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1.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 65: e22200749, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364465

RESUMO

Abstract Endophytic bacteria from weed are emerging as valuable alternatives for biochemical pesticides in sustainable agriculture. This study aims to discover the antagonistic effects of some endophytic bacteria isolated from weed (Lactuca indica) against A. alternata, a casual of stem end rot disease of pitaya. A total of 14 endophytic bacteria were isolated and four of them presented in vitro antagonistic activity against A. alternata. Of four, strain L115 significantly inhibited the pathogenic growth with a mean inhibition diameter of 12.67 ± 0.02 mm, while the other three (strain L110, L111, and L114) showed a weak inhibition. The results indicated that strain L115 could belong to the Bacillaceae family while the other three (strain L110, L111, and L114) had characteristics of the Pseudomonadaceae family. Interestingly, strain L115 showed positive results for phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid (IAA), and biofilm production, whereas three other strains presented weak capabilities for phosphate solubilization, biofilm production and IAA production. In addition, the filtrate of strain L115 presented antifungal activity on biocontrol tests in vitro. Especially, strain L115 significantly increased seedling biomass of pitaya and tomato compared to the control. Hence, these results suggest strain L115 has the potential to be used as biocontrol agents against A. alternata. More studies should be done in the future to evaluate their efficiency in field conditions.

2.
Acta biol. colomb ; 17(2): 259-270, mayo-ago. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-659296

RESUMO

Una de las mayores causas de pérdidas poscosecha de frutos de pitaya amarilla es su ablandamiento excesivo, el cual ha sido documentado previamente cuando la fruta es almacenada a temperaturas de cosecha o después de refrigeración. Además, tratamientos de choque térmico antes del almacenamiento refrigerado ofrecen control en el ablandamiento de estos frutos. Diferentes experimentos fueron llevados a cabo para evaluar el papel de algunas enzimas degradadoras de pared celular en el ablandamiento de frutos de pitaya amarilla: almacenamiento a 18 °C (TA) y refrigeración con choque térmico previo (ChT-R). Se incluyó también un tratamiento refrigerado control, sin choque térmico (control-R). Si midió el color de la corteza, la firmeza y las actividades de poligalacturonasa (PG), celulasa (CEL) y xilanasa (XIL). La evaluación del color indicó que los frutos almacenados a TA alcanzaron su madurez comercial luego de seis días. Luego de 12 días de almacenamiento a TA el pardeamiento y ablandamiento excesivo afectaron negativamente la calidad de los frutos. El pardeamiento y ablandamiento excesivo fueron detectados también en los frutos control-R cuando se movieron de 2 a 18 °C. Un ligero pardeamieno fue observado en los frutos ChT-R. Estos frutos alcanzaron su madurez comercial luego de 24 días de almacenamiento (nueve días luego de terminado el almacenamiento refrigerado). La actividad de XIL se asoció al ablandamiento en los frutos almacenados a TA y ChT-R. No se observó una clara correlación entre las actividades de PG y el ablandamiento, como tampoco entre CEL y el ablandamiento.


One of the major causes of yellow pitaya fruit loss during its marketing is its excessive softening, which has been previously documented when the fruit is stored at harvest temperature or after refrigeration. Furthermore, its excessive softening has been controlled by the application of heat shock treatments before refrigeration. Different experiments were carried out to evaluate the role of cell wall degrading enzymes on yellow pitaya fruit softening: storage at 18 °C (RT) as well as refrigeration with previous heat shock treatment (HS-R). A refrigerated control, without heat shock, was included (control-R). Peel color, firmness, poligalacturonase (PG), celulase (CEL) and xilanase (XIL) activities were measured. RT fruits reached the commercial ripeness after six days, as indicated by the color evaluation. After 12 days of storage at RT browning and excessive softening negatively affected the fruit quality. Browning and excessive softening were also detected in the control-R fruit when moving from 2 to 18°C. Minor browning was found in the HS- R fruit. HS-R fruit was full ripe 24 days of storage (nine days after finishing the refrigerated storage). XIL activity was associated to the softening in the RT and HS-R fruits. No clear correlation was observed between PG and softening neither between CEL and softening.

3.
Acta biol. colomb ; 14(2): 73-82, ago. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-634912

RESUMO

En diversas técnicas aplicadas para la conservación en fresco de la pitaya amarilla (Acanthocereus pitajaya) se ha encontrado que el ablandamiento excesivo de su corteza contribuye al deterioro de su calidad. Puesto que pectinmetilestearasa (PME) se ha vinculado con el ablandamiento de frutos este estudio se desarrolló con el objeto de determinar el efecto de la incorporación de los aditivos tritón X-100, NaCl y cisteína en buffer fosfatos 20 mM pH 7,0 sobre la cantidad de proteína extraída y sobre la actividad de PME. También se evaluó la necesidad de recurrir al proceso de diálisis en buffer fosfatos 20 mM pH 7,0. En la medida de actividad se pusieron a punto el tiempo de incubación, la concentración del cofactor NaCl, pH, temperatura y concentración de sustrato (pectina cítrica). Se encontró que el mejor sistema de extracción fue el compuesto por buffer fosfato 20 mM, pH 7,0 con concentraciones de NaCl que pueden estar entre 0,0 a 1,0 M. La medida de actividad se puede realizar empleando pectina cítrica entre 0,40 a 0,75%, a valores de pH entre 5,0 a 8,0, con incubación a una temperatura entre 40 a 45 °C, durante 2,5 min.


