Gingivitis crónica y otros campos de interferencia en pacientes con artritis del hombro

Introducción: La odontología holística es parte de la medicina biológica o neurofocal, dirigida a la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento relacionados con las enfermedades del sistema estomatognático en correlación con otras estructuras anatómicas, a fin de tratar al paciente de manera integral, en cuerpo, mente y alma. Objetivo: Identificar la presencia de gingivitis crónica y de otros campos de interferencia en pacientes con artritis del hombro. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 24 pacientes con artritis del hombro, pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Docente Carlos Juan Finlay en Santiago de Cuba, quienes fueron atendidos en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada, desde noviembre del 2021 hasta mayo del 2022. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el sexo femenino (62,5 %) y el grupo etario de 35-59 años (75,0 %). De igual modo, la mayoría de los pacientes padecía gingivitis crónica (87,5 %), en tanto, los otros campos de interferencia mayormente hallados fueron la placa dentobacteriana (100 %) y la caries dental (58,3 %), que figuraron en todos los molares según el holograma del microsistema de dientes alemán. Conclusiones: Los campos de interferencia identificados con más frecuencia en la casuística fueron la gingivitis crónica grave, la placa dentobacteriana y la caries dental, los cuales estuvieron asociados a la artritis del hombro que aquejaba a los pacientes.

Introduction: Holistic dentistry is part of the biological or neurofocal medicine, directed to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment related to the diseases of the stomatognatic system in correlation with other anatomical structures, in order to treat the patient in an integral way, in body, mind and soul. Objective: To identify the presence of chronic gingivitis and other interference fields in patients with shoulder arthritis. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 24 patients with shoulder arthritis was carried out, who belonged to the health area of Carlos Juan Finlay Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba. They were assisted in Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinic, from November, 2021 to May, 2022. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the female sex (62.5%) and the 35-59 age group (75.0%). In a same way, most of the patients suffered from chronic gingivitis (87.5%), as long as the other mostly found interference fields were the dentobacterial plaque (100%) and dental cavity (58.3%) that were in all the molars according to the hologram of the German teeth microsystem. Conclusions: Severe chronic gingivitis, dentobacterial plaque and dental cavity were the most frequently identified interference fields in the case material, which were associated to the shoulder arthritis in patients.

Efecto de talleres de técnica de cepillado monitoreados y supervisados con la técnica "ver-repetir" sobre higiene oral en niños con discapacidad auditiva

Introducción. La salud bucodental de poblaciones vulnerables como aquellas con discapacidad auditiva se enfrenta a barreras de salud por la falta de habilidad para la comunicación resultando en una alta prevalencia de caries, enfermedad periodontal y pérdida dentaria. Objetivo. Disminuir el Índice de O´Leary posterior a talleres de técnica de cepillado monitoreados y supervisados con la técnica "ver-repetir". Materiales y Métodos. Estudio de intervención en estudiantes de una escuela para personas con discapacidad auditiva de Asunción-Paraguay, durante el 2022-2023. Los participantes recibieron entrenamiento de cepillado con la técnica de Bass en modelos y maquetas previo a cada sesión de cepillado. En cada sesión se proveyó a cada participante de cepillo y pasta dental. Se instruyó a padres y maestros para fomentar la técnica en el hogar y en la escuela. Se estableció el Índice de O´Leary previa aplicación de una sustancia reveladora de placa bacteriana. Resultados. Participaron del estudio, 46 niñas y 25 varones entre 4 a 13 años; 12 con dentición temporaria, 41 mixta y 18 permanente. Se realizaron 11 sesiones, siendo 8 la mediana de participación. El índice de O´leary fue al inicio 81,86% ± 26,09% que se redujo significativamente a 11,69% ± 3,94%; en el 100% se redujo a menos de 25%. Los primeros molares permanentes inicialmente cariados fueron restaurados y permanecieron sin recidivas hasta el final. Conclusión. La cantidad de placa bacteriana oral en niños con discapacidad auditiva se puede mantener bajo control siguiendo estrategias de higiene que sean supervisadas y monitoreadas.

