Behavioral Risk Factors of HBV Infection and its Association with HBs Ag Positivity among Residents of Kaza Sub- division of District Lahaul & Spiti in Himachal Pradesh

Background: Chronic viral hepatitis is a major global public health problem, an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We conducted this study to evaluate the behavioral risk factors of HBV infection and its association with HBsAg positivity among residents of Kaza sub-division of district Lahaul & Spiti in Himachal Pradesh. Material & Methods: The study was carried out by the Gastroenterology, Community Medicine, and Microbiology Department at Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla at Kaza, a subdivision of Lahaul & Spiti. The cluster sampling technique was used to get the desired sample size of 4000. Forty clusters were chosen using a probability proportionate to size sampling method, and 100 research participants were added to each cluster using a simple random sampling method. The data was gathered using a pre-tested interview plan. A blood sample of 5ml from each study participant was obtained, and its HBsAg content was examined. Results: In our study, 2.7% of the interviewed respondents’ parents were positive for hepatitis B and 3.7% reported one positive family member. Injectable drug use was reported by 1.6 (68/4231). Among these users 8.8% (6/68) shared needles with other IDUs in last 12 months and 35.3% (24/68) used a common container to draw up drug solution. Sexual intercourse was reported to be experienced by 15.5 (655/4231) and 12.2% either did not disclose or were children. Out of those who ever experienced sexual/penetrative intercourse 38.3% (251/655) had reported it with someone else other than a spouse. Majority of these had two partners other than a spouse (30.3%; 76/251). Around 30% (195/655) reported of using a condom in their last intercourse. Body piercings or a tattoo from someone who doesn’t sterilize his or her equipment, including local treatment from lamas, was prevalent among 16.3% of the population (689/4231). Acupuncture was taken as a remedy for any medical condition by 9% of participants. Regression analysis also revealed that one infected family member emerged as an independent factor associated with HBsAg positive test after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion: Our study provided much important information concerning hepatitis B risk factors in this tribal group. Health education about behavioral risk factors among this tribal population should be the main intervention that might help limit the spread of these blood-borne infections.

Importance of the use of pre- and intra-operative imaging as a tool for planning foreign body removal in the floor of the mouth: a case report / Importancia del uso de la imagenología pre e intraoperatoria como herramienta para la planificación de remoción de cuerpo extraño en piso de boca: presentación de un caso

Introduction: Body piercings consist of small holes made with a needle in different parts of the skin or body to introduce a jewel or decorative element. In the oral cavity, most piercings are placed in the tongue. However, some complications may occur, and surgical techniques must be used for their removal. These complications present a certain degree of difficulty due to their position and may challenge the ability of the clinician to access the specific anatomical location. The different imaging techniques, from simple radiography to intraoperative techniques such as image intensifiers, have become an extremely useful tool for locating an object in the three dimensions of space, allowing safe location and extraction. Objective: The aim of this study is to report the case of a complication of a body piercing in the oral cavity and how the use of imaging was decisive for surgical planning and for the quick and effective resolution of the case. Material and Methods: A 14-year-old female patient came looking for treatment. Her mother reported the onset of the condition after the insertion of a needle-like metallic object while performing an artistic perforation in the lingual region. Since the girl was unable to extract the object, she sought medical advice at the Carlos Arvelo Military Hospital in Caracas, Venezuela. Subsequently, an imaging study was performed by means of a Computed Tomography to locate the metallic object. It was observed that the foreign body had migrated to the floor of the mouth/sublingual region, requiring the area to be surgically approached. It was also decided to use an intraoperative image intensifier. The removal of the object was performed satisfactorily. Conclusion: The extraction of foreign bodies placed in the lingual and sublingual region represents a challenge for the clinician due to the number of important anatomical structures that pass through that area. This makes clinicians plan their surgical removal using pre- and intraoperative imaging, to find a less traumatic location, reduce surgical time as well as the risk of damaging adjacent anatomical structures.

