA-16). and classified in Social Isolation or Affinities, i.e., presence of significant social rela-tionships. PA was estimated using a questionnaire (International PA Questionnaire - Short Version - IPAQ-SV ) and PF was evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test (upper and lower body strength, upper and lower body flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, agility and dynamic balance). Descriptive statistics were used. The comparison between groups was performed using parametric (t-test, AN-COVA adjusted to sex and chi-square) and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney). The prevalence of social isolation was 53%. The individuals of the Affinities group spent more minutes per day on moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) than the individuals of the Social Isolation group (0.00 [0.00 ­ 12.86] versus 11.43 [0.00 ­ 17.14] minutes, respectively; p = 0.041). After adjusting for sex, the differences were no longer significant. Loneliness groups were not different in relation to PF. PA appears to contribute to a better mental profile in adults and seniors. The results should be confirmed through studies with larger samples

A solidão é uma percepção de insatisfação que parece resultar da carência de relacionamentos significativos, sendo múltiplos os seus potenciais fatores causais. A atual evidência não é robusta no que diz respeito à associação da solidão com a atividade física (AF) e aptidão física (ApF) em adultos 50+. O objetivo deste estudo transversal é caracterizar a AF e ApF de acordo com a solidão. Os 62 indivíduos portugueses (64,68 ± 6,85 anos; 68% mulheres) foram avaliados para solidão (Escala de Solidão de 16 itens da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles - UCLA-16) e classificados como Isolamento Social ou Afinidades, i.e., presença de relações socias significativas. A AF foi estimada por questionário (Questionário Internacional de AF - Versão Curta - IPAQ-SV ) e a ApF medida pela bateria Senior Fitness Test (força de membros superiores e inferiores, flexibilidade de membros superiores e membros inferiores, aptidão cardiorrespiratória e agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas. A comparação entre grupos foi realizada através de testes paramétricos (teste-t, ANCOVA ajustada ao sexo e qui-quadrado) e não paramétricos (Mann-Whitney). A prevalência de isolamento social foi de 53%. O grupo Afinidades apresentou mais AF moderada a vigorosa comparativamente ao grupo Isolamento Social (11,43 [0,00 ­ 17,14] vs (0,00 [0,00 ­ 12,86], respetivamente; p = 0,041). Após ajuste para o sexo, as diferenças deixaram de ser significativas. Os grupos de solidão não foram diferentes relativamente à ApF. A AF parece contribuir para um melhor perfil mental de adultos e idosos, contudo, os resultados devem ser confirmados em estudos com amostras maiores

Métodos e instrumentos de avaliação do nível de atividade física em idosos Brasileiros: Uma Revisão Integrativa / Methods and instruments for assessing the physical activity level in elderly Brazilians: an Integrative Review

Introdução: Baixos níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória tem sido um preditor significativo de mortalidade em idosos. Além do envelhecimento ser uma causa natural para diminuição desta aptidão, o sedentarismo também pode acelerar esse declínio. Objetivo: identificar métodos e instrumentos utilizados para avaliação do nível de atividade física em idosos brasileiros. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa e a coleta de dados foi realizada na base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e no site do National Center for Biotecnology Information (NCBI), na base de dados PubMed. Foi feito a leitura dos títulos e dos resumos dos artigos, selecionando os que se adequavam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Logo após, esses selecionados passaram por uma leitura na íntegra para verificar a sua elegibilidade e seleção final. Resultados: De um total de 322 artigos obtidos inicialmente, 12 tratavam de instrumentos para avaliação do nível de atividade física. Destes, 5 são instrumentos específicos para avaliação do nível de atividade física de idosos brasileiros sendo eles: Questionário Baecke Modificado para Idosos, Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, Perfil de Atividade Humana, Recordatório de 24 horas de atividade e os Acelerômetros. Conclusão: Existe um número pequeno de instrumentos específicos para avaliar o nível de atividade física em idosos validados no Brasil, evidenciando assim, a carência de ferramentas de avaliação nessa população.

Introduction: Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness have been a significant predictor of mortality in the elderly. In addition to aging being a natural cause for a decrease in this fitness, a sedentary lifestyle can also accelerate this decline. Objective: To identify methods and instruments used to assess the physical activity level in Brazilian elderly. Methods: This is an integrative review and data collection was performed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) database and on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website in the PubMed database. The titles and abstracts of the articles were read, selecting those that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, the selected articles were fully read to verify their eligibility and final selection. Results: Of a total of 322 articles initially obtained, 12 dealt with instruments for assessing physical activity level. Of these, 5 are specific instruments for assessing the physical activity level of elderly Brazilians, namely: Modified Baecke Questionnaire for the Elderly, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Human Activity Profile, 24-hour Activity Recall, and Accelerometers. Conclusion: There is a small number of specific instruments to assess the physical activity level in the elderly validated in Brazil, thus indicating the lack of assessment tools in this population.