Introduction. The oral health of vulnerable populations such as the hearing-impaired face barriers due to lack of communication skills resulting in a high prevalence of caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss. Objective. To decrease O'Leary index after monitored and supervised brushing technique workshops with the "see-repeat" technique. Materials and Methods. Intervention study in students of a school for people with hearing disabilities in Asunción-Paraguay, during 2022-2023. The participants received brushing training with the Bass technique on models and mock-ups prior to each brushing session. In each session, each participant was provided with a toothbrush and toothpaste. Parents and teachers were instructed to promote the technique at home and at school. The O'Leary Index was established after applying a substance that reveals bacterial plaque. Results. 46 girls and 25 boys between 4 and 13 years old participated in the study; 12 with temporary teeth, 41 mixed and 18 permanent. 11 sessions were held, with a median participation of 8. The O'leary index was 81.86% ± 26.09% at the beginning, which was significantly reduced to 11.69% ± 3.94%; in 100% it was reduced to less than 25%. The initially decayed first permanent molars were restored and remained recurrence-free until the end. Conclusion. The amount of oral bacterial plaque in hearing impaired children can be kept under control by following hygiene strategies that are supervised and monitored.

Clinical study of polyetheretherketone resin-bonded bridge for restoring anterior missing teeth in patients with periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the clinical effect of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bonding bridge on the loss of 3 internal incisors in patients with periodontitis.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Thirty-eight patients with periodontitis and 3 missing central or lateral teeth were selected to undergo restoration with a PEEK bonding bridge and then returned to the hospital 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the restoration was completed. The survival rate of the restorations was assessed by the modified USPHS/Ryge criteria. The plaque index, gingival index, periodontal probing depth and attachment loss of the abutments were recorded, and the changes in periodontal tissues after restoration were observed and compared.@*Results@#Over 24 months of clinical follow-up observation of 38 patients, only 1 patient underwent secondary bonding after partial debonding (evaluated as grade B), while bonding was successful in the other 37 cases (evaluated as grade A). The plaque index, gingival index and periodontal probing depth were significantly lower after restoration than before (P<0.05). There was no significant change in attachment loss between before and after restoration (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#For periodontitis patients missing 3 internal incisors, short-term PEEK bonding bridge repair has good clinical efficacy.

Research progress on the application of metal nanoenzymes in the prevention and treatment of plaque biofilm-associated oral diseases / 口腔疾病防治

@#Oral plaque biofilms are one of the bases for the survival and metabolism of different bacteria. With the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria due to antibiotic abuse, the prevention and treatment of plaque biofilm-associated oral diseases are becoming increasingly difficult. Although some research progress has been made in the field of biofilm formation and destruction, there is still a lack of effective clinical therapies for plaque biofilm-associated oral diseases. Metal nanoenzymes possess the physical properties of nanoparticles and exhibit catalytic activity similar to that of natural enzymes. The nanoscale size of metal nanoenzymes provides a greater specific surface area to help reactive oxygen species spread rapidly to active catalytic sites and improve the antioxidant properties of nanoenzymes. Additionally, metal nanoenzymes are easy to produce using different methods, such as electrochemical reduction, solvent thermal synthesis and microwave-assisted synthesis. Moreover, metal nanoenzymes can produce a high concentration of hydroxyl radicals, catalyze plaque biofilm degradation, lyse glucan and inhibit biofilm formation by oxidative stress reactions, as well as kill bacteria by releasing metal ions. Thus, metal nanoenzymes are expected to become a new option for the prevention and treatment of oral plaque biofilm-associated diseases. However, metal nanoenzymes can enter organisms through oral, intravenous and respiratory routes, triggering potential toxic effects such as pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity. In a complex biological environment, the occurrence of metal nanoenzymes toxicity may involve multiple mechanisms, and the mechanism of action and safety need to be thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we intend to describe the research progress on metal nanoenzymes through an overview of their properties, antibacterial mechanisms, biotoxicity and applications in the prevention and treatment of oral plaque biofilm-related diseases, which may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