Introducción: Los body piercings consisten en producir perforaciones con una aguja en diferentes localizaciones de la piel con el fin de introducir una joya o elemento decorativo a través del agujero producido previamente. En la cavidad oral, la lengua es el sitio de mayor elección; sin embargo, en ciertas ocasiones suelen presentarse ciertas complicaciones, por lo cual se debe recurrir a técnicas quirúrgicas para su remoción presentando cierto grado de dificultad para su localización y la capacidad del clínico para acceder al espacio anatómico. Las diferentes técnicas imagenológicas desde una radiografía simple hasta técnicas intraoperatorias como los intensificadores de imágenes se han convertido en una herramienta sumamente útil para la ubicación de un objeto en las tres dimensiones del espacio, permitiendo una localización y extracción segura para el clínico y el paciente. Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es reportar un caso de una complicación de esta práctica en la región bucal y cómo el uso de la imagenología fue determinante para la planificación quirúrgica y la resolución del caso de manera rápida y efectiva. Material y Métodos: Se presenta a consulta una paciente femenina de 14 años de edad, quien madre refiere inicio de enfermedad actual posterior a introducirse objeto metálico tipo aguja de compás con la finalidad de realizar perforación artística en región lingual, al no poder extraer dicho objeto, acude a evaluación en el Hospital Militar Carlos arvelo de Caracas; posterior se realiza estudio imagenológico tipo Tomografía Computarizada para la ubicación del objeto metálico donde se observa que el cuerpo extraño habría migrado hacia el piso de boca/región sublingual, teniendo la necesidad de abordar quirúrgicamente la zona y elegir el uso de intensificador de imagen transoperatorio para retiro del mismo el cual se dio de manera satisfactoria. Conclusión: Los cuerpos extraños desplazados a la región lingual y sublingual representan un desafío para el clínico al momento de extraerlos, esto se debe a la cantidad de estructuras anatómicas importantes que pasan por dicha zona, lo que hace que el clínico opte en su planificación quirúrgica por el uso de imagenología pre y transoperatoria obteniendo así una localización menos traumática, menor tiempo operatorio y menor riesgo de lesión de estructuras anatómicas adyacentes.

Complexo de perfuração: uma interpretação a partir da teoria da sedução generalizada / Piercing complex: an interpretation based on the theory of generalized seduction / Complexe de perforation: une interprétation de la théorie de la séduction généralisée / Complejo de perforación: una interpretación a partir de la teoría de la seducción generalizada

Abordamos o complexo de perfuração via teoria da sedução generalizada, focando na chamada "sexualidade orificial" e nas fantasias parentais, sobretudo a de arrombamentos dos orifícios, que acabam inoculando na criança o medo de perfuração. Consideramos que o medo da perfuração remete à realidade da mensagem (vinda do adulto) e incita a criança a traduzir o corpo estranho interno que é propriamente intrometido nela, a saber, a excitação do sexual. E é nessa penetração originária (da mensagem do outro) que localizamos a mudança no vetor de explicação do medo paralisante presente no complexo de perfuração, que no pensamento bonaparteano sai da reação protocelular.

We approach the piercing complex based on the theory of generalized seduction, with a focus on the so-called "orificial sexuality" and on parental fantasies, especially the piercing of the orifices, which eventually inoculate the fear of perforation in the child. We believe that the fear of piercing refers to the reality of the message (coming from the adult) and urges the child to translate the internal foreign body that is actually introduced into it, namely sexual stimulation. It is in this original penetration (of the message of the other) that we locate the change in the vector of explanation of the paralyzing fear found in the piercing complex, which according to Bonapartean thinking stems from a protocellular reaction.

Nous abordons le complexe de la perforation à travers la théorie de la séduction généralisée en focalisant notre intérêt sur la sexualité dite orificielle et les fantasmes parentaux, en particulier les effractions des orifices, qui finissent par inoculer la peur de la perforation à l'enfant. Nous soutenons que la peur de la perforation fait référence à la réalité du message (émanant de l'adulte) et incite l'enfant à traduire le corps étranger interne qui est proprement intromis en elle, à savoir l'excitation sexuelle. Et c'est dans cette pénétration originale (du message de l'autre) que nous localisons un changement du vecteur d'explication de la peur paralysante présente dans le complexe de perforation qui, selon la pensée bonapartéenne, provient de la réaction protocellulaire.

Abordamos el complejo de perforación a través de la teoría de la seducción generalizada, enfocándonos en la llamada sexualidad de los orificios y en las fantasías parentales, sobre todo en la de el allanamiento de los orificios, que acaban inoculando en el niño el miedo de la perforación. Consideramos que el temor de la perforación remite a la realidad del mensaje (venida del adulto) e incita al niño a traducir el cuerpo extraño interno, que es propiamente entrometido en él, a saber, la excitación del sexual. Y es en dicha penetración originaria (del mensaje del otro) donde encontramos el cambio en el vector de explicación del miedo paralizante presente en el complejo de perforación, que en el pensamiento bonaparteano sale de la reacción de una protocélula.

Dieser Artikel analysiert den Perforationskomplexes anhand der allgemeinen Verführungstheorie. Dabei werden die auf die Körperöffnungen bezogene Sexualität und die Urfantasien behandelt, vor allem in Hinsicht auf dem Bohren von Öffnungen, was dazu führt, dass das Kind die Perforationsangst verinnerlicht. Es wird angenommen, dass die Perforationsangst ein Verweis ist auf die Realität der Botschaft (vom Erwachsenen), was das Kind dazu antreibt, den internalisierten Fremdkörper, der in ihm eingeführt wird, zu übersetzen, und zwar als Erregung des Sexuellen. In diesem ursprünglichen Eindringen (der Botschaft des Anderen) finden wir die Änderung des Erklärungsmuster der im Perforationskomplex bestehenden lähmenden Angst, welche gemäß der Theorie von Marie Bonaparte von einer protoplasmatischen Reaktion hervorgerufen wird.