Cambio de conducta activa de participantes del Programa Vida Sana / Active behaviour change of Vida Sana Program participants

RESUMEN. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la modificación de la conducta de los participantes del Programa Vida Sana, dirigido por el Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL) en relación a cuatro aspectos asociados al nivel de Actividad Física. Participaron 43 mujeres (entre 15 a 59 años) que ingresaron al programa que se realiza en un Centro de Salud Familiar (CESFAM) de la comuna de Chiguayante. Para el desarrollo del estudio se aplicó el Cuestionario Internacional del Actividad Física (IPAQ) en un pre y post test. El Grupo fue divido en cuatro subgrupos por rango etarios: Adolescentes 14 a 19 años, Jóvenes 20 a 29 años, Adulto-Joven 30 a 39 años y Adultos sobre 40 años. En base a los resultados obtenidos, estos arrojan un aumento significativo de los METS en los diferentes Dominios estudiados de cada categoría. Es decir, la conducta de los participantes, comparándolo con el pre y post test, manifestó un cambio conductual positivo en ellos al finalizar el programa.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study is to analyze behavior modification of the Healthy Life Program participants, implemented by the Ministry of Health of Chile (MINSAL) related to four aspects associated with Physical Activity. Forty-three women participated (between 15 and 59 years old) who entered the program held in Family Health Center in Chiguayante County.To develop the study, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied in a pre and post-test. The Group was divided into four subgroups by age range: Adolescents 14 to 19 years, Youth 20 to 29 years, Adult-Youth 30 to 39 years, and Adults over 40 years. Based on the results obtained, these show a significant increase in METS in the different domains studied for each category. In other words, the participants' behavior, compared with the pre and post-test, showed a positive behavioral change.

Validación de dos cuestionarios para evaluar el nivel de actividad física y el tiempo sedentario en una comunidad universitaria de Colombia / Validation of two questionnaires to assess the level of physical activity and sedentary time in a Colombian university community / Validação de dois questionários para avaliar o nível de atividade física e o tempo sedentário em uma comunidade universitária da Colômbia

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la validez concurrente y la confiabilidad test-retest del Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) y el International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, versión corta) en una comunidad universitaria. Metodología: Un total de 76 personas de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín (Colombia), con edades entre 18 y 44 años, portaron un acelerómetro (ActiGraph GT3X+) durante siete días y posteriormente diligenciaron los dos cuestionarios; estos se repitieron una semana después. La validez y la confiabilidad para evaluar el gasto energético (GE) y el tiempo sedentario (TS) se determinó con el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI); la concordancia para clasificar el nivel de actividad física (NAF) se evaluó con el índice de Kappa ponderado (IKp). Resultados: Para medir el GE, el IPAQ mostró una validez "moderada" (CCI=0,434, IC95%=0,231-0,600; p<0,001) y el GPAQ "pobre" (CCI= 0,335, IC95%=0,123-0,519; p<0,001); para el TS, la validez de ambos cuestionarios fue "pobre" (IPAQ: CCI=0,234, IC95%=0,011-0,435, p<0,020; GPAQ: CCI=0,231, IC95%=0,009-0,432, p<0,021). Para clasificar el NAF (bajo, moderado o alto), ambos cuestionarios mostraron concordancias "bajas" (IPAQ: IKp=0,298, p=0,001; GPAQ: IKp=0,137, p=0,119). La confiabilidad del GPAQ para evaluar el GE fue "buena/excelente" (CCI=0,838; IC95%=0,754-0,895; p<0,001) y del IPAQ fue "moderada" (CCI=0,655; IC95%=0,505-0,766; p<0,001). La confiabilidad para el TS fue "moderada" en ambos instrumentos (IPAQ: CCI=0,716; IC95%=0,583-0,811; p<0,001; GPAQ: CCI=0,736; IC95%=0,613-0,824; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Los cuestionarios mostraron poca validez para la medición del NAF y del TS. Sin embargo, ambos instrumentos presentaron una buena confiabilidad para la medición de las variables estudiadas. No se recomienda el uso de los cuestionarios para la población estudiada.

