Análisis comportamental del líbero en la categoría juvenil masculino de voleibol

Entre los innumerables cambios ocurridos en el voleibol contemporáneo, se encuentra la aparición del jugador líbero. Se trata de un jugador meramente defensivo que puede entrar y salir continuamente del campo y sustituir a cualquiera de los otros jugadores cuando por rotación se encuentran en defensa. La investigación que se presenta tiene como objetivo valorar el comportamiento técnico-táctico del jugador líbero en la categoría juvenil masculino de voleibol; para ello, se utilizaron métodos científicos del nivel teórico y empírico como la revisión documental, la observación y la entrevista que garantizaron el estudio de los 16 atletas loberos que participaron en el campeonato nacional juvenil 2022. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen una serie de datos importantes sobre las particularidades individuales y colectivas de los atletas estudiados, para direccionar la programación del entrenamiento.

Entre as inúmeras mudanças que ocorreram no vôlei contemporâneo está o surgimento do jogador líbero. Trata-se de um jogador puramente defensivo que pode entrar e sair continuamente da quadra e substituir qualquer um dos outros jogadores quando estes estiverem na defesa em rodízio. A pesquisa aqui apresentada tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento técnico-tático do jogador líbero na categoria juvenil masculina de voleibol; para isso, foram utilizados métodos científicos de nível teórico e empírico como a revisão documental, a observação e a entrevista que garantiram o estudo dos 16 atletas líberos que participaram do campeonato nacional juvenil de 2022. Os resultados obtidos oferecem uma série de dados importantes sobre as particularidades individuais e coletivas dos atletas estudados, para direcionar a programação do treinamento.

Among the innumerable changes that have occurred in contemporary volleyball, is the appearance of the libero player. He is a purely defensive player who can continuously enter and leave the field and replace any of the other players when they are in defense due to rotation. The research presented aims to assess the technical-tactical behavior of the libero player in the male youth volleyball category; for this, scientific methods of the theoretical level such as, historical -logical and inductive-deductive, as well as documentary review, observation and interview of the empirical level were used, which guaranteed the study of the 16 wolves athletes who participated in the 2022 national youth championship. The results obtained offer a series of important data on the individual and collective particularities of the athletes studied, to direct the training schedule.

Descrição dos contra-ataques da liga brasileira de futsal (2019/2020) em associação à recuperação da bola, ao tipo de contra-ataque e à região da quadra / Description of brazilian futsal league counterattacks (2019/2020) in associated with the ball recovery, type of counterattack and court region / Descripción de los contraataques de la liga brasileña de fútbol sala (2019/2020) en asociación con la recuperación de balón, tipo de contraataque y región de la cancha

O objetivo foi avaliar o contra-ataque das equipes do futsal brasileiro. Utilizou-se de uma análise notacional (1043 contra-ataques). O tipo de contra-ataque assistido (58,1%) foi mais frequente que o individual (41,9%). Mais contra-ataques terminaram sem finalização (53,3%) do que com finalização (40,7%) ou gols (6,0%). A recuperação de bola direta (86,6%) foi a principal forma de início, seguida por ação do goleiro (12,1%) e recuperação indireta (1,3%). Empatando (44,1%) ou vencendo (35,0%), as equipes realizaram mais contra-ataques que perdendo (19,9%). O contra-ataque é uma estratégia que se inicia no campo de defesa, através de uma recuperação direta da posse de bola e tende a terminar na região do ataque. O quinto jogador adversário, aumenta o número de finalizações e gols.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the counterattack of Brazilian futsal teams. We used notational analysis (1043 counterattacks). The assisted counterattack (58.1%) was more frequent than the individual counterattack (41.9%). More counterattacks ended without a shot on goal (53.3%) than with a shot (40.7%) or goals (6.0%). Direct ball recovery (86.6%) was the main way to recovery ball, with goalkeeper actions (12.1%) and indirect ball recovery (1.3%) being lower. Drawing (44.1%) or winning (35.0%) teams made more counterattacks than losing (19.9%). It was also verified that the counterattacks started in the defensive half-court, with direct ball recovery, and ended in offensive half. With the fifth opposing player, there was more chances to shoot on goal and be more effective.

El objetivo fue evaluar el contraataque de la liga brasileña de fútbol sala. Se utilizó el análisis notacional (1043 contraataques). El contraataque asistido (58,1%) fue más frecuente que el individual (41,9%). Más contraataques terminaron sin remate (53,3%) que con remate (40,7%) o goles (6,0%). La recuperación directa de balón (86,6%) fue la principal forma de iniciación, seguida de la acción del portero (12,1%) y la recuperación indirecta (1,3%). Empatando (44,1%) o ganando (35,0%), los equipos realizaron más contraataques que derrotados (19,9%). El contraataque comienzó en el campo de defensa, a través de una recuperación directa de la posesión del balón y tiende a terminar en la zona de ataque. El quinto jugador contrario aumenta el número de tiros y goles.