Infected transcartilaginous ear piercings. A case report and review of the literature / Pericondritis del pabellón auricular por piercings. Reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura

Background: transcartilaginous perforations have become a prominent practice among adolescents and young adults in recent years,which are associated with an increased risk of complications since it is frequently performed without sterile technique and by unqualified individuals. The transgression of the integrity of the skin and cartilage of the ear favors infections such as cellulitis, chondritis, perichondritis or abscesses that can cause serious deformities. Methods: we present a clinical case compatible with a perichondritis secondary to ear perforations with three abscesses. Results: the three abscesses were drained with sterile technique and successfully managed with outpatient antibiotic treatment. In relation to the pathophysiology, the trauma in the auditory pavilion produces the extraction of the adjacent perichondrium, causing devascularization of the cartilage and microfractures, which together with the transgression of the skin, increase the susceptibility to infection. In addition, subpericardial bleeding and inflammatory reaction decrease the blood supply, which limits the immune response and the effectiveness of antibiotics. In some cases, incision and drainage are required. The signs of perichondritis include pain, swelling, and erythema of the skin. Clinically, perichondritis can be differentiated from cellulitis of the pinna, in that the first usually does not involve the earlobe. The fluctuating swelling leads us to an abscess. Conclusions: the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics should be immediately administered and include coverage for Pseudomonas aeruginosa since it is responsible for the majority of post-perforation cartilage infections (up to 95 percent of cases). Due to the increase of post-perforation infectious complications, all physicians should be familiar with its diagnosis and treatment.(AU)

Antecedentes: las perforaciones transcartilaginosas se han convertido en una práctica destacada entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes en los últimos años, que están asociados con un mayor riesgo de complicaciones, ya que se realiza con frecuencia sin técnica estéril y sin calificación individuos. La transgresión de la integridad de la piel y el cartílago del oído favorece infecciones como la celulitis, la condritis, la pericondritis o los abscesos que pueden causar graves deformidades. Métodos: presentamos un caso clínico compatible con una pericondritis secundaria a las perforaciones del oído con tres abscesos. Resultados: los tres abscesos se drenaron con técnica estéril y se manejaron con éxito con tratamiento antibiótico ambulatorio. En relación con la fisiopatología, el trauma en el pabellón auditivo produce la extracción. del pericondrio adyacente, causando la desvascularización del cartílago y las microfracturas, que junto con la transgresión de la piel, aumenta la susceptibilidad a la infección. Además, el sangrado subpericárdico y la reacción inflamatoria disminuyen la sangre. suministro, lo que limita la respuesta inmune y la efectividad de los antibióticos. En algunos casos, se requiere incisión y drenaje. los Los signos de pericondritis incluyen dolor, hinchazón y eritema de la piel. Clínicamente, la pericondritis puede diferenciarse de la celulitis de el pinna, ya que el primero generalmente no involucra el lóbulo de la oreja. La hinchazón fluctuante nos lleva a un absceso. Conclusiones: la administración de antibióticos de amplio espectro debe administrarse inmediatamente e incluir cobertura para Pseudomonas aeruginosa desde Es responsable de la mayoría de las infecciones de cartílago posteriores a la perforación (hasta el 95 por ciento de los casos). Debido al aumento de post-perforación complicaciones infecciosas, todos los médicos deben estar familiarizados con su diagnóstico y tratamiento...(AU)

Genital myiasis associated with genital piercing. Case report

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Myiasis is caused by larval infestation that usually occurs in exposed wounds. Dermatobia hominis is the most common fly species responsible for this parasitic infection. Genital piercing is an ornamental practice used in certain social circles. At placement, it transverses the skin surface and, as such, may be related to complications. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 31-year-old man with a history of wound infection secondary to genital piercing who was exposed to an environment with flies, leading to myiasis. Mechanical removal and systemic antiparasitic drugs are possible treatments for myiasis. However, prevention that includes wound cleaning and dressing is the best way to avoid this disease. CONCLUSIONS: Genital piercing can lead to potential complications and myiasis may occur when skin lesions are not properly treated.