Abstract Objective: Evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, short version) in a university community. Methodology: A total of 76 people from the University of Antioquia, Medellín (Colombia), aged between 18 and 44, carried an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X +) for seven days and subsequently filled out the two questionnaires; these were repeated a week later. The validity and reliability for assessing energy expenditure (EE) and sedentary time (ST) was determined with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); concordance to classify the physical activity level (PAL) was evaluated with the weighted Kappa index (wKI). Results: To measure the EE , IPAQ showed a "moderate" validity (ICC = 0.434, CI 95% = 0.231-0.600; p <0.001) and the "poor" QPAQ (ICC = 0.335, CI 95% = 0.123-0.519; p <0.001); for ST , the validity of both questionnaires was "poor" (IPAQ : ICC = 0.234, CI 95% = 0.011-0.435, p <0.020; GPAQ: ICC = 0.231, CI 95% = 0.009-0.432, p <0.021). To classify the PAL (low, moderate or high), both questionnaires showed "low" concordance (IPAQ: wKI = 0.298, p = 0.001; GQAP: wKI = 0.137, p = 0.119). The reliability of the GPAQ for assessing EE was "good/excellent" (ICC = 0.838; CI 95% = 0.754-0.895; p <0.001) and the IPAQ was "moderate" (ICC = 0.655; IC 95% = 0.505-0.766 ; p <0.001). The reliability for ST was "moderate" in both instruments (IPAQ: ICC = 0.716; CI 95% = 0.583-0.811; p <0.001; GPAQ: ICC = 0.736; CI 95% = 0.613-0.824; p <0.001). Conclusions: The questionnaires showed little validity for measuring PAL and ST . However, both instruments presented good reliability for measuring the variables studied. The use of questionnaires for the population studied is not recommended.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a validade concorrente e a confiabilidade teste-reteste do Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) e do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, versão curta) em uma comunidade universitária. Metodologia: 76 pessoas da Universidade de Antioquia, Medellín (Colômbia), com idades entre 18 e 44 anos, carregaram um acelerômetro (ActiGraph GT3X +) por sete dias e, posteriormente, preencheram os dois questionários, que foram repetidos uma semana depois. A validade e a confiabilidade para avaliar o gasto de energia (GE) e o tempo sedentário (TS) foram determinadas com o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI); a concordância para classificar o nível de atividade física (NAF) foi avaliada com o índice Kappa ponderado (IKp). Resultados: Para medir o GE, o IPAQ mostrou uma validade "moderada" (CCI=0,434, IC95%=0,231-0,600; p<0,001) e o GPAQ "pobre" (CCI= 0,335, IC95%=0,123-0,519; p<0,001); para o TS, a validade de ambos os questionários foi "pobre" (IPAQ: CCI=0,234, IC95%=0,011-0,435, p<0,020; GPAQ: CCI=0,231, IC95%=0,009-0,432, p<0,021). Para classificar o NAF (baixo, moderado ou alto), ambos os questionários mostraram concordâncias "baixas" (IPAQ: IKp=0,298, p=0,001; GPAQ: IKp=0,137, p=0,119). A confiabilidade do GPAQ para avaliar o GE foi "boa/excelente" (CCI=0,838; IC95%=0,754-0,895; p<0,001) e do IPAQ foi "moderada" (CCI=0,655; IC95%=0,505-0,766; p<0,001). A confiabilidade para o TS foi "moderada" em ambos os instrumentos (IPAQ: CCI=0,716; IC95%=0,583-0,811; p<0,001; GPAQ: CCI=0,736; IC95%=0,613-0,824; p<0,001). Conclusões: Os questionários mostraram pouca validade para a medição do NAF e do TS. No entanto, ambos os instrumentos apresentaram boa confiabilidade para a mensuração das variáveis estudadas. O uso de questionários para a população estudada não é recomendado.

Physical activity patterns of college students of the University of Santo Tomas

OBJECTIVES@#This study examined the physical activity patterns of the University of Santo Tomas college students in Manila, Philippines in terms of participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity, frequency and duration of participation, METS-min/week, sitting habits and walking activities.@*METHODS@#A total of 551 males and 850 female college students (N=1401) from the University of Santo Tomas were randomly selected for the study. After anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI and Waist circumference) were taken, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form) was answered by the students.@*RESULTS@#A greater percentage of male college students engage in vigorous physical activity (66.97%) in terms of frequency per week (2.42 + 1.56 days), duration (119.52 + 70.70 minutes) and MET-min/week (2252.77 + 2789.81 METS). On the other hand, more female college students engage in moderate physical activity in terms of frequency per week (4.69 + 2.04 days). However, male college students who engage in moderate physical activity spend a longer duration (106.02 + 108.55 minutes) and higher METmin/week (1945.59 + 2721.02 METS) than their female counterpart.@*CONCLUSION@#It is important to engage in physical activity on a daily basis, with recommendations given by the American Heart Association and the World Health Organization. Appropriate physical activity assists young people to develop healthy musculoskeletal tissues, cardiovascular system, neuromuscular awareness and maintain a healthy body weight and composition. It has also been associated with psychological benefits in young people by improving control over anxiety and depression, good selfperception and expression, as well as avoidance of tobacco, alcohol and drug use.