Construction of a machine learning model for identifying clinical high-risk carotid plaques based on radiomics / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To construct a radiomics model for identifying clinical high-risk carotid plaques. Methods     A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with carotid artery stenosis in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from December 2016 to June 2022. The patients were classified as a clinical high-risk carotid plaque group and a clinical low-risk carotid plaque group according to the occurrence of stroke, transient ischemic attack and other cerebrovascular clinical symptoms within six months. Six machine learning models including eXtreme Gradient Boosting, support vector machine, Gaussian Naive Bayesian, logical regression, K-nearest neighbors and artificial neural network were established. We also constructed a joint predictive model combined with logistic regression analysis of clinical risk factors. Results    Finally 652 patients were collected, including 427 males and 225 females, with an average age of 68.2 years. The results showed that the prediction ability of eXtreme Gradient Boosting was the best among the six machine learning models, and the area under the curve (AUC) in validation dataset was 0.751. At the same time, the AUC of eXtreme Gradient Boosting joint prediction model established by clinical data and carotid artery imaging data validation dataset was 0.823. Conclusion     Radiomics features combined with clinical feature model can effectively identify clinical high-risk carotid plaques.

Salivary immunoglobulin levels and periodontal indices in Brazilian children with and without type 1 diabetes

Abstract This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between salivary immunoglobulins, plaque index, and gingival index in Brazilian children with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for the reporting of observational studies was followed. The DM1 group had 38 children, and an equal number of volunteers matched by sex and age were recruited as controls. Clinical examination was performed for plaque index and gingival index determination. Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected. Concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM were determined by ELISA test. Data were tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman tests and a multiple linear regression model (p<0.05) was performed. Gingival index was higher in the Control (DM1: 0.16±0.17; Control: 0.24±0.23, p=0.040). In DM1, there was a correlation between IgA and age (rho=0.371, p=0.024), IgM and IgG (rho=0.459, p=0.007), and IgM and gingival index (rho=0.394, p=0.014). In DM1, multiple linear regression showed that age (p=0.041; β=0.363), gingival index (p=0.041; β=0.398), and plaque index (p=0.008; β=-0.506) were good predictors of IgA levels in saliva. Thus, IgA was the only researched immunoglobulin that was directly associated with plaque and gingival indices in Brazilian children with DM1, but not in control subjects.

Uso de Índices Aterogênicos como Métodos de Avaliação das Doenças Ateroscleróticas Clínicas / Use of Atherogenic Indices as Assessment Methods of Clinical Atherosclerotic Diseases

Resumo Fundamento A busca por métodos clinicamente úteis de avaliação de doenças ateroscleróticas, com boa acurácia, de baixo custo, sem invasividade e de fácil manejo, há anos vem sendo estimulada. Dessa forma, os índices aterogênicos avaliados deste estudo podem se encaixar nesta demanda crescente. Objetivos Avaliar o potencial dos índices aterogênicos como métodos de avaliação de pacientes portadores de aterosclerose clínica. Métodos Estudo transversal de centro único, por meio do qual foram avaliados os índices de Castelli I e II, índice aterogênico plasmático (IAP), índice de combinação de lipoproteínas e a variação do índice de perfusão periférica entre 90 e 120 segundos após um estímulo vasodilatador endotélio-dependente (ΔIPP90-120) na predição de aterosclerose. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 298 indivíduos com idade média de 63,0 ± 16,1 anos, dos quais 57,4% eram mulheres. Comparações pareadas da análise curva ROC dos índices que alcançaram área sob a curva (ASC) > 0,6 mostram que ΔIPP90-120 e IAP foram superiores aos demais índices, sem diferenças observadas entre si (diferença entre ASC = 0,056; IC95% -0,003-0,115). Ademais, tanto a ΔIPP90-120 [odds ratio (OR) 9,58; IC95% 4,71-19,46] quanto o IAP (OR 5,35; IC95% 2,30-12,45) foram preditores independentes de aterosclerose clínica. Conclusões O IAP e ΔIPP90-120 apresentaram melhor acurácia para discriminar aterosclerose clínica. Além disso, foram preditores independentes de aterosclerose clínica, evidenciando uma possibilidade promissora para o desenvolvimento de estratégias preventivas e de controle para doenças cardiovasculares. Tratam-se, portanto, de marcadores adequados para estudos multicêntricos do ponto de vista de praticidade, custo e validade externa.