Using diverse techniques applied to keep the freshness of yellow pitaya (Acanthocereus pitajaya) fruit it has been found that excessive softening of its crust leads to quality deterioration. Since pectinmethyl esterase (PME) has been related to fruit softening in this study we evaluated the protein levels and the PME activity after the addition of Triton X-100 1% and NaCl in concentrations from 0 to 2 M in buffer 20 mM phosphate pH 7.0. Effects of cysteine addition and dialysis were also evaluated for the extraction processes. Factors that can affect the activity of PME such as incubation time, different NaCl concentration, as value level of pH during the incubation, temperature and pectin (citric pectin) concentration were evaluated. The best system found in this study for PME extraction was buffer phosphate 20 mM, pH 7.0 and NaCl from 0.0 to 1.0 M. The best system for the activity measurement is to use pectin from 0.40 to 0.75%, keep the pH between 5 and 8 and incubate from 40 to 45 °C during 2.5 min.

4.
Acta biol. colomb ; 13(1): 217-228, ene.-abr. 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-634993

RESUMO

Para pitaya amarilla (Acanthocereus pitajaya) se ha encontrado que el ablandamiento excesivo de la cáscara contribuye al deterioro del fruto, al aplicar diferentes técnicas de conservación en fresco. Dado que tanto la celulasa como la xilanasa se han vinculado con el ablandamiento de la cáscara de frutos, este trabajo se basó en la búsqueda de las mejores condiciones de extracción y medida de actividad de celulasa y xilanasa. El mejor sistema de extracción fue buffer fosfato 20 mM, NaCl 0,5 M, pH 7,0. Para la medida de actividad de celulasa es necesario incubar durante 60 min a 37 ºC, con un volumen de extracto enzimático crudo de 30 µL, empleando buffer acetato 100 mM a pH 5,0; los valores de constante aparente de Michaelis Menten (K M aparente) y velocidad máxima (V MÁX) fueron 0,279 mg/mL y 0,00014 nmol glucosa/min, respectivamente. Para determinar la actividad de xilanasa se establecieron 15 min de tiempo de incuba-ción, a 50 ºC, empleando 30 µL de extracto enzimático crudo a pH 4,0 (buffer acetato 100 mM); los valores de K M aparente y V MÁX para xilanasa fueron 0,073 mg/mL y 0,0011 nmol glucosa/min, respectivamente.


By applying different conservation techniques on yellow pitaya fruit (Acanthocereus pitajaya) it has been found that excessive softening of the peel contributes to the deterioration of the fruit. Due to that both cellulase and xylanase have been related to the softening of the fruit's peel; this work was based on the search of the best conditions not only for the extraction, but also for the activity measurement of both cellulase and xylanase. The best extraction system for both enzymes was 20 mM buffer phosphate, 0.5 M NaCl, pH 7.0. For the cellulase activity measurement it was necessary to incubate during 60 min at 37 ºC, with a volume of raw enzymatic extract of 30 µL, using buffer acetate 100 mM at pH 5,0; the values of apparent K M and V MÁX were 0.279 mg/mL and 0.00014 nmol glucose/min, respectively. To determine the xylanase activity it was necessary to incubate during 15 min, at 50 ºC, using 30 µL of raw enzymatic extract at pH 4.0 with 100 mM buffer acetate; the values of apparent K M and V MÁX for this enzyme were 0.073 mg/mL and 0.0011 nmol glucose/min, respectively.

5.
Rev. colomb. quím. (Bogotá) ; 35(1): 91-100, jun. 2006. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-636585

RESUMO

Las enzimas catalasa (CAT), peroxidasa (POD) y polifenoloxidasa (PFO) fueron extraídas de la corteza de frutos de pitaya amarilla (Acanthocereus pitajaya) y caracterizadas parcialmente. Para CAT se halló que su actividad fue máxima a pH entre 6,8 y 7,5 y temperatura entre 30 a 50 °C y un K M de 442 mM con H2O2 como sustrato. Para POD se encontró un pH de máxima actividad entre 5,0 a 5,5, temperatura de máxima actividad entre 20 a 25 °C y valores de K M de 10,6 mM para guayacol y 5,1 mM para H2O2. Para PFO las actividades máximas se obtuvieron a pH 7,0 y a temperaturas entre 30 a 40 °C; para esta enzima se obtuvo un K M de 5,5 mM con L-DOPA como sustrato. Las características encontradas para POD y PFO indican que estas enzimas pueden jugar un papel importante en el pardeamiento de la corteza de pitaya amarilla. Además, se evidenció el papel complementario que tienen CAT y POD ante diversas concentraciones celulares de H2O2.


Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were extracted from the peel of pitaya amarilla (Acanthocereus pitajaya) and were partially characterized. CAT had maximum activities at pH between 6.8 and 7.5 and at temperatures in the range 30 to 50 °C, its K M value is 442 mM for H2O2.The pH for maximum activity of POD was from 5.0 to 5.5 and its temperatures between 20 and 25 °C; POD had a K M values of 10.6 mM and 5.1 for guaiacol and H2O2, respectively. PPO exhibited its maximum activity at pH 7.0 and at temperatures between 30 and 40 °C; PPO had a K M value of 5.5 mM for L-DOPA. Our results indicate that both POD and PPO play an important role in the browning of the pitaya amarilla peel; on the other hand, it was observed that CAT and POD must have a complementary role in the H2O2 degradation in the cells.

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