The Effect of Social Media Health Education on Physical Activity among Saudi Adult Females Attending Ministry of Health Primary Health Care Centers of Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2018. (Interventional Study)

Background: The relationship between physical activity andbetter quality of life, and association between inactivity andvarious non-communicable diseases are well documented.The objective of present study was to describe pattern ofphysical activity in women attending primary health carecenters in Jeddah, and to evaluate the impact of utilizing socialmedia to encourage Physical Education in inactive women.Materials and Methods: Through a cross section studydesign, 310 attendants of the primary health care centers inJeddah were selected randomly to assess the pattern ofPhysical Education by using Global Physical ActivityQuestionnaire (GPAQ) version 2.0. Out of the detected inactivewomen, 35 were subjected to an intervention using socialmedia to encourage physical activity; the impact of interventionwas done using pre-post analysis.Results: Only 13(10.3%) of the respondents reported that theyexert vigorous activity at work, and a greater percentage167(55.5%) exerting moderate activity. Only one quarter of therespondents 73(24.3%) pointed 8 that they perform vigorousactivity in recreation and leisure time with average METs of(median, IQR: 1440: 960-2640). The overall energyexpenditure of active respondents accounted for and averageMETs of (median, IQR: 2640: 1440-5760). The number ofrespondents who had been categorized as being inactivewas 90 corresponding to 29.9% of the respondents. Afterintervention, 17(48.6%) of the originally inactive womenbecame active with a statistically significant increase inaverage METs which reached up to (median, IQR: 3100: 1380-5300) p< 0.05.Conclusion: The prevalence of inactivity of women isconsiderably high and accord similar studies in other settings,our trial in its current form using social media is effective inencouraging physical activity in physically inactive women.

Physical Activity Among Family Medicine Trainees in Makkah Almukarramah City, Saudi Arabia

Background: It is recognized that the health of physiciansdirectly impacts the health of the larger population, asnumerous studies have established a link between the healthbehaviors of physicians and their interactions with patients.Objectives: To assess physical activity practice among thefamily medicine trainees in Makkah AlMukarramah and itsassociation with various socio-demographic as well as toidentify the main barriers of being physically active from theparticipants’ prospective.Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented includedall family medicine trainees in Makkah AlMukarramah. Selfadministered questionnaire was used for data collection. Itconsisted of three parts: The first part contains questions aboutsocio-demographic characteristics of the participants. Thesecond part inquired about participants` physical activity. Theshort form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ) that provide common instrument to estimate the level ofphysical activity has been utilized in this regard. The third partof the questionnaire inquires about barriers for being physicallyactive (12 items) as well as reasons for being physically active(7 items).Results: The study included 60 family medicine trainees with aresponse rate of 98.4%. Their age ranged between 25 and 35years with a mean of 28.17 years and standard deviation of2.38 years. More than half of them (55%) were females. Mostof them (71.7%) were married. All were Saudis. According tothe he short form of the International Physical ActivityQuestionnaire (IPAQ), almost half (48.3%) of family medicinetrainees had low level of physical activity whereas 40% hadmoderate level of physical activity. Only 11.7% of themreported high level of physical activity. Regarding durationof sitting (minutes/day), slightly less than half of the familymedicine trainees (48.3%) reported sitting period more than360 minutes/day. High level of physical activity was reportedamong 14.8% of male family medicine trainees compared to9.1% of females. In addition, moderate level of physicalactivity was higher reported among males than females (59.3%versus 24.2%). This difference was statistically significant,p=0.007. Lack of time to exercise because of academic andwork responsibilities, less suitable places to exerciseparticularly, no exercise facilities at home and having otherrecreational activities to do with friends were the commonestreported barriers for being physically active.Conclusions: Almost half of family medicine trainees inMakkah had low level of physical activity. Males had significanthigher level of physical activity than females. Overcoming thebarriers together with consideration of family medicine trainees’suggestions may contribute to a further increase in the level ofphysical activity among them.

Validity And Reliability Of Physical Activity Scale For Elderly In Malay Language (PASE-M)

@#Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a simple, valid and reliable questionnaire that can be administered to quantify older adults’ physical activity levels during daily living. However, PASE in Malay language for use among older population is not available. The objective of our current study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Malay translated Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE-M) for the use among older adults. Objective results of physical activity were obtained by wearing continuously an accelerometer for one week among a population of older adults in Malaysia who speak Malay language. Participants completed PASE-M twice, on day-8 (PASE-M1) and day-15 (PASE-M2). Concurrent validity between PASE-M1 and accelerometer results was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Test-retest reliability for one week interval of PASE-M was tested using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Forty-four community-dwelling older adults (12 men and 32 women; mean age ± SD= 66.95 ± 5.34) participated in this study. However, only 33 participants (8 men and 25 women; mean age ± SD= 66.64 ± 5.51) were able to achieve the minimum accelerometer wearing time and filled up the PASE-M questionnaire for two times with one weeks interval. The results showed the PASE-M score was significantly correlated with vector magnitude (VM) counts (r=0.54, p<0.01), time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (r =0.55, p<0.01), energy expenditure (r =0.53, p<0.01) and walking steps (r=0.39, p<0.05). A high reliability (ICC = 0.96) was demonstrated between first and the subsequent administration of PASE-M (p<0.01, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98). The PASE-M is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess physical activity level for Malaysian community-dwelling older adults.

