Caracterización físico-química y actividad antimicrobiana de la secreción mucosa de Achatina fulica / Mother-infant bonding disorders: prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic criteria and assessment strategies

Introducción: El caracol gigante africano Achatina fulica es reconocido como una plaga que afecta la biodiversidad, la Salud Pública y la productividad. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que su secreción mucosa tiene propiedades cosméticas, cicatrizantes y antimicrobianas. Objetivo: Determinar las características físico-químicas y evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de la secreción mucosa de Achatina fulica. Metodología: Se hicieron pruebas bioquímicas para la determinación cualitativa y cuantitativa de glúcidos, proteínas y lípidos. Se determinó el contenido de Calcio, Potasio, cloruros, Sodio y Magnesio. Se midieron los parámetros de conductividad eléctrica, potencial óxido-reducción, saturación de oxígeno, oxígeno total disuelto, pH, sólidos disueltos totales. Se realizó un ensayo de actividad antibacteriana por la técnica de microdilución en caldo. Resultados: Se encontraron glúcidos en concentraciones de 582 μg/mL en la fracción soluble y de 62.1 μg/mL en la fracción de mucinas, y proteínas en concentraciones de 836 μg/mL en la fracción soluble y de 1413 μg/mL en la fracción de mucinas. Se observó actividad antimicrobiana frente a las tres cepas ensayadas. Streptococcus agalactiae alcanzó un MIC90 a una concentración de 3,6 mg/mL con la fracción de mucinas; Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina tuvo un MIC50 de 3,3 mg/mL y Escherichia coli un MIC 70 de 3.8 mg/mL. Conclusiones: Se reportan por primera vez las características físicas y los oligoelementos presente en la secreción de Achatina fulica. La actividad antibacteriana obtenida frente a cepas Gram positivas y Gram negativas plantea la necesidad de realizar estudios para purificar las moléculas con dicha actividad, conocer los mecanismos de acción y establecer la inocuidad, entre otros.

Introduction: The giant African snail Achatina fulica is recognized as a scourge affecting biodiversity, public health and productivity. However, it has been shown that the mucus has cosmetic, healing and antimicrobial properties. Objective: Determine physico-chemical characteristics and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the mucus. Methodology: Qualitative and quantitative determinations of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids were made by biochemical tests. Using multiparameter meter parameters of electrical conductivity, redox potential, oxygen saturation, the total dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids were measured. Content of Calcium, Potassium, chloride, Sodium and Magnesium was determined. Antibacterial activity assay was performed by broth microdilution method against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Results: Carbohydrates were found in concentrations of 582 μg/mL in soluble fraction and 62.1 μg/mL in mucin fraction, and protein concentration of 836 μg/mL in the soluble fraction and 1413 μg/mL in mucin fraction. Antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against the three strains tested. Streptococcus agalactiae reached MIC90 at a concentration of 3.6 μg/mL with mucin fraction; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus had a MIC50 of 3.3 mg / mL and Escherichia coli had a MIC70 of 3.8 mg / mL. Conclusions: This is the first report of the physical and trace elements in the secretion of Achatina fulica. The antibacterial activity obtained against Gram positive and Gram negative strains raises the need for studies to purify the molecules with such activity, understanding the mechanisms of action and establish the safety, among others.

Elaboração e avaliação físico-química de farinha de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) enriquecida com junça (Cyperus esculentus)

A mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) e a junça (Cyperus esculentus) são excelentes fontes de energia alimentar, principalmente a junça, que é uma erva daninha que ocorre em arroizais. Aproveitou-se a junça, que em muitas culturas de arroz é vítima de herbicidas, para enriquecer a farinha de mandioca originando um alimento energético, ou complemento alimentar, rico, principalmente, em proteínas, lipídios e carboidratos quando comparados à literatura e legislação vigente (Portaria 554/95 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento), uma vez que a farinha não enriquecida apresenta concentrações irrisórias dos mesmos. Quanto aos parâmetros: cinza, amido, umidade e acidez, estes se enquadraram nos valores estabelecidos pela Portaria 554/95.

The manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the junça (Cyperus esculentus) they are excellent sources of energy alimentary, mainly the junça, that is a harmful herb that happens in arroizais. It's took advantage the junça, that in many cultures of rice are herbicidas victim, to enrich the manioc flour originating an energy food, or I complement to feed, rich, mainly, in proteins, lipids, and carbohydrate when compared to the literature and effective legislation (Entrance 554/95 of the Ministry of the Agriculture, Livestock and Provisioning), once the flour not enriched it presents insignificant concentrations of the same ones. The parameters: ash, starch, humidity and acidity, these they were framed in the established values by the Ordinance 554/95.

Purification and part of physico-chemical characterization as well as biological activity for immuno-globulin ribonucleic acid of anti-rabies / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To explore the preparation of specific immune RMA(iRNA) on anti-rabies and further study immunotherapy of rabies virus exposure. Methods Horses were immunized with the rabi-es virus and their livers were isolated from the horse of antiserum, from which total RNA was extracted and purified by sodium lauryisulfonate, phenol, chloroform, ethyiene glycol monomethyl ether, cetyltrimethyam-moniumbromide and alcohol. Results Pure preparation physico-chemical characterization was analyzed, and it's weight was 0.15% of weight of liver. The RNA contained 2.86% DNA and 1.16% protein. The iRNA with a maximum UV absorbance at 258 nm and A_(258/280) about 2.0. The test of RNA was positive, which had a relative molecular mas of 13.7×10~3 by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and its hy-perchromic effect was 50.67%. The vesults of biological activity was showed that the rate of leucocyte adher-ence inhibition(LAI) was 41.73%, The protective rate was 50% and prolonging the life was 31.62%. Conclusion The results obtained with the practical value were identical and provide a basis on medicines of anti-rabies.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE (ENDOTOXIN) FROM BACTER10DES FRAGILIS NCTC 9343 / 第二军医大学学报

0), 3-hydroxy-15-methyl-hexadecanoic (3-OH-l5-Me-l6 : 0) and 13-methyl-tetradecanoic acid(13-Me-14 s 0).Approximately one mole of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-mannooctonate was detected after treatment of LPS with 48% hydrofluoric acid, indicating it was present as a phosphorylated molecule.