Abstract Background The search for clinically useful methods to assess atherosclerotic diseases (ASCVD) with good accuracy, low cost, non-invasiveness, and easy handling has been stimulated for years. Thus, the atherogenic indices evaluated in this study may fit this growing demand. Objectives To assess the potential of atherogenic indices to evaluate patients with clinical atherosclerosis. Methods Single-center cross-sectional study, through which the Castelli I and II indices, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), the lipoprotein combine index, and the variation in the peripheral perfusion index between 90 and 120 seconds after an endothelium-dependent (ΔPI90-120) vasodilator stimulus were evaluated in the prediction of atherosclerosis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The sample consisted of 298 individuals with an average age of 63.0±16.1 years, of which 57.4% were women. Paired comparisons of the ROC curve analysis of the indices that reached the area under the curve (AUC) > 0.6 show that ΔPI90-120 and AIP were superior to other indices, and no differences were observed between them (difference between AUC = 0.056; 95%CI -0.003-0.115). Furthermore, both the ΔPI90-120 [odds ratio (OR) 9.58; 95%CI 4.71-19.46)] and AIP (OR 5.35; 95%CI 2.30-12.45) were independent predictors of clinical atherosclerosis. Conclusions The AIP and ΔPI90-120 represented better accuracy in discriminating clinical ASCVD. Moreover, they were independent predictors of clinical ASCVD, evidencing a promising possibility for developing preventive and control strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, they are markers for multicenter studies from the point of view of practicality, low cost, and external validity.

The past, present and future of Alzheimer's disease - part 1: the past / O passado, presente e futuro da doença de Alzheimer - parte 1: o passado

Abstract Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described in 1907, and since then it changed from a relatively rare condition to one of the most prevalent diseases. Objective To describe the evolution of the notions of dementias and AD, and to investigate the reasons for the increase in scientific interest in AD. Methods A historical analysis was carried out on knowledge about dementia, the site of mental activity, the relationships between brain diseases and mental activity, and on the advances in research about AD, since its discovery until the publication of the amyloid cascade hypothesis in 1992. A search was carried out in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) for scientific articles that included the terms dementia or AD over 50 years, from 1972 to 2021. Results The scientific research on AD increased from 615 papers with the term AD in the first decade (1972-1981), to 100,028 papers in the last decade (2012-2021): an increase of 162.6 times whereas publications with the term dementia increased 28.6 times in the same period. In the 1960s and 1970s, a consensus was reached that AD is responsible for the majority of cases of dementia previously known as senile dementia. In the 1980s, beta-amyloid peptide was identified in the core of the senile plaque, hyperphosphorylated tau protein was found in neurofibrillary tangles, and a mutation was discovered in a hereditary form of AD. Conclusion The expansion of the concept of AD to include senile dementia, and the discoveries that occurred in the 1980s greatly expanded research in AD.

Resumo Antecedentes A doença de Alzheimer (DA) foi descrita em 1907 e, desde então, deixou de ser relativamente rara para se tornar uma das doenças mais prevalentes. Objetivo Descrever a evolução das noções sobre demências e DA e investigar as razões do aumento do interesse científico pela DA. Métodos Foi realizada uma análise histórica dos conhecimentos sobre demência, o local da atividade mental, as relações entre doenças cerebrais e a atividade mental, e sobre os avanços na pesquisa sobre a DA, desde a sua descoberta até a publicação da hipótese da cascata amiloide em 1992. Foi realizada uma busca na Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos da América (PubMed) por artigos científicos que incluíssem os termos demência ou DA nos 50 anos, de 1972 a 2021. Resultados A pesquisa científica sobre DA aumentou de 615 artigos com o termo doença de Alzheimer na primeira década (1972-1981), para 100.028 artigos na última década (2012-2021): um aumento de 162,6 vezes enquanto as publicações com o termo demência aumentaram 28,6 vezes no mesmo período. Nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, chegou-se a um consenso de que a DA é responsável pela maioria dos casos de demência, anteriormente conhecida como demência senil. Na década de 1980, o peptídeo beta-amiloide foi identificado no núcleo da placa senil, a proteína tau hiperfosforilada foi encontrada em emaranhados neurofibrilares e uma mutação foi descoberta em uma forma hereditária de DA. Conclusão A expansão do conceito de DA para incluir a demência senil e as descobertas ocorridas na década de 1980 ampliaram enormemente a pesquisa em DA.