Psychometric properties of the Malay-translated General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire among shipyard workers

Background: The General Practice Physical ActivityQuestionnaire (GPPAQ) is a validated and reliable screeningtool to measure the level of physical activity in adults.However, it has never been translated and validated inMalaysian population. This study aimed to translate theGPPAQ into Malay language and to evaluate thepsychometric properties of the Malay-translated GPPAQamong shipyard workers.Methods: The original English version of GPPAQ wastranslated forward and backward into Malay version byexperts. The final version of the Malay-translated GPPAQwas then tested for validity and reliability. A cross-sectionalstudy design was performed and systematic randomsampling was used to select respondents. Construct validityand internal consistency of the Malay-translated versionwere tested using exploratory factor analysis andCronbach’s alpha respectively.Results: Sixty-two male shipyard workers participated inthis study. The GPPAQ showed good factor loading valuesfor all items (0.608-0.834). The exploratory principalcomponent factor analysis delineates all seven items intotwo factors with variance of 41.65%. The Cronbach’s alphavalue was good with 0.81, 0.84 and 0.76 for total scale, factor1 and factor 2 respectively.Conclusion: The Malay-translated version of GPPAQ hashigh psychometric properties. Therefore, it is a validinstrument to assess physical activity among Malaysianworking population, particularly in male shipyard workers.

Evaluation on validity and reliability of global physical activity questionnaire by using two methods for collecting data / 重庆医学

Objective To test the validity and reliability of global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) by using two methods for collecting data,and to evaluate the equality of two measure methods.Methods The physical activity (PA) in two hypertension groups was examined twice with GPAQ by using self-administered and interview methods respectively.The test-retest reliability coefficient and consistency coefficient were calculated based on the results of two groups.The criterion validity of GpAQ was assessed by adopting pedometer and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ).Results The intra-group relative coefficient detected by two methods had statistical difference in the aspects of,the vigorous PA (work),total moderate PA and total moderate-vigorous PA(P＜0.05).In the aspect of different grades of PA level measurement,theconsistency coefficients detected by two methods were 0.37 and 0.31 respectively;in the aspect of whether reaching recommended PA level in hypertensive patients,the consistency coefficients detected by two methods were 0.33 and 0.34 respectively.The relative coefficient detected by pedometer,IPAQ and GPAQ was 0.19-0.46.Conclusion GPAQ has good reliability and validity,is suitable to be popularized and applied in the group of chronic disease hypertension.The validity and reliability of GPAQ measured by the self-administered method are consistent to those measured by using the interview method,promptingthat the self-administered method may be used to measure PA status in population by GPAQ.

Evaluation on validity and reliability of global physical activity questionnaire by using two methods for collecting data / 重庆医学

Objective To test the validity and reliability of global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) by using two methods for collecting data,and to evaluate the equality of two measure methods.Methods The physical activity (PA) in two hypertension groups was examined twice with GPAQ by using self-administered and interview methods respectively.The test-retest reliability coefficient and consistency coefficient were calculated based on the results of two groups.The criterion validity of GpAQ was assessed by adopting pedometer and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ).Results The intra-group relative coefficient detected by two methods had statistical difference in the aspects of,the vigorous PA (work),total moderate PA and total moderate-vigorous PA(P＜0.05).In the aspect of different grades of PA level measurement,theconsistency coefficients detected by two methods were 0.37 and 0.31 respectively;in the aspect of whether reaching recommended PA level in hypertensive patients,the consistency coefficients detected by two methods were 0.33 and 0.34 respectively.The relative coefficient detected by pedometer,IPAQ and GPAQ was 0.19-0.46.Conclusion GPAQ has good reliability and validity,is suitable to be popularized and applied in the group of chronic disease hypertension.The validity and reliability of GPAQ measured by the self-administered method are consistent to those measured by using the interview method,promptingthat the self-administered method may be used to measure PA status in population by GPAQ.

Evaluation of functional capacity and level of physical activity in adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis / Avaliação da capacidade funcional e do nível de atividade física em pacientes adolescentes e adultos com fibrose cística