Riscos e complicações do uso de piercing oral: uma revisão sistemática / Risks and complications of the use of oral piercing: a systematic review

Introdução: O uso de piercing oral tem despertado o interesse dos profissionais da Odontologia devido à associação com diversas complicações locais e sistêmicas. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre riscos e complicações associadas ao uso de piercings orais e periorais. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Google acadêmico e LILACS utilizando-se os seguintes critérios: artigos publicados na íntegra, no período de 2000 a 2016, em inglês, português e espanhol, case report, classical articles e reviews sobre o tema utilizando os seguintes descritores: body piercing, risks management, complications, risk e seus mesh terms. Resultados: Foram incluídos um total de 39 artigos relevantes que cumpriam com todos os critérios. Foi observado que os locais mais frequentemente utilizados para a colocação de piercing oral são os lábios e a língua. As complicações incluem inflamação, infecções locais e sistêmicas, lesões mucocutâneas, lesões vasculares, trauma dental, problemas periodontais, reações de hipersensibilidade, disfonia, deglutição e aspiração do piercing, e até morte etc. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o cirurgião dentista deve exercer um papel importante na orientação da população em geral sobre os riscos e as complicações associadas ao uso de piercing oral, visando evitar tal prática ou minimizar ao máximo os riscos e as complicações naqueles indivíduos que os possuem. (AU)

Introduction: The use of oral piercing has aroused the interest of dental professionals because of its association with various local and systemic complications. Objective: This study aimed to perform a systematic review on risks and complications associated with the use of oral and perioral piercings. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, Google Scholar and LILACS databases using the following criteria: articles published in full text, from 2000 to 2016 in English, Portuguese and Spanish, case reports, classic articles and reviews about the topic using the following descriptors: body piercing, risk management, complications, risk and their mesh terms. Results: 39 relevant articles that fulfilled all the criteria were included. It has been observed that the most frequently used sites for an oral piercing placement are the lip followed by the tongue. The complications included inflammation, local and systemic infections, mucocutaneous lesions, vascular lesions, dental trauma, periodontal problems, hypersensitivity reactions, dysphonia, swallowing and aspiration of the piercing, and even death etc. Conclusion: Its was conclude that the dentist can play an important role in guiding the population about the risks and complications associated with the use of oral piercing, aiming to avoid such practice or minimizing the maximum the risk and complications in those individuals who possess them. (AU)

Las fístulas arteriovenosas traumáticas / Traumatic arteriovenous fistula

La fístula arteriovenosa, es toda comunicación anormal entre una arteria y una vena, pueden clasificarse en congénitas y adquiridas. El objetivo de este estudio, es revisar las fístulas adquiridas, postraumáticas. Estas, están condicionadas por heridas penetrantes y son más frecuentes en las extremidades. Desde el punto de vista de la fisiopatología, lo resaltante, es que un volumen variable de sangre es transferido a la vena, aumentando la presión venosa y el retorno sanguíneo al corazón, lo que va a ocasionar una serie de alteraciones en los vasos comprometidos en la circulación regional y periférica. El diagnóstico de las fístulas, se basa inicialmente en la historia clínica y el examen físico, pero existen métodos de imágenes necesarios para corroborarlo como: ecografía Doppler, la resonancia magnética, la tomografía computarizada helicoidal y la arteriografía selectiva. Con respecto al tratamiento, su objetivo es la interrupción de la comunicación fistulosa y la reparación o exclusión del segmento arterial lesionado, puede ser a través de cirugía abierta o endovascular y debe adecuarse a las características individuales de cada paciente. La discusión generada, en este tema, es tener un alto grado de sospecha, para no dejar escapar una lesión de este tipo.

A traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AF) is characterized by a faulty communication between an artery and a vein. In general, causes of AF include traumatic piercing, cardiac chatheterization, a congenital or genetic condition and surgical procedures. This study deals with AF caused by posttraumatic injuries that pierce the skin on the legs. In this pathology the blood flows from an artery into a vein. When this occurs, the vein blood pressure as well as the blood return to the heart increase which, in turn, affect local blood circulation. The initial diagnosis consists of a physical examination with a stethoscope. Other tests to confirm the occurrence of an arteriovenous fistula are Duplex ultrasound (Doppler), computerized tomography angiogram, magnetic resonance angiography and selective arteriography. If the AF requires treatment, the recommended procedures are ultrasonic guided compression, catheter embolization or surgery. Surgery is intended to eliminate the blood flow through the fistula and to repair or eliminate the injured artery segment. Open or endovascular surgery may be performed, depending on the clinical history.

The Rolling Earlobe Flap for Dilated Ear Holes Following Ear Gauging: A Novel Approach to Aesthetically Preserving Earlobe Soft Tissue Volume

Patients are increasingly seeking repair of their earlobes following ear gauging. Research has shown that current repair techniques either excessively reduce the lobular volume or leave an obvious scar along the free edge of the earlobe. In our case series, we describe the use of a novel technique for repairing earlobes following ear gauging using a rolling earlobe flap that preserves the lobular volume and avoids leaving a scar on the free edge of the lobule. The procedure was performed on 3 patients (6 earlobes) who had defects from ear gauging that ranged from 3.0 to 6.5 cm. There were no postoperative complications of infection, wound dehiscence, flap necrosis, hypertrophic scars, or keloids, and all patients were highly satisfied with the postoperative results. This versatile technique allows for an aesthetically pleasing reconstruction of the lobule with the advantages of: the absence of a surgical scar on the free edge of the lobule, preserving the lobule volume, and presenting a highly customizable technique that allows lobules to be created with various shapes and volumes.