The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that presents as scaly patches on the skin that affects about 3% of the world's population. Adherence to treatment and discrimination against people are common problems, adversely impacts quality of life. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of medicinal plants as therapeutic adjuvants in the treatment of plaque psoriasis through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in patients with plaque psoriasis was carried out, comparing the efficacy of herbal treatments alone or in association with other therapies. The search was performed in the databases of The Cochrane Library, Lilacs, Medline via PubMed and Embase, only including studies published from 2016 to 2020.The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in patients with plaque psoriasis was carried out, comparing the efficacy of herbal treatments alone or in association with other therapies. We comprehensively searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Lilacs and Cochrane Library databases, only including studies published from 2016 to 2020. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results: Out of 2,268 articles evaluated, only seven RCT were eligible for final analysis. Five of these studies evidenced low risk of bias and a high level of evidence. Limitations: Few RCT of medicinal plants. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that medicinal plants may be used as topical or oral products, either alone or combined with other forms of treatment. These products have the potential to greatly improve the quality of life of the patient

Plaque brachytherapy – Radiating positivity

Background: Plaque brachytherapy is an evolving, yet effective globe and vision-sparing modality for the treatment of intraocular tumors by transscleral irradiation of the tumor base with a radioactive implant. The American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) along with the collaboration of the international multicenter Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) was assembled to reach a consensus regarding establishing practice guidelines and setting standards of care for intraocular tumors. The advent of plaque brachytherapy has revolutionized the outcomes of intraocular tumors, thus ensuring globe salvage, reducing morbidity and mortality, and avoiding cosmetic disfigurement. A well-planned dosimetry for plaque brachytherapy results in achieving local tumor control and excellent prognosis. Purpose: This technique provides the advantage of focal radiation, thus eliminating the damage to the adjacent structures, minimal periorbital tissue damage, absence of cosmetic disfigurement owing to lack of retarded bone growth as seen in external beam radiotherapy. Thus, it reduces the risk of metastasis, and with the recent advances, it provides a shorter duration of treatment. Synopsis: In this video, we shall display the concept of plaque brachytherapy, the various types of plaques available, different radiations sources, planning dosimetry and calculations, target disease spectrum, surgical placement, and post-radiation outcomes in terms of local tumor control and prognosis. Highlights: This video highlights the history, basic principles and techniques of plaque brachytherapy and provides an understanding of its applications in the world of ocular oncology.

Limitaciones de los puntajes de riesgo cardiovascular en prevención primaria. ¿Una oportunidad para los moduladores de riesgo? / Limitations of cardiovascular risk scores in primary prevention. An opportunity for risk modulators?

RESUMEN Introducción : Los puntajes de riesgo cardiovascular tienen limitaciones relacionadas con la calibración, la discriminación y la baja sensibilidad. Se han identificado diferentes "moduladores de riesgo" que permiten mejorar la estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular: placa aterosclerótica carotídea (PAC), puntaje de calcio arterial coronario (pCAC) y lipoproteína(a) [Lp(a)]. Objetivos : 1) determinar la prevalencia de los moduladores de riesgo citados en una población en prevención primaria; 2) determinar la concordancia entre los 2 métodos de detección de aterosclerosis subclínica; 3) establecer qué proporción de pacientes deberían recibir estatinas inicialmente, según su puntaje de riesgo, y posteriormente con el conocimiento de los moduladores de riesgo. Material y métodos : Se incluyeron individuos de 18 a 79 años, que asistieron para una evaluación de riesgo cardiovascular y que no estaban recibiendo tratamiento hipolipemiante. Se calculó el puntaje de riesgo (ASCVD Risk Estimator) en cada paciente. Se evaluó la presencia de PAC, el pCAC y el nivel plasmático de Lp(a). Resultados : Se incluyeron 348 pacientes (edad media 55,6 ± 12,2 años, 45,4% hombres). En la población total, 29,8%, 36,8% y 53,2% de los pacientes mostraron un valor de Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL, PAC o un pCAC > 0, respectivamente. La prevalencia de PAC y pCAC fue progresivamente mayor según la categoría de riesgo cardiovascular; sin embargo, la proporción de sujetos de bajo riesgo que tenían moduladores de riesgo fue considerable (Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dl: 25,7%; PAC: 22%; pCAC > 0: 33%). En los 60 individuos menores de 45 años la prevalencia de pCAC > 0 y PAC fue de 18,3% y 10%, respectivamente. La concordancia entre los dos métodos para determinar la presencia de ateromatosis subclínica fue discreta (kappa 0,33). La indicación del tratamiento con estatinas aumentó un 31,6% luego de evaluar la presencia de moduladores. Conclusión : La presencia de moduladores de riesgo fue frecuente en esta población en prevención primaria, incluso en sujetos de bajo riesgo o menores de 45 años. La detección de moduladores de riesgo podría mejorar la estratificación inicial y llevar a reconsiderar el tratamiento con estatinas.