The objective of the present study was to compare the functional capacity and level of physical activity between adolescent and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy individuals. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to evaluate functional capacity and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ - long version) was applied to assess physical activity level. This study included 31 patients with CF (11 males and 20 females) and 31 healthy individuals. Patients with CF had significantly lower values of body mass index (BMI), pulmonary function parameters, physical activity level, six-minute walking distance (6MWD) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Comparing patients using a cut-off point of 500m, there were no significant differences in the classification of physical activity level assessed by the IPAQ questionnaire. Among patients with CF who walked less than 500m, there were significantly lower values of peak expiratory flow (PEF), PEF (%), SpO2 after 6MWT and distance walked in the 6MWD. It could be concluded that patients with CF practice physical activity at lower levels than healthy individuals, when compared by the IPAQ questionnaire.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a capacidade funcional e o nível de atividade física de pacientes adolescentes e adultos com fibrose cística (FC) e indivíduos sadios. Para a avaliação da capacidade funcional foi utilizado o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M) e para a verificação do nível de atividade física, foi utilizado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ ­ versão longa). Participaram do estudo 31 indivíduos com FC (11 do sexo masculino e 20 do sexo feminino) e 31 indivíduos sadios. Os pacientes com FC apresentaram valores significativamente mais baixos de índice de massa corporal (IMC), parâmetros de função pulmonar, nível de atividade física, distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2). Comparando os pacientes através ponto de corte 500m, não houve diferenças significativas na classificação do nível de atividade física avaliada pelo questionário. Nos pacientes com FC que caminharam abaixo de 500m, observaram-se valores significativamente menores de pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), PFE(%), SpO2 após TC6M e distância percorrida no teste de TC6M (DTC6M). Podemos concluir com este estudo que indivíduos com FC praticam atividade física com intensidades mais baixas que indivíduos sadios quando comparados pelo IPAQ.

Asociación entre actividad física y estrés psicológico percibido en adultos de Bucaramanga / Association between Physical Activity and Perceived Psychological Stress in Adults in Bucaramanga / Associação entre atividade física e estresse psicológico percebida em adultos de Bucaramanga

Introducción: El aumento de los niveles de estrés se convirtió en un problema para la salud de la población en general. Diferentes estudios demuestran que la realización de actividad física de manera regular disminuye la percepción de estrés psicológico en el individuo. Se sugiere que la relación entre actividad física y estrés psicológico percibido varía entre los dominios de la actividad física realizada y los diferentes grupos poblacionales. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre actividad física y estrés psicológico percibido en adultos residentes en barrios de estratos socioeconómicos 2 y 3 de Bucaramanga. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal en una población de 502 adultos residentes en la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Los participantes fueron entrevistados para obtener información acerca de la actividad física realizada y el nivel de estrés psicológico percibido. Además, se incluyeron en el estudio variables sociodemográficas y patrones de comportamiento. La información fue analizada mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado empleando modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y usando el programa STATA® 11.0. Resultados: Se determinó una asociación entre el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el puntaje de estrés psicológico percibido en los participantes (β = -1,90 IC 95 % -3,73 a -0,06; P = 0,043). Conclusiones: Cumplir con las recomendaciones de actividad física, se asoció con una disminución en el nivel de estrés psicológico en los participantes, quienes presentaron en promedio -1,9 puntos menos en el puntaje del PSS, que quienes no las cumplen.

Introduction: Increased stress levels became a problem for the general population's health. Research studies show that individuals engaging regular physical activity have a decreased perception of psychological stress. The relationship between physical activity and perceived psychological stress has been suggested to vary across domains of physical activity and across population groups. Objective: To establish the association between physical activity and perceived psychological stress in adults living in neighborhoods of the 2nd and 3rd socio-economic strata of Bucaramanga. Materials and methods: This observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 502 adult residents in the city of Bucaramanga. Individuals were interviewed to obtain information about physical activity and their level of perceived psychological stress. Data analysis will account for socio-demographic and behavior patterns using linear regression models, and it was performed in STATA® 11.0. Results: Meeting the physical activity recommendations was associated with a decrease in psychological stress levels in study participants (β = -1,90 IC 95 % -3,73 a -0,06; P = 0,043). Conclusions: Complying with the recommendations of physical activity was associated with a decrease in the psychological stress level in the participants, who had an average -1.9 points lower PSS score than those who do not comply.

Introdução: o aumento dos níveis de stress converteu-se em um problema para a saúde da população em geral. Diferentes estudos demonstrm que a realização de atividade física de maneira regular diminui a percepção de stress psicológico no indivíduo. Sugerese que a relação entre atividade física e stress psicológico percebido varia entre os domínios da atividade física realizada e os diferentes grupos populacionais. Objetivo: Estabelecer a associação entre atividade física e stress psicológico percebido em adultos residentes em bairros de estratos socioeconómicos 2 e 3 de Bucaramanga. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se um estudo observacional analítico de corte transversal, em uma população de 502 adultos residentes na cidade de Bucaramanga. Os participantes foram entrevistados para obter informações acerca da atividade física realizada e o nível de stress psicológico percebido. Além disso, incluíram-se no estudo variáveis sócio-demográficas e patrões de comportamento. A informação foi analisada mediante análise bivariada e multivariada empregando modelos de regressão lineal múltipla e, usando o programa STATA® 11.0. Resultados: se determinou uma associação entre o cumprimento das recomendações de atividade física da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e a pontuação de stress psicológico percebido nos participantes (β = -1,90 IC 95 % -3,73 a -0,06; P = 0,043). Conclusões: cumprir com as recomendações de atividade física, associou-se com uma diminuição no nível de stress psicológico nos participantes, quem apresentaram -1,9 pontos menos em média na pontuação do PSS, que quem não as cumprem.