The Rolling Earlobe Flap for Dilated Ear Holes Following Ear Gauging: A Novel Approach to Aesthetically Preserving Earlobe Soft Tissue Volume

Patients are increasingly seeking repair of their earlobes following ear gauging. Research has shown that current repair techniques either excessively reduce the lobular volume or leave an obvious scar along the free edge of the earlobe. In our case series, we describe the use of a novel technique for repairing earlobes following ear gauging using a rolling earlobe flap that preserves the lobular volume and avoids leaving a scar on the free edge of the lobule. The procedure was performed on 3 patients (6 earlobes) who had defects from ear gauging that ranged from 3.0 to 6.5 cm. There were no postoperative complications of infection, wound dehiscence, flap necrosis, hypertrophic scars, or keloids, and all patients were highly satisfied with the postoperative results. This versatile technique allows for an aesthetically pleasing reconstruction of the lobule with the advantages of: the absence of a surgical scar on the free edge of the lobule, preserving the lobule volume, and presenting a highly customizable technique that allows lobules to be created with various shapes and volumes.

El fenómeno piercing en Uruguay: aspectos patológicos y socioculturales / Piercing phenomenon in Uruguay: pathological and sociocultural aspects

El piercing se exterioriza como una práctica intrínsecamente vinculada a la conformación de las diversas organizaciones colectivas humanas. Numerosos autores han tipificado las lesiones orgánicas acaecidas por su utilización, pero no así, el marco sociocultural en el que se encuadran. Objetivos: este estudio buscó analizar los alcances patológicos y socioculturales concernientes al uso de piercing,en una muestra uruguaya. Metodología: consistió en la aplicación de un cuestionario, con 26 preguntas estructuradas y abiertas, a los estudiantes de un instituto de educación media de la ciudad de Rivera, Uruguay. Resultados: 21 (40.38%) de los 52 poseedores depiercings padecieron complicaciones provenientes de su uso, en tanto que 24 (46.15%), 26 (50%) y 14 (58.33% de los que trabajaban),respectivamente, no notaron reacciones sociales, familiares ni laborales. Conclusiones: trátase de un comportamiento potencialmenteriesgoso, a pesar de que en esta oportunidad, la totalidad de las alteraciones se topografió localmente, la mayoría de los usuarios realizabadeportes y un porcentaje significante de ellos, no advirtió ninguna repercusión en su vida cotidiana.

Piercing is externalized as a practice intrinsically linked to the construction of diverse human collective organizations. Numerous authorshave typified organic lesions occurred by its use, but not sociocultural framework that characterize it. Objectives: the aim of this paperwas to analyse pathological and sociocultural scopes concerning the use of piercing in a Uruguayan sample. Methods: the research wasdeveloped by applying a questionnaire with 26 structured and open questions, answered by students of a secondary education institute of the city of Rivera, Uruguay. Results: 21 (40.38%) of the 52 pierced individuals suffered complications from its use, while 24 (46.15%),26 (50%) and 14 (58.33% of those who worked), respectively did not notice social, family or employment impacts. Conclusions: piercingis a potentially risky behaviour, although in this opportunity all alterations were locally situated, most users performed sports, and asignificant percentage of them did not point out no repercussion on their daily life.

Tongue Piercing: experience of piercees and practice of piercers in Klang Valley, Malaysia

@#To explore the phenomenon of tongue piercing in Klang Valley. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with piercers and those who had their tongue pierced (“piercees”) in Klang Valley. Five piercers and eight piercees were interviewed. Piercees had their tongue pierced at age 16-25 years. Three main reasons for tongue piercing were to enhance appearance, express their individuality, and out of curiosity. They reported that they experienced various immediate and late complications. However, most were aware of and expected the complications. The majority of piercers reported adequate infection control procedures and enquired about the client’s health prior to piercing. Although some clients reported problems, such reports were rare. Tongue piercing is an invasive procedure with some risks, but precautions such as proper infection control procedures minimize the likelihood of encountering serious problems. The reasons for tongue piercing varied between individuals. Although the majority of the interviewed piercers reported cross-infection control, their knowledge of the medical risks associated with tongue piercing varied widely.