ABSTRACT Background : Cardiovascular risk scores have limitations related to calibration, discrimination, and low sensitivity. Different "risk modulators" have been identified to improve cardiovascular risk stratification: carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP), coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. Objectives : The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the prevalence of risk modulators mentioned in a primary prevention population; 2) determine the concordance between the 2 methods of detecting subclinical atherosclerosis; and 3) establish which proportion of patients should receive statins according to the initial risk stratification and after being recategorized by screening for risk modulators. Methods : Individuals aged 18 to 79 years who consulted for cardiovascular risk assessment and who were not receiving lipid-lowering treatment were included. The risk score was calculated in each patient using ASCVD Risk Estimator. The presence of CAP, CAC score and Lp(a) level were evaluated. Results : The cohort was made up of 348 patients; mean age was 55.6 ± 12.2 years and 45.4% were men. In the total population, 29.8%, 36.8%, and 53.2% of patients showed Lp(a) value ≥50 mg/dL, CAP, or a CAC score >0, respectively. The prevalence of CAP and CAC score was progressively higher according to the cardiovascular risk category; however, the proportion of low-risk subjects who had risk modulators was considerable (Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dl: 25.7%; CAP: 22%; CAC score >0: 33%). In the 60 subjects <45 years, the prevalence of CAC score >0 and CAP was 18.3% and 10%, respectively. The agreement between the two methods for quantifying subclinical atheromatosis was fair (kappa= 0.33). The indication for statin treatment increased by 31.6% after evaluating the presence of modulators. Conclusion : The presence of risk modulators was common in this population in primary prevention, even in low-risk subjects or < 45 years. Detection of risk modulators could improve initial stratification and lead to reconsideration of statin treatment.

Evaluation of plaque index, gingival index and oral health-related quality of life in obese patients / Evaluación del índice de placa, índice gingival y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en pacientes obesos

Obesity is a chronic disease that may be related to caries, periodontitis, xerostomia, and dental erosion, as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque index (Silness & Löe, 1964), the gingival index (Löe & Silness, 1963), and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in obese patients. The study included 45 extremely obese, 45 obese, and 45 normal-weight individuals between the ages of 18 and 58. The plaque index and gingival index of the individuals were determined by clinical examination by probing. In addition, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used for the OHRQoL. The IBM SPSS Statistic 22.0 software program was used for the statistical evaluation of the study data. The plaque index and gingival index values were statistically higher in obese compared to normal weight individuals (p0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the OHIP-14 total scores of the groups (p>0.05). Increased apparent plaque index and gingival index values in obese patients may adversely affect periodontal health.

