Effect of acupoint injection of Neostigmine on gastrointestinal function after cholecystectomy / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effect of acupoint injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate at Zusanli (ST 36) on gastrointestinal function of patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods:Totally 120 patients undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into an acupoint injection group, a muscular injection group, and a blank control group at 1:1:1 by random number table, 40 cases in each group. The blank control group was intervened by conventional post-operation treatment, the acupoint injection group was by acupoint injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate 2 mL at bilateral Zusanli (ST 36) in addition to the treatment given to the blank control group, and the muscular injection group was by muscular injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate 2 mL in addition to the treatment given to the blank control group. The two injection groups both received injection twice a day, totally for 3 d at most. The restored time of bowel sounds, initial flatulence time, defecation time and clinical efficacy were observed. Results:After treatment, there were significant differences in comparing the restored time of bowel sounds among the three groups (F=17.30,P0.05). The total effective rate was 87.5% in the acupoint injection group, versus 72.5% in the muscular injection group and 60.0% in the blank control group, and there were significant differences among the three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupoint injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate at Zusanli (ST 36) can shorten the restored time of bowel sounds and flatulence time in patients undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the efficacy is more significant compared to muscular injection with Neostigmine Methylsulfate.

Observation of Influence of Mild Moxibustion by Different Intervals on Therapeutic Effects of Patients with Primary Hyperlipidemia / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the influence of mild moxibustion by different intervals on the therapeutic effect of the patients with primary hyperlipidemia. Methods: 63 cases of patients were randomly divided into Group A (32 cases) and Group B (31 cases). In both groups, mild moxibustion was applied bilaterally to Zusanli (ST 36). The treatment was given once a day for group A and once every other day for group B. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were summarized after twelve weeks. Results: The two groups are remarkably significant in reducing total cholesterol (TC)(P＜0.001), and also remarkably significant in reducing triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C) and in elevating high density lipoprotein cholesterin (HDL-C) (P＜0.05); and not evident in improving apolipotroten (ApoAI), apoliporotein B (ApoB), and lipoprotein a[Lp (a)];however ApoAI showed an obvious tendency to rise, and ApoB and Lp (a) showed an tendency to decrease. There is no statistic significance in comparison between the groups. Conclusion: Mild moxibustion for primary hyperlipidemia can be applied by a plan of one treatment every other day.

Effects of Needles with Different Diameters on the Gastrointestinal Emptying in Mice / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effects of needles with different diameters on the gastrointestinal function in mice. Methods: Eighteen Kunming mice were randomly divided into group of 0.25 mm needle, group of 0.35 mm needle, and control group. The acupoint of Zusanli (ST 36) was needled once a day for 5 days. The effects of needles with different diameters were observed by measuring the distance of the carbon moved in the intestine. Results: The distance of the carbon moved in the intestine was longer in the acupuncture group than in the control group (P0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture treatment can enhance the peristalsis function of stomach and intestine in mice. The diameter of needle has no effect on the gastrointestinal function.

Experimental Research of Acupuncture at Zusanli(ST 36)for Anti-aging / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To explore the mechanism of anti-aging effect of acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36). Methods: Thirty mice of 28 weeks old were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, model group and acupuncture group. Sub-acute aging model was established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose. The activity of Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) and content of serum Malondialdehyde(MDA) were measured. Morphological changes of jejunal mucosa were observed with light microscope. Result: SOD activity in the acupuncture group was highest among the three groups, whereas, MDA content was the lowest. In the model group, the ratio of normal intestinal villus was decreased, the intestinal villus was shrunk, and there were more epithelial cells desquamated. In acupuncture group, there were less abnormal intestinal villus and epithelial cell. Conclusion: Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) has an effect in resisting aging by increasing the activity of serum SOD, decreasing the MDA contents, and improving the intestinal villus.