Estratégias resilientes de jogadores de futebol profissional atuantes no estado do Ceará / Resilient strategies of professional soccer players acting in the state of Ceará / Estrategias resistentes de jugadores de fútbol profesionales que actúan en el estado de Ceará

Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar a existência de comportamentos resilientes em jogadores de futebol profissional atuantes no estado do Ceará, bem como identificar estratégias de enfrentamento e redes de apoio social dos jogadores. O estudo é fruto de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, qualitativa, na qual foram entrevistados dez jogadores de futebol vinculados a clubes cearenses, entre 18 e 38 anos, nascidos no estado ou não. Para contatá-los foi utilizado as redes sociais, o método bola de neve e o auxílio das assessorias esportivas. Devido a pandemia, a coleta de dados ocorreu de forma online e estes foram analisados através de uma análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que os jogadores entrevistados são munidos de características da personalidade resiliente, tais como: crença em seu próprio potencial, o diálogo com pessoas de confiança, a religiosidade, as motivações individuais e o foco nos objetivos, e possuem uma forte rede de apoio social. Pôde-se concluir que os jogadores detêm um alto nível de resiliência, utilizando-se destas estratégias para superarem as dificuldades e se fortalecerem. Evidenciou-se que na percepção dos jogadores a atuação do psicólogo no esporte é crucial.

This research aims to analyze whether there is resilience in professional soccer players working in the state of Ceará, describe the resilient strategies used and identify whether players have a social support network. The study is the result of an exploratory, qualitative descriptive research, in which ten football players linked to Ceará clubs, between 18 and 38 years old, born in the state or not, were interviewed. To contact them, social networks, the snowball method and the help of sports advisors were used. Due to the pandemic, data collection took place online and these were analyzed through content analysis. The results showed that the interviewed players are equipped with resilient personality characteristics, such as: belief in their own potential, dialogue with trusted people, religiosity, individual motivations and focus on goals, and have a strong support network. Social. It can be concluded that players have a high level of resilience, using these strategies to overcome difficulties and strengthen themselves. It was evidenced that in the perception of the players the role of the psychologist in the sport is crucial.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar si existe resiliencia en futbolistas profesionales que actúan en el estado de Ceará, describir las estrategias resilientes utilizadas e identificar si los jugadores cuentan con una red de apoyo social. El estudio es resultado de una investigación cualitativa descriptiva, exploratoria, en la que fueron entrevistados diez futbolistas vinculados a clubes de Ceará, entre 18 y 38 años, nacidos en el estado o no. Para contactarlos se utilizaron las redes sociales, el método bola de nieve y la ayuda de asesores deportivos. Debido a la pandemia, la recolección de datos se realizó en línea y estos fueron analizados a través del análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron que los jugadores entrevistados están dotados de características de personalidad resilientes, tales como: creencia en su propio potencial, diálogo con personas de confianza, religiosidad, motivaciones individuales y enfoque en objetivos, y cuentan con una fuerte red de apoyo social. Se puede concluir que los jugadores tienen un alto nivel de resiliencia, utilizando estas estrategias para superar las dificultades y fortalecerse. Se evidenció que en la percepción de los jugadores el papel del psicólogo en el deporte es crucial.

Resonancia magnética cardíaca y seguimiento de futbolistas profesionales post COVID-19 / Cardiac magnetic resonance and follow up of professional soccer players recovering from COVID-19

Resumen La incidencia de compromiso cardíaco post COVID-19 en pacientes que cursaron la enfermedad asintomáticos o con síntomas leves no es bien conocida. Tampoco están claras las eventuales repercusiones cardíacas en el regreso al deporte de alto rendimiento. Se realizó un estudio observacional pros pectivo con evaluación mediante electrocardiograma, ecocardiograma Doppler y resonancia magnética cardiaca (RMC) a hombres futbolistas profesionales de nivel internacional que habían cursado COVID-19 asintomáticos o con síntomas leves; seguimiento 4 meses con participación en competencias nacionales e internacionales. Se incluyeron 24 futbolistas, edad media 27, (20-36). Nueve (37.5%) cursaron la enfermedad asintomáticos y 15 (62.5%) con síntomas leves. Los exámenes físicos, electro y ecocardiográficos no evidenciaron cardiopatía. Las RMCs mostraron espesores y volúmenes ventriculares acordes a deportistas de alto rendimiento. En las señales de T1, T2 y saturación grasa no se observó infiltración grasa ni signos de edema; sin realce tardío post inyección de gadolinio. Comenzaron sus entrenamientos entre 12 y 14 días post diagnóstico. Once (45.8%) participaron entre 4 y 6 encuentros internacionales de la Copa Libertadores de América. Los restantes 13 cumplieron con entrenamientos de alta intensidad y participaron en competencias de liga local. A 4 meses del diagnóstico nin guno de los futbolistas desarrolló eventos cardíacos y los entrenamientos y competencias fueron bien tolerados. Estos hallazgos sugieren la escasa repercusión cardiovascular de COVID-19 y la excelente tolerancia al ejercicio de alta intensidad realizado en forma precoz post COVID de deportistas jóvenes que cursaron la enfermedad asintomáticos o con síntomas leves.

