Citotoxicidade e efeito indutor de mineralização de flavonoides sobre células osteoblásticas / Cytotoxicity and inducing effect of mineralization of flavonoids on osteoblastic cells

A perda óssea dentária e a formação de lesões periapicais surgem como uma consequênc ia do desequilíbrio da homeostase óssea. Os osteoblastos, juntamente com os osteoclastos e osteócitos, atuam na formação e na reabsorção óssea. Vários marcadores de formação óssea são produzidos por osteoblastos ativos e refletem diferentes aspectos da dif erenciação osteoblástica e da remodelação óssea. Com isso, muitos autores têm explorado o uso de fitoterápicos, visando obter novos compostos que apresentem propriedades terapêuticas, como os flavonoides, e que estimulem a neoformação óssea e o reparo da r egião periapical. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a citotoxicidade e efeito indutor de mineralização de flavonoides sobre células osteoblásticas humanas. Para isso, células osteoblásticas da linhagem Saos expostas aos seguintes flavono2 foram ides: quercetina, miricetina e seus derivados taxifolina, isoquercitrina, rutina, ampelopsina e EGCG, além de pinocembrina, crisina e canferol, de forma isolada e combinada. Foi avaliado o efeito citotóxico, a atividade de fosfatase alcalina e indução de n mé todo de Shapiroódulos de mineralização. Os resultados foram analisados p elo Wilk, e as variáveis foram submetidas à análise de ANOVA seguida pelo teste de Tukey para comparar entre os grupos e/ou concentrações ou teste de Dunnett para comparar entre cada grupo e o controle, com nível de significância de 5%. A viabilidade da cultura de osteoblastos não teve uma redução estatisticamente significativa na presença da maioria dos compostos, exceto crisina a 100µM. Taxifolina, isoquercitrina, rutina, ampelopsina e EGCG foram os compostos que estimularam significativamente a atividade da fosfatase alcalina, juntamente com as combinações taxifolina+isoquercitrina, taxifolina+ampelopsina e taxifolina+rutina a 25/25 µM. Quanto a formação de nódulos de mine ralização, ampelopsina, isoquercitrina, rutina, pinocembrina e miricetina isolados e taxifolina+isoquercitrina, taxifolina+ampelopsina e taxifolina+rutina combinados obtiveram os melhores resultados, variando de acordo com as concentrações. Concluise que a taxifolina, isoquercitrina, rutina e ampelopsina e combinações de taxifolina com esses flavonoides são citocompatíveis e apresentam efeito indutor de mineralização em osteoblastos Saos-2(AU)

Dental bone loss and the formation of periapical lesions arise as a consequence of imbalance of bone homeostasis. Osteoblasts, together with osteoclasts and osteocytes, act in bone formation and resorption. Several markers of bone formation are produced by active osteoblasts and reflect different aspects of osteoblastic differentiation and bone remodeling. Thus, many authors have explored the use of phytotherapics in order to obtain new compounds with therapeutic properties, such as flavonoids, and also stimulate bone neoformation and periapical region repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity and inducing effect of flavonoid mineralization on human osteoblastic cells. For this, osteoblastic cells of the Saos-2 lineage were exposed to the following flavonoids: quercetin, myricetin and its derivatives taxifoline, isoquercitrin, rutin, ampelopsin and EGCG, in addition to pinocembrin, chrysin and kaempferol, in an isolated and combined manner. The cytotoxic effect, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the induction of mineralization nodules were evaluated. The results were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk method, and the variables were submitted to ANOVA analysis followed by the Tukey test to compare between groups and/or concentrations or Dunnett's test to compare between each group and the control, with a level of 5% significance. The viability of the osteoblast culture did not have a statistically significant reduction in the presence of most compounds, except 100 µM chrysin. Taxifoline, isoquercitrin, rutin, ampelopsin and EGCG were the compounds that significantly stimulated the activity of alkaline phosphatase, together with the combinations taxifoline+isoquercitrin, taxifoline+ampelopsin and taxifoline+rutin at 25/25 µM. As for the formation of mineralization nodules, ampelopsin, isoquercitrin, rutin, pinocembrin and myricetin alone and taxifoline+isoquercitrin, taxifoline+ampelopsin and taxifoline+rutin combined obtained the best results, varying according to the concentrations. It is concluded that taxifoline, isoquercitrin, rutin and ampelopsin and combinations of taxifolin with these flavonoids are cytocompatible and have a mineralization-inducing effect on Saos-2 osteoblasts(AU)

Prevalence of calcified triticeous cartilage-compatible images on 2500 digital panoramic radiographs of a Brazilian population sample / Prevalência de imagens compatíveis com calcificação da cartilagem tritícea em 2500 radiografias panorâmicas de uma amostra populacional brasileira

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of calcified triticeous cartilage (CTC)-compatible images on digital panoramic radiographs of a significant Brazilian population sample. Methods: In this retrospective study, 2500 digital panoramic radiographs were analyzed by a trained examiner using contrast and brightness adjustments of the Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2015 software. Data were collected and exported for statistical analysis (p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results: The prevalence of CTC-compatible images was 4.5% (61.1% in women and 38.9% in men). The most prevalent age ranged between 51 and 60 years (32.7%), and bilateral occurrence had a higher prevalence (46.9%). Women between the ages of 61 and 70 years showed a significantly higher prevalence of CTC-compatible images (p=0.027). Conclusion: This study showed a low prevalence of CTC-compatible images, which mainly occurred in women close to 70 years of age.

Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de imagens compatíveis com calcificação da cartilagem tritícea (CCT) em radiografias panorâmicas digitais de uma significante amostra populacional brasileira. Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo, 2500 radiografias panorâmicas digitais foram analisadas por um examinador treinado utilizando ajustes de contraste e brilho através do software Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2015. Os dados foram coletados e exportados para análise estatística (p<0,05 foi considerado como valor estatisticamente significante). Resultados: A prevalência de imagens compatíveis com CCT foi de 4,5% (61.1% em mulheres e 38.9% em homens). A idade mais prevalente variou entre 51 e 60 anos (32,7%), sendo a ocorrência bilateral a mais comum (46,9%). Mulheres com idade entre 61 e 70 anos apresentaram prevalência significativamente maior de imagens compatíveis com CCT (p=0,027). Conclusão: O presente estudo evidenciou uma baixa prevalência de imagens compatíveis com CCT, que ocorreram, principalmente, em mulheres com idade próxima aos 70 anos.

Increased osteoinductivity and mineralization by minimal concentration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 loaded onto biphasic calcium phosphate in a rabbit sinus

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a minimal concentration of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in terms of quantitative and qualitative analyses of newly formed bone in a rabbit maxillary sinus model. METHODS: In 7 rabbits, sinus windows were prepared bilaterally. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) loaded with 0.05 mg/mL BMP-2 was grafted into one sinus (the BMP group) and saline-soaked BCP was placed into the other (the control group) in each animal. The animals were allowed an 8-week healing period before being sacrificed. Specimens including the augmented area and surrounding tissues were then removed and evaluated both radiographically and histologically. RESULTS: There was a difference in the mineralization of new bone between the groups. In the BMP group, the greater part of the new bone consisted of mature lamellar bone with an evident trabecular pattern, whereas the control group showed mostly woven bone, consisting only partially of lamellar bone. Histometrically, the area of new bone was significantly greater (4.55±1.35 mm2 vs. 2.99±0.86 mm2) in the BMP group than in the control group (P<0.05); however, the total augmentation volumes were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it can be suggested that a minimal concentration of BMP-2 (0.05 mg/mL) had an osteoinductive effect with accelerated mineralization in a rabbit sinus model using a BCP carrier.

Estudo de calcificações em tecidos moles em exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico e radiografia panorâmica digital / Differentiating soft tissue calcifications in CBCT and panoramic images

A maioria das calcificações em tecidos moles na região de cabeça e pescoço são achados radiográficos incidentais. Com o crescente uso da Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico na Odontologia (TCFC) há um aumento do número desses achados, visto que o exame permite a visualização das estruturas em três dimensões. Esse estudo estabeleceu uma metodologia para identificar algumas dessas calcificações. Um observador calibrado analisou 100 exames de TCFC e as respectivas panorâmicas, quanto à presença de Ossificação do Complexo Estilo-Hióideo (OCEH), tonsilólitos e ateromas. Adicionalmente os processos estilóides foram mensurados. As correlações para as radiografias panorâmicas foram estatisticamente significante entre idade e comprimento do processo estilóide. As correlações para os exames de TCFC foram estatisticamente significantes entre idade e tonsilólitos, idade e o comprimento do processo estilóide e idade e ateromas. Houve diferença estatística significante (Wilcoxon p<0,05) entre os exames de TCFC e panorâmicas quanto à presença de tonsilólitos, presença de OCEH e para as mensurações dos processos estilóides. Foi detectada maior quantidade de calcificações em tecidos moles nos exames de TCFC. A identificação das calcificações em tecidos moles é importante no diagnóstico diferencial de muitas patologias incluindo os flebólitos. Portanto o profissional deve ficar atento a correta interpretação dessas estruturas, buscando evitar erros e omissões, para que possa oferecer ao paciente opção correta de tratamento se for necessário.

The most common soft tissue calcifications in head and neck region are incidental findings in radiographic images. The use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Dentistry, has increased these incidental findings mainly, because CBCT allows a third dimension view. The goal of this study was to differentiate the styloid chain ossification (SHCO), tonsilloliths and calcified atheromas. Based on a specific methodology, one calibrated observer analysed 100 panoramic and CBCT exams from the same patients regarding these alterations. Afterwards, the styloid process was measured at the same exams. The correlations tests for the panoramic exams were statistically significant between age and styloid process length. The correlations tests for CBCT exams were statistically significant between age and tonsilloliths, age and styloid process length and age and calcified atheromas. There was a difference statistically significant (Wilcoxon p<0.05) between CBCT and panoramic exams regarding: presence of tonsillolith, presence of SHCO and styloid process length. It was detected more quantity of soft tissues calcifications in CBCT exams. The identification of soft tissues calcifications is important for the differential diagnoses of many pathologies including phlebolits. Therefore the professional should be able to do a correct image interpretation in some cases in order to avoid mistakes and offer the patient a treatment if is necessary.

Mineralization and related differential phenotype of cultured human dental papilla cells / 实用口腔医学杂志

砄bjective: To study the mineralization and related differential phenotype of human dental papilla cells in vitro . Methods: Human dental papilla cells were primarily cultured with explant technique, the cells of third passage were incubated for a long term in the presence of 10 mmol/L ? glycerophosphate(? GP)and 50 ?g/ml of ascorbic acid (L AA) in DMEM containing 5% FBS. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin(OC) were measured at different culture time. Cell growth was observed under inverted microscope and mineralization was tested with Von Kossa stainning. Results: Cultured papilla cells were growing in multilayer. Cells exposed to ? GP and L AA exhibited higher ALP activity in 14 days and increased OC in 21 days with certain amount of secreted matrix. After 35 days of culture, mineralized tubercles were formed. ALP activity and synthesized OC began to decrease after 42 days of culture. Conclusion: Human dental papilla cells may show odontoblast phenotype in vitro .