Formation of ghost images due to metal objects on the surface of the patient's face: A pictorial essay

Panoramic radiographs are a relatively simple technique that is commonly used in all dental specialties. In panoramic radiographs, in addition to the formation of real images of metal objects, ghost images may also form, and these ghost images can hinder an accurate diagnosis and interfere with the accuracy of radiology reports. Dentists must understand the formation of these images in order to avoid making incorrect radiographic diagnoses. Therefore, the present study sought to present a study of the formation of panoramic radiograph ghost images caused by metal objects in the head and neck region of a dry skull, as well as to report a clinical case n order to warn dentists about ghost images and to raise awareness thereof. An understanding of the principles of the formation of ghost images in panoramic radiographs helps prevent incorrect diagnoses.

Embedded Earring in a 19-year-old Female / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Piercings in medical students and their effects on the skin

BACKGROUND: Piercings are body embellishments commonly seen in young people, however their inherent risk of infection and scarring disorders are less divulged. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of body piercings among medical students and their possible dermatologic consequences. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 58 medical students, by means of a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, technical issues related to the piercing and characteristics of the dermatologic complications. RESULTS: The sample was predominantly female (86.2%), with mean age 24 ± 3 years. The placement of the first piercing occurred during adolescence (median age 15), without medical supervision (91.4%) or knowledge of parents/guardians (74%). Most piercings were made of metal alloy/stainless steel, in a dumbbell model (51.7%), inserted in the umbilical area (53.5%) or ear (41.4%), with frequent cutaneous reactions in the first six months post-piercing. Hypertrophic scarring, pain, swelling and infection (p<0.05) had significantly higher frequencies among those with navel piercings. CONCLUSION: Piercing insertion occurred during adolescence. Local inflammatory and infectious reactions were common. Scarring disorders and dermatitis appeared in the long term. There is need for preventive and educational activities, starting with those in the academic environment. .

Investigation and analysis of the status of using intravenous transfusion instrument in grade three hospitals of Guangzhou / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To comprehend the application of intravenous transfusion instrument in grade three hospitals of GuangZhou,and promote the use of trochar.Methods Using the questionnaire survey,we investigated the application of intravenous transfusion instrument in 12 grade three hospitals within 24 hours on October 10th to 11th in 2012,and then collected all data for analysis.All personnel participated in the investigation were given training to ensure the accuracy of the data collection.Results 9 732 patients needed to receive intravenous therapy,among whom 3 866 patients chose scalp acupuncture and 4 195 patients chose vein detained needle.We divided all the patients who had scalp needle and vein detained needle by age.The utilization of vein detained needle was higher than scalp acupuncture in the patients of ＜19 years old and ＞70 years old,but the utilization of scalp acupuncture was higher than vein detained needle in the patients of 19～70 years old.The difference of choosing intravenous transfusion instrument among different age groups had statistical significance.Conclusions Patients of 19～70 years old are in young and maturity phase,middle age,old age.The compliance of them is lower than other patients.They think the vein detained needle influence their daily activities and individual image,and also worry about infection.So they do not actively use vein detained needle,except when having poor situation in peripheral venous.Nurses are lack of health education,and fail to allow patients actively choose vein detained needle.

Piercing (oral e perioral) e complicações à saúde: a percepção de um grupo de portadores do adorno / Body piercing (oral and perioral) and associated health complications: perceptions of a group of adornment wearers

Objetivo: identificar complicações decorrentes do uso de piercing (oral e perioral) em uma população de adultos jovens. Metodologia: pesquisa descritiva, do tipo transversal, mediante coleta de dados primários. A população-alvo foi constituída por adultos de três cidades do estado de Santa Catarina (SC), tendo como critérios de inclusão: idade igual ou superior a 18 anos; portador ou ex-portador de piercing. A amostra foi do tipo não probabilístico, obtida de forma acidental. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram abordados em espaços coletivos. Resultados: obteve-se a devolutiva de 103 instrumentos devidamente preenchidos. A amostra foi composta por 50,5% de sujeitos do gênero masculino e 49,5% do feminino. As idades variaram de 18 a 32 anos. A maioria (70%) afirmou não ter percebido qualquer tipo de alteração após a colocação do adorno. Dentre os que identificaram algum tipo de alteração (n=32), a maioria integrava o grupo dos que já tinham sido portadores do adorno. As principais alterações apontadas foram: alterações na fala, mastigação e deglutição; dentes danificados; dor; inchaço e inflamação. Conclusão: o piercing é uma forma de injúria intraoral, havendo, portanto, necessidade de ampla divulgação de informações sobre cuidados em relação ao uso desse adorno, a fim de minimizar as complicações que podem ocorrer.