Abstract The incidence of post-COVID-19 cardiac compromise is not well known. The eventual cardiac repercussions on a return to high-performance sport are unclear. A prospective observational study with evaluation by physical examination, electrocardiogram, Doppler echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was carried out in international level professional soccer players recovering from COVID-19 who had the disease asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. Four-month follow-up with participation in national and international competitions. Twenty-four soccer players were included, age 27.13 years (between 20 and 36). Nine (37.5%) had asymptomatic disease and 15 (62.5%) had mild symptoms. No athletes required hospitalization. Physical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic examinations did not reveal heart disease. CMRs showed ventricular thicknesses and volumes consistent with high-performance athletes. In T1, T2 and fat saturation signals, no fat infiltration or signs of edema were observed. No late enhancement after gadolinium injection. They began their training between 12 and 14 days after diagnosis. Eleven (45.8%) participated between 4 and 6 international matches of Libertadores de América International Cup. The remaining 13 completed high intensity training sessions and participated in local league competitions. At 4 months after diagnosis, none of the soccer players developed cardiac events and training and competitions were well tolerated. These findings suggest low cardiovascular impact of COVID 19 and excellent tolerance to early post-COVID high intensity exercise of young athletes recovering from the disease with no or mild symptoms.

Differences in situational power performance between playing positions in top level handball / Diferenças na performance entre distintas posições no handebol, no desempenho de potência situacional / Las diferencias en el rendimiento de la potencia situacional entre posiciones de juego en el balonmano de alto nivel

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the differences in situational power performance between playing positions in handball. The following variables were analyzed: body height and weight, fastest shot, fastest sprint, highest jump, and average game time. The study sample comprised 412 handball players who participated at European championships. Backcourt players had the fastest shots and wing players presented the slowest shots among all playing positions. Wing players presented the fastest sprinting (29.09 km/h). Jumping performance showed the most diversity between the playing positions, and backcourt players jumped significantly higher than other players (16.76 cm).

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi determinar diferenças na performance entre diversas posições no handebol em potência situacional. As variáveis incluem; estatura, massa corporal; o remate mais rápido, o sprint mais rápido, o salto mais alto, e o tempo médio de jogo. Os jogadores que ocupam as posições de armador possuem os remates mais rápidos e as pontas por sua vez possuem os remates mais lentos. Os sprints mais rápidos foram registados na posição dos pontas. A performance no salto foi a variável que mostrou mais diversidade entre as posições - os armadores saltam significamente mais alto do que as restantes posições.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las diferencias de la potencia situacional entre las posiciones de juego en el balonmano. Variables incluidas: altura y peso corporal, disparo más rápido, esprint más rápido, salto más alto y tiempo promedio en el juego. Los jugadores laterales tienen disparos más rápidos mientras extremos más lentos entre todas las posiciones de juego. La velocidad más rápida se registró para las posiciones extremos. El rendimiento de salto mostró la mayor diversidad entre las posiciones de juego: los jugadores laterales saltan significativamente más alto que los jugadores de otras posiciones.

Masaje deportivo, una opción en la preparación del futbolista élite / Sport massage, an option in the preparation of the elite soccer player

Resumen Para el futuro incremento de los logros deportivos, se hace necesaria una estructura del proceso de entrenamiento y debe utilizarse todo un arsenal de medios, dirigidos a elevar la capacidad de trabajo de los deportistas. El masaje deportivo constituye uno de los medios más eficaces para lograr estos objetivos, como parte del entrenamiento, además, tiene gran importancia como medio para lograr el perfeccionamiento físico del deportista, alcanzar y mantener por más tiempo la forma deportiva. Por esta razón se propone como un medio en la preparación de los jugadores de fútbol. Para la realización de este trabajo, el autor se plantea como objetivo: proponer una planificación para la aplicación del masaje deportivo en la preparación de los jugadores de un equipo de fútbol de primera categoría. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos como: histórico-lógico, análisis y síntesis, análisis de documentos, modelación y sistémico estructural y métodos empíricos como: la encuesta y la estadística de análisis porcentual. Se seleccionó una población de tres entrenadores, un masajista, un médico deportivo y 17 jugadores de un equipo de fútbol de primera categoría para conocer los criterios, desde el punto de vista teórico como práctico, que tienen sobre el masaje deportivo como medio de preparación del equipo.