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica que puede estar relacionada con caries, periodontitis, xerostomía y erosión dental, además de aumentar la morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el índice de placa, el índice gingival y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal (CVSB) en pacientes obesos. El estudio incluyó a 45 individuos extremadamente obesos, 45 obesos y 45 de peso normal entre las edades de 18 y 58 años. El índice de placa y el índice gingival de los individuos se determinaron mediante examen clínico y sondaje periodontal. Además, se utilizó el cuestionario Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) para la evaluación CVSB. Se utilizó el programa informático IBM SPSS Statistic 22.0 para la evaluación estadística. Los valores del índice de placa y del índice gingival fueron estadísticamente más altos en obesos en comparación con los individuos de peso normal (p0,05). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones totales de OHIP-14 de los grupos (p>0,05). El aumento del índice de placa aparente y los valores del índice gingival en pacientes obesos pueden afectar negativamente la salud periodontal.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a biomarker of vitamin D status in plaque psoriasis and other dermatological diseases: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hypovitaminosis D is a public health problem associated with several chronic inflammatory and immunological diseases, including psoriasis. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with plaque psoriasis. A comparison was made between vitamin D levels in patients with psoriasis and those with other non-inflammatory dermatoses without photosensitivity. In addition, it evaluated the effects of the patients' Fitzpatrick skin phototype and the season of the year on the serum levels of vitamin D. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at an outpatient clinic in a university center in Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil. METHODS: A review of dermatology patients' demographic data, including skin phototype and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], over 12 months in 2016. RESULTS: This study included 554 patients: 300 patients allocated to the plaque psoriasis group and 254 control patients with other dermatological diseases. Regarding the season of the year, 229, 132, 62, and 131 participants were evaluated in summer, autumn, winter, and spring, respectively. As for the skin phototype, 397, 139, and 18 patients had phototypes III, IV, and V, respectively. The serum levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in the psoriasis group (24.91 ± 7.16 ng/mL) than in the control group (30.37 ± 8.14 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Hypovitaminosis D (< 30 ng/mL) was present in 76.66% of patients with psoriasis versus 53.94% of control patients. Vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was observed in 25% of the patients with psoriasis versus 8.66% in the control group (P < 0.001). The season and patient's skin phototype were independent predictors of serum vitamin D levels.

m 6A RNA Methylation Decreases Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaque Through Inducing T Cells

ABSTRACT Introduction: Knockdown of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) can induce N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of m 6A RNA methylation on atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque by FTO knockdown. Methods: A total of 50 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into pure high-fat group, sham operation group, vulnerable plaque group, empty load group, and FTO knockdown group (10 rabbits/group). Results: Flow cytometry showed that helper T (Th) cells in the FTO knockdown group accounted for a significantly higher proportion of lymphocytes than in the vulnerable plaque group and empty load group (P<0.05). Th cells were screened by cell flow. The level of m 6A RNA methylation in the FTO knockdown group was significantly higher than in the vulnerable plaque group and empty load group (P<0.05). The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein C were higher at the 12th week than at the 1st week, but the high-density lipoprotein C level was lower at the 12th week than at the 1st week. At the 12th week, the interleukin-7 level was significantly lower in the adeno-associated virus-9 (AVV9)-FTO short hairpin RNA group than in the control and AVV9-green fluorescent protein groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: After successfully establishing a vascular parkinsonism rabbit model, m 6A RNA methylation can decrease Th cells and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.

Mechanism of tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitors in treatment of plaque psoriasis and their progress in clinical trials / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

As a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease, plaque psoriasis has a great burden of disease and influences on patient's physical and mental health. In the past decade, plaque psoriasis treatment with biological agents achieved breakthrough development, while oral drugs with promising efficacy and safety are yet to be met. By cell signal transduction, the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway plays an important role in numerous immune-related diseases. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of the JAK family, can impact on plaque psoriasis by regulating signaling and functional responses downstream of IL-12, IL-23, IFN. Deucravacitinib, a highly selective TYK2 inhibitor, has finished its phase 3 clinical trials and shown its efficacy and safety in treatment of plaque psoriasis. Several kinds of TYK2 inhibitors are under research and development at the moment. In this review, we demonstrate roles of JAK-STAT pathway and TYK2 in plaque psoriasis as well as updates on ongoing and recently completed trials of TYK2 inhibitors.