Objective: To identify complications arising from the use of body piercing (oral and perioral) in a population of young adults. Methodology: Descriptive research, of the cross-sectional type, through the collection of primary data. The target population consisted of adults from three cities in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), and the inclusion criteria were: age 18 or over, and user or former user of a body piercing. The sample was of the accidental, non-probabilistic type. The research subjects were interviewed in public places. Results: 103 completed questionnaires were returned. The sample was comprised of 50.5% male subjects, and 49.5% females, with ages ranging from 18 to 32 years. The majority (70%) stated that they had not noticed any kind of change after having their body piercing done. Of those who identified some type of change (n=32), the majority were part of the former user group. The main changes mentioned were: changes in speech, chewing and swallowing; damaged teeth; pain and swelling; and inflammation. Conclusion: Piercing is a form of intraoral injury, therefore it is necessary to ensure that information on care in relation to the use of this adornment is widespread, to minimize possible complications.

Hábitos e costumes de mulheres universitárias quanto ao uso de roupas íntimas, adornos genitais, depilação e práticas sexuais / Habits and traditions of female college students related to intimate clothing, genital adornments, genital hair removal and sexual practices

OBJETIVO: Descrever as práticas e cuidados com a área genital de mulheres universitárias. MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico descritivo, que analisou os hábitos e costumes de 364 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Estado de São Paulo quanto ao uso de roupas íntimas, piercings corporais, tatuagens, depilação e práticas sexuais. Um questionário com 42 perguntas avaliou as práticas habituais mais comuns das universitárias. Todas as perguntas foram autorrespondidas e os questionários, sem qualquer identificação, foram colocados em urnas lacradas para garantir o sigilo das informações. As respostas foram tabuladas em planilha Microsoft® Excel 2007 para obtenção de análise univariável. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das universitárias estudadas foi de 21 anos (DP±2,7), sendo 84% brancas. Participaram do estudo voluntárias das áreas de biológicas (50%), exatas (29%) e humanas (21%). Observou-se que 61,8% das entrevistadas usam calcinhas de algodão, porém, ao mesmo tempo, 75,4% usam calças jeans apertadas, e que somente 18,4% deixam de usar calcinha para dormir. Apenas uma participante relatou ter piercing genital e nenhuma tinha tatuagem. A maioria das universitárias faz depilação genital, sendo que aproximadamente um terço delas o faz de forma completa. Após depilar, dois terços usam produtos como anti-inflamatórios e/ou hidratantes na região. Apenas 62% usam camisinha masculina e 17,6% lubrificante na relação sexual. Metade pratica sexo oral receptor; 17,9% sexo anal e 26,6% delas relatam ter dor no ato sexual. Corrimento vaginal foi relatado após a relação sexual em 25,6% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO:Mulheres jovens de universidade pública brasileira têm muitos hábitos inadequados de cuidados relacionados à sua área genital. Não costumam usar piercings ou tatuagens genitais, mas relatam ter dor no ato sexual e corrimento vaginal após o sexo em um grande número de casos.

PURPOSE: To describe the practices and care with the genital area of female college students. METHODS: A descriptive analytical study evaluated the habits and traditions of 364 students from the University of Campinas (Unicamp) regarding the use of underwear, body piercings, tattoos, hair removal and sexual practices. A questionnaire with 42 questions assessed the most current practices among female college students. All questions were self answered and the questionnaires, without any identification, were placed in sealed ballot boxes to ensure the confidentiality of information. The responses were tabulated in Microsoft® Excel 2007 to obtain univariate analysis. RESULTS:The mean age of the college students in the study was 21 years (SD±2.7), and 84% were white. The volunteers who participated in this study were from the biological science area (50%), the exact science area (29%) or the humanity area (21%). It was observed that 61.8% of the respondents wear cotton panties, but at the same time 75.4% wear tight jeans, and only 18.4% wore no panties when sleeping. Only one participant reported having had genital piercing and none of them reported tattooing. Most female college students do genital waxing, and approximately 1/3 of them do so completely. After hair removal, 2/3 apply an anti-inflammatory and/or moisturizer to the region. Only 62% use condoms and 17.6% use a lubricant during intercourse. Half of them receive oral sex, 17.9% practice anal sex and 26.6% of them report feeling pain during sexual intercourse. Vaginal discharge after intercourse was reported in 25.6% of the cases. CONCLUSION:Young female college students from Brazilian public universities have many inadequate care habits related to their genital area. They do not use genital piercing and tattoos, but report having pain during sexual intercourse and vaginal discharge after sex in a large number of cases.