Abstract For the future increase of the sport achievements it becomes necessary a structure of the process of training and an entire set of means should be used, aimed at improving the capacity of the sportsmen's work. The sport massage constitutes one of the most effective means to achieve these objectives, as a part of training having great importance as means to achieve the sportsman's physical improvement, to reach and to keep for longer the sport body shape. This is mainly the reason which it is intended as a means in the preparation of the soccer players. For the realization of this work the author sets as objective: to propose a planning for the application of the sport massage in the preparation of the players of a team of soccer of first category. Theoretical methods were used as: historical-logical, analysis and synthesis, analysis of documents, modeling, systemic structural, and empiric methods as the survey, as well as the statistic of percentage analysis. A population of three coaches, a masagist, a sports doctor and 17 players from a first class football team were selected to know the criteria, from the theoretical and practical point of view, that they have on sports massage as a means of preparation of the team.

Is Football players' performance influenced by the quality of opposition? Application of the golden index formula in Club Atlético de Madrid 2016/2017

Aim: In this study, we sought to analyze the influence of the quality of opposition on players' performance of Club Atlético de Madrid (ATM) 2016/2017. For that, the Golden Index (GI) formula was applied to identify and rank the Golden Players of ATM when playing against opponents of different quality levels. Methods: GI formula variables were collected through notational analysis and three global adjacency matrices were constructed to record all successful ball-passing actions performed. Next, the matrices were imported to SocNetV to collect the network centrality metrics. To uniformize each variable, the statistical standardization technique was applied to all variables. ATM opponents were classified into three groups: high-level (n=4), medium-level (n=2) and low-level (n=2), according to their classification in La Liga and participation in the final stage of UEFA Champions League 2016/2017. Results: Koke was considered the Golden Player playing against high-level teams, while opposing low-level opponents he was ranked as second. Against medium- and low-level teams, Antoine Griezmann was considered the Golden Player, but was not classified in the three first positions against high-level opponents. Yannick Carrasco and Filipe Luís were ranked in the second and third positions, respectively, when playing against high- and medium-level opponents. Also, Saúl Ñíguez obtained the third higher index against low-level teams. Conclusions: This study evidenced that players' individual performance is influenced by the quality of the opposition. Additionally, the GI formula proved to be a potent tool in analyzing player's performance in attacking plays in Football.(AU)

Exploring the effects of deep-defending vs high-press on footballers' tactical behaviour, physical and physiological performance: A pilot study

Abstract AIMS The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a deep-defending vs high-press defending strategy on footballers' tactical behaviour, physical and physiological responses, when in numerical difference. METHODS Nineteen elite professional footballers (outfield players) participated in this study, playing an 11vs10 match (simulating an early dismissal) for two halves of 10 minutes on a full-sized regulation pitch. The 11-men team was instructed by the head coach to defend closer to goal in the first half (deep-defending) and then defend higher up the pitch in the second half (high-press). Players' positional data were used to calculate the distance between team centroids, players' distance to own and to opponent centroid, teams' effective playing space (EPS), teams' length per width ratio, distance covered and player velocity. Heart rate was measured via short-range radio telemetry. RESULTS Relative-phase analysis of teams' EPS showed 61.6% of anti-phase synchronisation pattern (i.e. the values change in opposite directions) in the deep-defending game. In the high-press game, teams' centroid distances were closer (% difference in means; ±90% CL, -21.0%; ±9.5%), while players' distances to own and opponent centroids were 20% more regular. Distance covered (-19.8%; ±2.5%), player velocity (-20.0%; ±2.5%) and heart rates also decreased in the high-press game. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, adopting a high-press defending strategy can elicit closer centroid distances, more regular movement patterns, decreased synchronisation patterns of EPS, lower distance covered, lower player velocity, and lower heart rates. Coaches may also consider adopting a high-press strategy, when in numerical superiority, to decrease players' physical and physiological demands.

Utilização de estéreos pessoais por alunos do ensino médio: mensuração da intensidade utilizada e hábitos de uso / Use of digital audio players by high school students: measurement of use intensity and usage habits

RESUMO Objetivo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo mensurar em um ambiente ruidoso o nível de pressão sonora dos estéreos pessoais de jovens do ensino médio, levantar suas queixas auditivas e extra-auditivas e seus hábitos de uso. Considerando-se ainda a preocupação com a saúde auditiva e as fontes utilizadas pelos jovens para obtenção de informações sobre o assunto. Método Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, quantitativo, de delineamento transversal, do qual participaram jovens do ensino médio. Inicialmente foi realizado o exame de emissões otoacústicas evocadas por estímulos transientes, seguido da resolução de um questionário e a mensuração do nível de pressão sonora dos reprodutores de música utilizados em situação ruidosa simulada. Resultados A partir da mensuração dos estéreos pessoais, foram encontradas as intensidades mínima, de 69 dB(A), e máxima, de 93 dB(A). Os resultados mostraram hábitos nocivos à saúde auditiva sendo realizados pelos jovens, tais como tempo de uso (horas, dias e anos) e intensidade utilizada nos estéreos pessoais, assim como sintomas que podem indicar suscetibilidade a perdas auditivas. Observou-se que os jovens, em sua maioria, afirmam preocupar-se com sua audição, no entanto não há mudança de atitude diante dessas situações. Conclusão O hábito do uso do estéreo pessoal é iniciado muito cedo dentro da população escolar e, em muitos casos, esse costume é praticado com o equipamento em intensidades elevadas, o que pode acarretar diversos prejuízos a esses alunos.