Reliability and Validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) In Malay Language

​An Analysis of a Survey Questionnaire on health care workers’ knowledge and practices regarding of infection control and complains them to apply universal precautions. Health care workers are at substantial risk of acquiring blood borne pathogen infections through exposure to blood or other products of patients. To assess of infection control among health care workers in Sana'a healthcare centers, Yemen. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the health center to assess knowledge and practices regarding of infection control among 237 health workers in Sana,a city. A structured self-administered questionnaires were used and data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and the associations were tested with chi-square, with p-value of < 0.05. The health care workers in public centers ware (51.1%) and (48.9%) of them works in private centers. One hundred and seventeen (49.4%) respondents had poor infection control knowledge, 113 (43.5%) had fair knowledge, and 17 (7.2%) had good knowledge. The knowledge was significantly associated with type of center (P < 0.018), such that the public center had the highest proportion with poor knowledge. And nurses and midwife having the highest proportion with fair knowledge of infection control. Eight (3.4%) respondents had a poor practice of universal precautions, 93 (39.2%) had fair practice, and 136 (57.4%) good practice. The practice was significantly associated with the profession, level of education and work experience (P < 0.001), (P < 0.006), (P < 0.001) respectively, and nurses and midwives as the profession with the highest proportion with good practice. We conclude that the practices and knowledge of universal precautions were low and that's need for intensive programmes to educate health care workers on various aspects of standard precautions and infection control programmes and policies.

Valoración de la actividad física en adolescentes escolares por medio de cuestionario / Assessment of physical activity in adolescent students through questionnaire

Objectives: To compare parameters of physical activity (PA) among school age adolescents of both sexes and propose evaluation curves to estimate physical activity levels in students of an educational establishment of the Municipality of Talca, Chile. Subjects and methods: The type of study was descriptive-comparative. 1448 adolescent students (749 women and 699 men) from the municipal School of Excellence "Abate Molina" in Talca were studied. Age range was 12.0 to 18.9years. Physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire including 11 questions. The LMS method was used to estimate centiles valuation ranging from p3, p10, p25, p50, p75, p90 and p97. Results: The questionnaire showed a Cronbach's alpha of r = 0.82 in men and r = 0.79 in women. Males achieved a score of28.46 ± 6.88 and women 23.88 ± 5.69. The breakpoints adopted for levels of physical activity are:

Objetivos: Comparar los parámetros de actividad física (AF) de adolescentes escolares de ambos sexos y proponer curvas de valoración para estimar los niveles de actividad física de un establecimiento educativo de la red municipal de Talca. Sujetos y métodos: El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo-comparativo. Se estudiaron 1448 adolescentes escolares (749 mujeres y 699 hombres) del Colegio Municipalizado de Excelencia "Abate Molina" de la comuna de Talca (Chile). El rango de edad oscila entre 12,0-18,9 años. La actividad física (AF) se valoró por medio de un cuestionario que incluía 11 preguntas. Se aplicó el método LMS para estimar los centiles de valoración que van desde p3, p10, p25, p50, p75, p90 y p97. Resultados: El cuestionario mostró un alfa de Cronbach de r=0,82 en varones y de r=0,79 en mujeres. Los varones alcanzaron un puntaje de 28,46±6,88 y las mujeres de 23,88±5,69. Los puntos de corte adoptados para los niveles de actividad física fueron:

Avaliação do nível de atividade física em adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e sua correlação com variáveis metabólicas / Evaluation of the physical activity level of teenagers with tipe one diabetes mellitus and it's correlation with metabolic variables

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o nível de atividade física (NAF) praticado por adolescentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), e verificar a relação do nível atividade física praticado com o controle glicêmico, lipídico e dosagem de insulina desses pacientes. Este é um estudo observacional transversal, sendo as variáveis em análise de natureza quantitativa. Foi utilizado um instrumento de consulta, denominado Questionário de Atividade Física para Adolescentes (QAFA) e realizado um levantamento dos resultados de exames através de consulta aos prontuários. Foram analisados 33 pacientes divididos em grupo 1 (NAF < 300 minutos/semana) com 11 sujeitos e grupo 2 (NAF ≥ 300 minutos/semana) 22 sujeitos. Todos os pacientes estavam em uso de insulina e não houve diferença na dose diária entre os grupos. Em relação aos parâmetros glicêmicos e lipídicos observamos os seguintes valores (resultados expressos em média e desvio padrão): CT= 167,1 ­ DP=45,1; TG=90,1 ­ DP=72,4; HDL=54,2 ­ DP=13,5; VLDL=16,1 ­ DP=8,06; LDL=90,2 ­ DP=28,2; GJ= 207,4 ­ DP=118,7; GPP=268,9 ­ DP=156,3 (mg/dL); HbA1c= 9,61% - DP=1,99. Analisados os pacientes como um todo, houve correlação inversa e significante entre o NAF e as concentrações de VLDL e TG (P < 0,05). Nos pacientes com idade entre 12 e 14 anos observamos correlação inversa e significante entre o NAF e as variáveis VLDL, TG e HbA1c (P < 0,05). Concluímos que os indivíduos mais ativos apresentam as variáveis metabólicas com padrões mais próximos ao preconizado. Este resultado fornece evidências de que a realização de um programa de exercício é importante nesta fase do desenvolvimento, podendo influenciar os adolescentes na gestão da doença, mas que é necessário uma intervenção mais rigorosa, sistematizada e orientada por um profissional da área da educação física como coadjuvante ao tratamento medicamentoso e nutricional.