Research on the Relationship between Spinal Ways and the Effect of Point Zusanli (ST 36) / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: The integrity of the corresponding dorsal root is important in the research of the effects of acupuncture Zusanli (ST 36) on gastric smooth muscle. Investigate the communicate channels of central control on the effect of acupuncture Zusanli (ST 36). Method: Selected 30 healthy adult SD rats and using veniua-glacial acid to made gastric mucosa ulcer model. Divided them into three groups, model group, cutting L1-S1group and transecting T10-T11group after the models have been made successfully, each group 10 rats. Implanted diameter in 0.2 mm Platinum Circle electrode into subserous of the ulcer place and recorded the myoelectricity activity of gastric smooth muscle before and after acupuncture Zusanli (ST 36). Acupuncture parameters, 2-100 Hz, lasting 20 mill. Results: Model group before acupuncture, (5.73±0.51) cycle per minitue (cpm), (2.28±0.57) mV; model group after acupuncture, (5.34±0.34) cpm, (1.06±0.13). Group that before cutting dorsal L4-S1, (5.65±0.26) cpm, (1.66±0.15) mV; group that after cutting dorsal L4-S1(5.40±0.23) cpm, (1.17±0.23), group that after cutting dorsal L4-S1and acupuncture, (5.26±0.18) cpm, (2.45±0.23). Group that before transecting dorsal T10-T11, (5.69±0.36) cpm, (1.91±0.25) mV, group that after transecting dorsal T10-T11, (4.98±0.53) cpm, (1.05±0.18) mV, group that after transecting dorsal T10-T11and acupuncture, (4.60±0.44) cpm, (2.52±0.38) mV. Conclusion: Acupunture Zusanli (ST 36) can inhibit the myoelectricity activity of gastric smooth muscle, cutting L4-S1 can strengthen the myoelectricity activity, but the effect of transect T10-T11 is better. So it can be said that the integrity of Dorsal root is important to the effect of acupuncture. The two-way regulation of Acupuncture has a close relationship with the higher centre above spinal cord.

Peripheral Nerve Discharge Elicited by Manual Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) Regulates Blood Pressure in Anesthetized Rats / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To investigate target organ response by recording mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) fluctuation corresponding to nerve-tract discharges from the nerve innervating acupoint of Zusanli (ST 36) in the hind limb evoked by MA in anesthetized rats. Methods: Male SD rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate were randomly divided into 3 groups which were treated with manual acupuncture (MA), injection of lidocaine followed by MA and injection of normal saline (NS) followed by MA, respectively. The right carotid artery was canulated for persistent measurement of the blood pressure and meanwhile nerve discharges from the nerve-tract were recorded for analysis with amplitude spike counts for every 5 s. Results: The results showed that there were significant nerve discharges recorded from the nerve-tract when applying MA at Zusanli (ST 36) and simultaneous decrease in the MAP, while there was no response when inserting a needle into the Zusanli (ST 36) without manipulation (P<0.05). Furthermore, the reduction of MAP during MA could be completely abolished after blockade of peripheral nerve discharges with an injection of lidocaine into the tissue around Zusanli (ST 36) but not with that of normal saline (NS). Conclusion: These results indicate that MA at Zusanli (ST 36) can elicit the peripheral nerve discharges from the nerve innervating the acupoint; such kind of nerve discharges may contain acupuncture signal regulating blood pressure via somato-cardiovascular reflex.

Study of Neuropathways of Acupuncture Effect on Functional Regulation and Disease Treatment / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To reveal the neuropathways of acupuncture effect on regulation of autonomic functions, treatment of diseases and the relationship between treating acupoint and certain target tissue or organ. Methods: it is reviewed for the authors' studies of characteristics of afferent nerve response, somato-sympathetic reflex (one of the somato-autonomic reflexes) and glutamate derived central modulation, target tissue and organ responses to somatic stimulation of acupuncture or electrical shock in rats and mice. Results and Conclusion: An electrical discharge from the nerve afferent serving Zusanli (ST 36) was recorded by applying manual acupuncture or electroacupuncture to Zusanli (ST 36). Such process could be replaced by applying electric shock directly to the afferent nerve assumingly. Somatic electrical stimulation of the afferent nerve e.g. tibia nerve can reflexively elicit an electrical discharge from autonomic efferent nerve e.g. sympathetic nerve that is defined as somato-sympathetic reflex. The reflex can be modulated by an excitatory neurotransmitter of glutamate in the central pathways. On the other hand, somatic stimulation of Zusanli (ST 36), etc. by electroacupuncture showed that them were inhibitory modulation of somatic sensory input from target tissue of the inflammatory pain in the hind paw of the mouse and visceral sensory input from target organ of the colorectum hyperagesia in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rat. Spinal GABA and NMDA receptors were proved to be involved in the former and latter processes, respectively.