ABSTRACT Purpose The main goal of this study was to measure the sound pressure level of digital audio players of high school students and investigate their auditory and non-auditory complaints, and their hearing habits. Another goal was to consider the concern with hearing health and the knowledge sources used by young people to gather information about the subject. Methods This is an observational, descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study, which had the participation of high school students. The first step was an examination of transient-evoked optoacoustic emissions, followed by the application of a questionnaire and the measurement of the volume of audio players. Results The results showed harmful habits of young people regarding hearing health, such as an excessive time of use (hours, days and years) and high volume levels of digital audio players (DAPs), as well as symptoms that may point to hearing loss. It was found that most young people seem to be concerned about their hearing; however, there is no change of attitude to such situations. Conclusion The students develop the habit of using DAPs at very early ages and, in many cases, this habit is practiced with the equipment operating at high intensities, which can cause several hearing losses in these students.

Analysis of Output Levels of an MP3 Player: Effects of Earphone Type, Music Genre, and Listening Duration

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To prevent noise induced hearing losses caused by listening to music with personal listening devices for young adults, this study was aimed to measure output levels of an MP3 and to identify preferred listening levels (PLLs) depending on earphone types, music genres, and listening durations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two normal hearing young adults (mean=18.82, standard deviation=0.57) participated. Each participant was asked to select his or her most PLLs when listened to Korean ballade or dance music with an earbud or an over-the-ear earphone for 30 or 60 minutes. One side of earphone was connected to the participant’s better ear and the other side was connected to a sound level meter via a 2 or 6 cc-couplers. Depending on earphone types, music genres, and listening durations, loudness A-weighted equivalent (LAeq) and loudness maximum time-weighted with A-frequency sound levels in dBA were measured. RESULTS: Neither main nor interaction effects of the PLLs among the three factors were significant. Overall output levels of earbuds were about 10-12 dBA greater than those of over-the-ear earphones. The PLLs were 1.73 dBA greater for earbuds than over-the-ear earphones. The average PLL for ballad was higher than for dance music. The PLLs at LAeq for both music genres were the greatest at 0.5 kHz followed by 1, 0.25, 2, 4, 0.125, 8 kHz in the order. CONCLUSIONS: The PLLs were not different significantly when listening to Korean ballad or dance music as functions of earphone types, music genres, and listening durations. However, over-the-ear earphones seemed to be more suitable to prevent noise induce hearing loss when listening to music, showing lower PLLs, possibly due to isolation from the background noise by covering ears.

Synovial Osteochondromatosis of the Subtalar Joint in an Adolescent Baseball Player / 대한스포츠의학회지

Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon disorder characterized by cartilaginous proliferation within the synovial membrane of the articular joint. Smaller joints are rarely affected and it may be progressed to osteochondromatosis after ossification or calcification of metaplastic cartilage. It is commonly presented in the third to fourth decade of life, but rarely presented in adolescence. We report a unique case of synovial osteochondromatosis of the subtalar joint in 14-year-old baseball player. Arthroscopic removal of loose body and complete excision of the osteochondral mass with concomitant synovectomy resulted in satisfactory outcome without recurrence at final follow-up.

The Effect of Repeated-sprint Training on The Speed-endurance of Basketball Players in Hypoxia Environment / 中国运动医学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of a repeated-sprint training on the speed-endurance of basketball players in a hypoxia environment.Methods Sixteen basketball players were divided into a hypoxiagroup and a normoxia group which had 8 persons each group.The 2 groups separatelyhad a repeated-sprint training with anaerobic power bicycles in a simulatedhypoxic environment at the altitude of 3000 meters and a normoxia environment for 4 weeks(twice a week).Before and after the training,the two groups of subjects had a shuttle run testing and a Wingateanaerobic powertestingin a normoxia environment.Then their blood were collected and measured the blood lactate level at the point-intime of after the shuttle run,3 min later,5 min later,7 min later,and 9 min later.Recorded the result of the shuttle run,the relative average power of the Wingateanaerobic powertesting,and carried on a statistic analysis of the data.Results Comparing with the performance of the shuttle run before the training,the performance of the 2 groups was improved obviously after the four-week-long training (P＜0.05).But there was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).The rate of blood lacticacid clearance in the hypoxia group was higher than that in the normoxia group,and there was a significant difference at 7 min (P＜0.01).The relative average power of the hypoxia group had a significant improvement(P＜0.05),while the normoxia group had no significant change(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference of the relative average power between the two groups.Conclusion Repeatedsprint training can improve basketball players' speed-endurance.Repeated-sprint training in a hypoxic environment can effectively improve basketball players' ability of reducing blood lactate in their body,and the improvement of this aerobic ability can help athletes to have a better performance in competitions.