Procedimentos de biossegurança adotados por profissionais de serviços de embelezamento / Biosafety procedures adopted by beauty professionals

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar procedimentos de biossegurança adotados por profissionais de manicure, pedicure, tatuagem, piercing e maquiagem definitiva em Jacareí-SP. Utilizou-se abordagem descritiva e observacional de corte transversal. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada entre maio e junho de 2011. Foram feitas quarenta entrevistas com profissionais de estabelecimentos localizados no centro e nos dez bairros mais populosos. Utilizou-se questionário para avaliar conhecimentos e atitudes dos profissionais e um formulário para a observação de seus procedimentos e estrutura física dos estabelecimentos. Verificou-se falta de conhecimento sobre biossegurança pelos profissionais e deficiência na regulamentação desses serviços. Embora 55 por cento dos profissionais tenham realizado treinamento, seus procedimentos e a infraestrutura dos estabelecimentos foram favoráveis ​​à transmissão de doenças. Sobre os processos de limpeza, desinfecção e esterilização de instrumentais, nenhum dos entrevistados sabia o tempo e a temperatura ideal para a esterilização, 57,5 por cento tinham equipamento inadequado para sua realização e 80 por cento não tinham termostato ou termômetro no equipamento para a conferência da temperatura. Apenas 57,5 por cento acreditavam que poderiam transmitir doenças durante sua prática profissional. Quarenta e cinco por cento dos entrevistados relataram ter tido contato com sangue sem luvas. Outro problema observado foi a reutilização de materiais descartáveis. Somente 10 por cento possuíam área específica para a esterilização de instrumentais. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de formação de qualidade sobre boas práticas de biossegurança a esses profissionais, além de normas e diretrizes pormenorizadas para a prevenção de infecções nesses serviços, bem como a melhoria da vigilância nesses estabelecimentos.

The objective of this study was to investigate biosafety procedures adopted by manicure, pedicure, tattoo, piercing and permanent makeup professionals in Jacareí-SP. We used a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional approach. The field research was conducted between May and June 2011. Forty professionals were surveyed in the downtown area and in the ten most populated districts of the municipality. We used a questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitudes of professionals as well as a formulary for the observation of professional procedures and physical structure of establishments. It has been found that professionals lack knowledge on biosafety procedures, and that the regulation of these services was deficient. Although 55% of professionals have attended to training courses, their procedures and establishments' infrastructure were favorable to disease transmission. Regarding the processes for cleaning, disinfecting and sterilizing instruments, none of interviewed knew the ideal time and temperature for sterilization, 57.5% had inadequate equipment for it and 80% had no thermostat or thermometer in the equipment for checking the temperature. Only 57.5% believed they could transmit infectious diseases during their professional practice. Forty-five percent of respondents reported having had contact with blood without wearing gloves. Another problem observed was the reuse of disposable material. Only 10% had a specific area for sterilizing instruments. The results demonstrated the need for providing to these professionals quality training on good biosafety practices and standards, detailed guidelines for the prevention of infections in these services as well as improvement on these establishments' surveillance.

Representations of tattoo and piercing use / Representações do uso de tatuagem e piercing / Representaciones del uso de tatuaje y piercing

The present study has investigated several tattoo and piercing identity representations for their users, as well as prejudices related to them. We have interviewed 10 individuals with such ornaments. The results showed three different categories of representations for people with ornaments: aesthetic, predetermined design significance and permanent mark of a significant moment in life. Divergences in representations of these types of ornaments are responsible for generating prejudiced attitudes towards those who have them. Even facing discrimination and stigmatized character brought by ornaments, the interviewers reported they had not regret by opting for their use, which can be considered an identity factor, either personal or group.

O presente estudo investigou diversas representações identitárias da tatuagem e do piercing para seus usuários, bem como os preconceitos relacionados a esses. Para isso, foram entrevistados 10 sujeitos portadores de tais adornos. Os resultados apontaram três diferentes categorias de representações para os portadores de adornos: complemento estético, significação pré-estabelecida do desenho e marca permanente de um momento significativo na vida. Divergências nas representações desses tipos de enfeites são responsáveis por gerar atitudes preconceituosas para com aqueles que os possuem. Mesmo frente à discriminação e ao caráter estigmatizado trazido pelos adornos, os entrevistados relataram não terem se arrependido por optar pelo seu uso, o que pode ser considerado um fator constituinte da identidade, seja essa pessoal ou grupal.

El presente estudio investigó diversas representaciones de identidad a través del tatuaje y del piercing para sus usuarios, así como los preconceptos relacionados a éstos. Para eso, fueron entrevistados 10 sujetos portadores de tales adornos. Los resultados apuntaron tres diferentes categorías de representaciones para los portadores de adornos: complemento estético, significación pre-establecida del dibujo y marca permanente de un momento significativo en la vida. Divergencias en las representaciones de estos tipos de adereces son responsables de generar actitudes prejuiciosas para con aquéllos que les poseen. Mismo frente a la discriminación y al carácter estigmatizado traído por los adornos, los entrevistados relataron no haber arrepentimiento por optaren por su uso, lo que puede ser considerado un factor constituyente de la identidad, sea esta personal o grupal.