The objective of this study was to identify the physical activity level (PAL) practiced by teenagers with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, and observe relations between physical activity, glycemic control, lipidic concentrations and insulin daily dose. This is an observational, cross-sectional study and the variables are in quantitative analysis. We used a reference tool, called Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQA) and we conducted a survey of the results of examinations by medical records. We analyzed 33 patients divided into group 1 (PAL <300 minutes/week) with 11 subjects and group 2 (PAL ≥ 300 minutes /week) 22 subjects. All patients were using insulin and there was no difference in daily doses between groups. In relation to glycemic and lipidic parameters, it was observed the following values (results expressed as mean and standard deviation): CT= 167,1 ­ DP=45,1; TG=90,1 ­ DP=72,4; HDL=54,2 ­ DP=13,5; VLDL=16,1 ­ DP=8,06; LDL=90,2 ­ DP=28,2; GJ= 207,4 ­ DP=118,7; GPP=268,9 ­ DP=156,3 (mg/dL); HbA1c= 9,61% - DP=1,99. Analyzing patients as a whole, there was an inverse and significant correlation between the FAL and the concentrations of VLDL and TG (P < 0,05). We observed an inverse and significant correlation between the FAL and the variables of VLDL, TG and HbA1c (P < 0,05) in patients aged between 12 and 14 years. We conclude that the most active subject had lipidic variables closer to the recommended standards. This result provides evidences that the execution of an exercise program is important at this stage of development, and may influence adolescents in disease management, but it is necessary a more rigorous intervention and guided by a professional in the field of physical education as an adjunct to medication and nutrition.

Chinese guidelines for data processing and analysis concerning the International Physical Activity Questionnaire / 中华流行病学杂志

To introduce standard methods of scoring the data derived from both short and long form instruments of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).The introduction part consists of a set of domains which include the structure of questionnaire,principles of data cleaning,calculation methods and grouping rules.Through practical experience,a specific calculation process of IPAQ-long based on the standard methods was showed.

The psychometric evaluation of international physical activity questionnaire for patients with hypertension / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To test the reliability and validity of international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) in patients with hypertension.Methods It used international physical activity questionnaire and PA diary to evaluate the physical activity of patients with hypertension.Results The two re-test coefficients of IPAQ were related in hypertensive patients with different blood pressure level and physical activity.The energy consuming of different level of physical activity and total physical activity was correlated to each dimension of IPAQ.The first Spearman coefficient was 0.27～0.61,0.28～0.58 for the second time.Conclusions IPAQ had better reliability and validity,and could be used in hypertensive patients.

Effect of physical activity strength on the diabetes mellitus prevalence in the elderly under the in fleuce of International Physical Activity Questionnaire / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To examine the impact of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) physical activity intensity on to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Chinese elderly. Methods A total number of 1996 residents aged 50 or above living in Guangzhou city were recruited from the phase 3 of the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Information on physical activity and fasting plasma glucose status was derived from standardized interviews and laboratory assays. Results Among the participants who were classified as physically active (60.0%), moderate active (29.8%) and inactive (10.2%), the prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus were 9.1%, 12.0%and 14.2%,respectively. After adjustment on age, sex, obesity and other potential confounding factors, data from logistic regression model showed that the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes on subjects in physically moderate active and active group were 0.75 (0.46-1.26)and 0.60 (0.38-0.97) respectively with P for trend as 0.03, when comparing to those physically inactive ones. Conclusion Promotion of physical activity might have had some effects in reducing the risk of diabetes mellitus among the older adults.

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNIARE OF PROFESSIONALS IN CHINA / 营养学报

Objective: To design the “one-year physical activity questionnaire” used in 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. Methods: The intensity of each activity in the questionnaire was assessed from literature review and experts consultation. The energy intake was calculated from food frequency questionnaire for validation of the physical activity questionnaire. Results: The average daily energy expenditure per capita estimated from the questionnaire was 11.6MJ (male 11.9MJ, female 11.2MJ). The average physical activity level (PAL) was 1.95 (male 1.88, female 2.02). There was significant correlation between energy expenditure and energy intake (r = 0.13, P