Elbow Impingement Syndrome in Athletes / 대한스포츠의학회지

Overhead athletes often suffer from elbow injuries due to repetitive throwing movements. In particular, in the baseball pitching motion, a high shear torque generated in the late corking and early acceleration stage causes tensile loads on the medial elbow and shear force on the posterior of the elbow. These repetitive movements can lead to valgus extension overload syndrome. The valgus extension overload syndrome mainly occurs in overhead athletes, and is characterized by limited elbow flexion and pain at the end of extension. It is necessary to differentiate from the stress fracture or the avulsion fracture of the olecranon which complain of posterior elbow pain through computed tomography. The treatment is primarily rehabilitation that restricts the elbow motion. If refractory or mechanical symptoms persist, arthroscopic surgery may be an effective treatment modality for the removal of the osteophytes. In the surgical field, it is desirable to reconstruct the medial collateral ligament when it is confirmed that the ligament is ruptured. Patients who underwent arthroscopic removal of olecranon osteophytes had immediate active elbow exercises and for 3 months were prohibited from pitching exercises. During this period, they were rehabilitated with the focus on strengthening muscles around the scapula, rotator cuff and shoulder. After 3 months, the pitching exercise is gradually started. Six months after the operation, the elbow strength should be restored to the level at which the game starts. Patients who underwent a combined ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, half pitching are allowed at 6 months.

Queixas e hábitos auditivos de usuários de equipamento portátil de som / Complaints and hearing habits of portable stereo set users / Quejas y los hábitos de los usuarios de la audición de sonido portátiles

A exposição a ruídos em atividades de lazer, especialmente com o uso de fones de ouvido, pode afetar a saúde, o trabalho e as relações sociais de usuários desses dispositivos, sobretudo no que diz respeito à intensidade e ao tempo de exposição ao som. Objetivo: Caracterizar as queixas e hábitos auditivos de um grupo de usuários de equipamento portátil de som. Método: Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado sobre hábitos auditivos em um grupo de alunos e profissionais de uma universidade privada durante um evento social na própria instituição. Oitenta sujeitos responderam perguntas sobre hábitos e queixas auditivas e tiveram o nível de pressão sonora do equipamento de som (MP3, celular, IPod) estimado por meio de um medidor de nível de pressão sonora. Resultados: As principais queixas referidas após o uso do equipamento foram zumbido, dificuldade para entender e necessidade de aumentar o volume da televisão ou rádio após ouvir música. As queixas auditivas foram mais frequentes entre aqueles usuários que ouviam música em mais elevada intensidade. Conclusão: A maioria dos entrevistados relatou queixas auditivas após o uso do equipamento portátil de som (EPS), sendo mais frequentes entre aqueles que ouviam música em mais elevada intensidade.

Exposure to noise in leisure activities, especially with the use of headphones, can affect the health, labor and social relations of users of these devices, especially with regard to the intensity and the sound exposure time. Objective: To characterize the complaints and hearing habits of a group of adults in their use of portable stereo set. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire about hearing habits was applied to a group of students during a social event at the University. Eighty subjects answered questions about habits and hearing complaints and had the sound pressure level of sound equipment (MP3, mobile phone, iPod) estimated by means of a sound pressure level meter. Results: The main complaints reported after the use of the equipment were buzzing, trouble understanding and need to increase the volume of television or radio after listening to music. Hearing problems were more frequent among those users who listened to music at a higher intensity. Conclusion: The majority of respondents reported hearing problems after portable stereo set use, which were more frequent among those who listened to music at a higher intensity.

La exposición al ruido en actividades de ocio, especialmente con el uso de auriculares, puede afectar a la salud, el trabajo y las relaciones sociales de los usuarios de estos dispositivos, especialmente en relación con la intensidad y el tiempo de exposición al ruido. Objetivo: Caracterizar las quejas y hábitos de escucha de un grupo de adultos debido al uso portátil equipo de sonido. Se aplicó un cuestionario semi-estructurado sobre hábitos de escucha en un grupo de estudiantes durante un evento social en la Universidad. Método: Ochenta sujetos respondieron preguntas sobre los hábitos y recibir las quejas y tenía el nivel de presión sonora de equipos de sonido (MP3, teléfonos móviles, iPod) estimado utilizando un medidor de nivel de presión sonora. Resultados: Las principales quejas reportadas después de la utilización de los equipos zumbaban, problemas para comprender y necesitan aumentar la intensidad de la televisión o la radio después de escuchar música. las afecciones auditivas fueron más frecuentes entre aquellos usuarios que escucharon música a una mayor intensidad. Conclusión: La mayoría de los encuestados declaró haber oído las quejas después de EPS de uso, que fueron más frecuentes entre los que escuchaban música a una mayor intensidad.