Correlation between CT attenuation value of renal papilla and the occurrence and development of renal calculi / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the correlation between CT attenuation value of renal papilla and occurrence and development of renal calculi. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 100 patients with calcium oxalate stones treated during Aug.2020 and Jul.2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 60 with primary stones, and 40 with recurrent stones. The 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the control group. CT attenuation value of renal papilla was measured with plain scan CT, and risk factors were identified with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The correlation of CT attenuation value and 24 h urine metabolism was analyzed. 【Results】 The CT attenuation value of renal papilla was significantly higher in the primary group [34.92 (IQR: 3.84)] and recurrent group [43.00 (IQR: 8.74)] than in the control group [32.58 (IQR: 5.21)] (P<0.05). Compared with the primary group, the recurrent group had decreased citric acid level but increased calcium level in 24 h urine (P<0.05). The citrate ion and calcium ion were correlated with the CT attenuation value (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Patients with high renal papilla density have a high risk of stone formation and recurrence. Increased renal papilla density is a warning signal for the development of stones. The high calcium and low citric acid in 24 h urine have certain effects on the occurrence and development of urolithiasis. Intake of calcium should be limited and citric acid should be supplemented in patients with calcium oxalate stones.

A Case Report of Annular Elastolytic Giant Cell Granuloma / 罕见病研究

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma(AEGCG) is a rare granulomatous skin condition. We present a case of a 67-year-old man with annular plaques on the face, neck, shoulder, back and upper limbs, and mildly pruritis exceeding one year. Histopathological examination demonstrated granulomatous inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes and multinuclear giant cells in the middle and the upper dermis, with more local eosinophils. Elastic fiber staining showed that elastic fibers were absent in granuloma area and were engulfed by multinucleated giant cells. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of AEGCG was made. The etiology and pathogenesis of this condition are unclear, and atypical manifestations of non-exposed areas can also occur.It is usually related to systemic diseases lacks specific treatment at present.

Effect of moxibustion on plaque psoriasis complicated with obesity / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion combined with coptis chinensis ointment sealing on plaque psoriasis complicated with obesity.@*METHODS@#A total of 52 patients of plaque psoriasis complicated with obesity were randomized into an observation group (26 cases) and a control group (26 cases, 2 cases dropped off). Coptis chinensis ointment sealing was adopted in the control group. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, moxibustion was applied at ashi point (area of local target lesions), Zhongwan (CV 12) and bilateral Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Quchi (LI 11), Tianshu (ST 25), Shangjuxu (ST 37) in the observation group. The treatment was given 30 min each time, once a day for 4 weeks in both groups. The psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score, obesity related indexes (body mass, waist circumference, body mass index [BMI]), triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid and plasma glucose were compared before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the PASI scores were decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01), and the PASI score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); the body mass, waist circumference, BMI, triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid and plasma glucose were decreased compared with those before treatment in the observation group (P<0.01, P<0.05), the triglyceride and cholesterol in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 53.8% (14/26) in the observation group, which was superior to 20.8% (5/24) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion combined with coptis chinensis ointment sealing can effectively improve the clinical symptoms in patients of plaque psoriasis complicated with obesity.

Development and verification of plaque method for detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus titer / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop and verify a plaque method for detection of infectious titer of tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)strain(PHKT strain for short)adapted to primary hamster kidney(PHK)cells.Methods PHK cells were infected with TBEV,a primary mouse brain adaption strain,and passed consecutively for 12 passages.The titer of PHKT was detected by plaque method(Monolayer BHK-21 cells were infected with PHKT of various passages at different dilution ratios,and the plaque number was calculated by neutral red staining)and challenge titration in mouse brain(Mice were challenged with PHKT of various passages at different dilution ratios through brain cavity,0.03 mL for each,observed continuously for 14 days,and calculated for the median lethal dose(LD50)by Reed-Muench method)respectively,and the correlation between the results of two methods was analyzed.The developed plaque method for the detection of TBEV titer was verified for specificity,repeatability and intermediate precision.Results The plaque titer of PHKT virus was up to8.9 lgPFU/mL;The correlation between the results of plaque method and mouse brain challenge titration method was good(r = 0.92);The specificity of plaque method for detecting infectious titer of PHKT virus was good,and the coefficients of variation(CVs)of repeatability and intermediate precision were both less than 5%.Conclusion A plaque method for detecting infectious titer of PHKT virus was developed,which may be used as an alternative method for challenge titration in mouse brain.