High-frequency profile in adolescents and its relationship with the use of personal stereo devices / Perfil de alta frequência em adolescentes e sua relação com o uso de MP3 players

Abstract Objective: To analyze and correlate the audiometric findings of high frequencies (9–16 kHz) in adolescents with their hearing habits and attitudes, in order to prevent noise-induced hearing loss. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which included 125 adolescents in a sample of normal-hearing students, at a state school. The subjects performed high-frequency audiometry testing and answered a self-administered questionnaire addressing information on sound habits concerning the use of personal stereo devices. The sample was divided according to the exposure characteristics (time, duration, intensity, etc.) and the results were compared with the observed thresholds, through the difference in proportions test, chi-squared, Student's t-test, and ANOVA, all at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Average high-frequency thresholds were registered below 15 dB HL and no significant correlation was found between high frequency audiometric findings and the degree of exposure. Conclusion: The prevalence of harmful sound habits due to the use of personal stereo devices is high in the adolescent population, but there was no correlation between exposure to high sound pressure levels through personal stereos and the high-frequency thresholds in this population.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar e correlacionar os achados audiométricos de altas frequências (9-16 kHz) em adolescentes com seus hábitos e atitudes de audição para prevenir perda auditiva induzida por ruído. Método: Este é um estudo transversal descritivo que incluiu 125 adolescentes em uma amostra de alunos ouvintes em uma escola estadual. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a testes de audiometria de altas frequências e responderam a um questionário autoadministrado que abordava informações sobre hábitos sonoros com relação ao uso de MP3 players. A amostra foi dividida de acordo com as características de exposição (tempo, duração, intensidade etc.) e os resultados foram comparados com os limites observados, por meio dos testes de diferença de proporções, qui-quadrado, t de Student e análise de variância (Anova), todos em um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Foi registrada média de limiares de altas frequências abaixo de 15 dB HL e não foi encontrada correção significativa entre os achados audiométricos de altas frequências e o grau de exposição. Conclusão: A prevalência de hábitos sonoros prejudiciais devido ao uso de MP3 players é alta na população adolescente, porém não houve correlação entre a exposição a altos níveis de pressão sonora por meio de MP3 players e os limiares de altas frequências nessa população.

Characteristics of pre-existing physical factors associated with the onset of Osgood–Schlatter disease in junior soccer players / 体力科学

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of pre-existing physical factors associated with the onset of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) in junior soccer players. Fifty-nine junior soccer players of the elementary school were included in this study. The boys who had been diagnosed as OSD were excluded. At the time of the first investigation, the subjects were examined through physical evaluation and an ultrasonography. The subjects were followed up one and a half years, and the tibial tuberosity was classified according to the growth stages using the ultrasonography. After the end of follow-up period, the subjects were divided into two groups, those with signs and symptoms of OSD that appeared during the follow up period and those without that. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison between OSD group’s and control group’s initial assessments. The players who were followed up for one and half years were 38 people. 5 knees of the 4 players were clinically diagnosed as OSD (OSD group), and the remaining 34 players with no symptoms of the OSD constituted the control group. The range of the bilateral hip external rotation, straight leg raise of the non-dominant side, and knee flexion in the OSD group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). We concluded that a decrease in specific joint flexibility might be related with the onset of OSD.

Relation of behavior of buying lottery to risk attitudes and lottery related cognitive distortions in lottery players / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship among lottery buying behaviors,risk attitudes and lottery re-lated cognitive distortions,in order to propose suggestions about the intervention of problem lottery players and the healthy development of the lottery.Methods:Totally 228 lottery players (120 males,108 females;150 unmarried,78 married)sampled from Jinan were asked to fill out the Questionnaire of Lottery Buying Behavior (LBB),Domain Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT)and Lottery Related Cognitive Distortions Scale (LRCD).Correlation a-nalysis and path analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:The scores of irrational behavior of LBB were posi-tively correlated with the DOSPERT total scores and its factor scores of recreation and gambling,and positively cor-related with the LRCD total scores and its factor scores except optimistic (r=0.17 -0.34,Ps<0.01 ).While the scores of rational behavior of LBB were negatively correlated with DOSPERT total scores and factor scores of rec-reation and gambling,and negatively correlated with LRCD total scores and its factor scores of illusion of control, illusory correlation,over optimistic and gamblers'fallacy (r=-0.18 --0.37,Ps<0.01 ).Path analysis showed that lottery related cognitive distortions had complete mediating effect between risk attitudes and irrational behaviorsof buying lotteries.Lottery related cognitive distortions partially mediate the relationship between risk attitudes and rational behaviors of buying lotteries.Conclusion:It suggests that the higher risk attitudes the lottery players hold, the greater cognitive distortions they will have,which in turn the irrational behaviors of buying lotteries might easily to have.

Characteristics of injuries with female junior high and high school soccer players in comparison with male players / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the past injuries of female junior high and high school soccer players in comparison with those of male junior high and high school soccer players. 41 female and 60 male players were examined for the past injuries that they had experienced. The incidence of injuries in females was 0.21±1.69 injuries per player per year compared to 0.28±0.41 injuries per player per year in males. There was not significant difference in the incidence of past injuries between males and females. The most frequently injured region was the ankle in females and the upper extremities in males. Females experienced frequent ligament injuries while males experienced frequent fractures. It was unusual that females experienced a higher rate of Osgood-Schlatter disease. Females also had more traumatic injuries caused by non-contact incidents. We conclude that it is important for female soccer players in junior high and high school to take measures to prevent ligament injuries in the lower leg and traumatic injuries caused by non-contact incidents. We need to conduct further research to reveal why the females experienced a higher rate of Osgood-Schlatter disease.

Mídia e a produção do sujeito jogador de futebol profissional / Media and the production of the professional soccer player

Este artigo tem como objetivo visibilizar e problematizar a constituição do sujeito jogador de futebol profissional na sociedade contemporânea. Como ferramenta metodológica, utilizou-se a análise das práticas discursivas provenientes de materiais midiáticos, articuladas com as regularidades de enunciados construídos pelos campos de conhecimento na produção dos modos de subjetivação deste profissional. Para a análise, selecionou-se o material proveniente da mídia impressa – Jornal Zero Hora, de Porto Alegre, especialmente, em um período que caracterizou-se pelo surgimento de um atleta jovem na categoria profissional. Como resultado, pode ser visibilizado que o jogador de futebol profissional é constituído na contemporaneidade pelos modos de subjetivação através dos imperativos dos investimentos técnicos e do lucro. O sujeito é submetido a intensa produção de metodologias dos campos de saber para aperfeiçoamento para um alto-rendimento e por consequência estar de acordo com as exigências de qualificações do mercado profissional...

This paper aims to visualize and problematize the constitution of the professional football player in contemporary society. As a methodological tool, it is used to analysis the discursive practices from media materials, articulated with the regularities of statements constructed by knowledge fields in the production of professional modes of subjectivity. It was selected for analysis, a media material came from diaries, especially the period characterized by the emergence of a young athlete in the professional category and have earned attention from media. As a result, it can be visualized that the contemporary professional soccer player is composed by the modes of subjectivity through the imperatives of technical investment and profit on body. It is remarkably seen the production of methodological knowledge on athletes, that turns to a high performance...

Método pedagogía de las situaciones: su influencia en la toma de decisiones de la fase de ataque de jugadoras de baloncesto / Método pedagogia das situações: sua influência na tomada de decisões da fase de ataque de jogadoras de basquete / Positions pedagogy method: its influence in the making of decisions of female basketball players during the offensive phase

Esta investigaci¢n evalu¢ la influencia del M‚todo Pedagog¡a de las Situa- ciones (MPS), (propuesta de Bl zquez, 1986), sobre la toma de decisiones de jugadoras de baloncesto universitario. Para la toma de decisiones, se aplicaron las sugerencias de Refoyo (2001) e Iglesias (2005). En el estudio participaron 24 sujetos, divididos en grupo experimental y grupo control. Los resultados mostraron que el m‚todo Pedagog¡a de las Situaciones (MPS) produjo cambios significativos en la toma de decisiones en la acci¢n dos contra uno. Estos cambios se pueden explicar por la modificaci¢n de toma de decisiones como consecuencia de las repeticiones realizadas du- rante la fase experimental del presente trabajo.

This research evaluated the influence of the Positions Pedagogy Method (PPM) (suggested by Bl zquez, 1986) on female college basketball players at the time of making decisions. For decisions making, Refoyo’s (2001) and Iglesias’ (2005) suggestions were applied. 24 subjects participated in this study; the participants were divided into two groups, one experimental group and one control group. The results showed, that the positions pedagogy method (PPM) produced significant changes in the decisions making on the action two against one. These changes can be explained by the modification in making decisions (cortical areas), as a result of the repetitions performed during the experimental phase of this work.

Esta investiga‡Æo avaliou a influˆncia do M‚todo Pedagogia das Situa‡ães (MPS), (proposta de Bl zquez, 1986), sobre a tomada de decisães de jogadoras de basquete universit rio. Para a tomada de decisães, aplicaram-se as sugestães de Refoyo (2001) e Iglesias (2005). No estudo participaram 24 pessoas, divididas em grupo experimental e grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram que o M‚todo Pedagogia das Situa‡ães (MPS) produziu altera‡ães significativas na tomada de decisães na a‡Æo dois contra um. Estas altera‡ães podem ser explicadas pela modifica‡Æo de tomada de decisães como consequˆncia das repeti‡ães realizadas durante a fase experimental do presente trabalho.