Fotopolimerización de resinas compuestas a través de diversos espesores de tejido dental / Light-polymerization of composite resins through different thicknesses of dental tissue

Objetivos: Determinar el espesor de tejido dental a través del cual se presente la fotopolimerización de la resina Prime Dent® con mínimo encogimiento y profundidad de curado adecuada. Método: Se obtuvieron 80 láminas de molares de 1, 2, 3 y 4 mm de espesor (20 por grupo). Se midió la contracción y se calculó el encogimiento de la resina polimerizando (Visilux 2, 3 M) a través de cada lámina (60 s, 400 mW/cm2). Se utilizó la técnica de bonded-disc. Se realizaron pruebas de profundidad de curado, midiendo el espesor de resina polimerizada de acuerdo con la especificación No. 27 ADA. Un grupo control sin tejido dental fue preparado para ambas propiedades. Los datos fueron analizados usando ANOVA con prueba de Tukey (p < 0.001). Resultados: Profundidad de curado: a medida que aumentó el espesor, ésta disminuyó, existiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en todos los grupos. El espesor que mostró menor encogimiento, cumpliendo con una profundidad de curado adecuada (ADA marca como valor mínimo, 1 mm) fue de 3 mm. Encogimiento: a medida que aumentó el espesor, éste disminuyó, no existiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de 2 y 3 mm. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados, es posible polimerizar a través de un espesor de 3 mm, por lo que no se recomienda polimerizar a través de un espesor de 4 mm. Es necesario obtener más propiedades mecánicas utilizando diferentes espesores de tejido dental.

Objectives: To determine the thickness of dental tissue through which Prime Dent Resin® might exhibit light-polymerization with minimum shrinkage and suitable curing depth. Method: 80 laminae measuring 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm thickness were obtained from molars (20 laminae per group). Contraction was measured and resin shrinkage was calculated by polymerization (Visilux 2, 3 M) though each lamina (60 s, 400 mW/cm2). Bonded-disk technique was used. Depth of curing tests were undertaken by measuring the thickness of polymerized resin according to ADA's specification number 27. A control group without dental tissue was prepared for both properties. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey test (p < 0.001). Results: Curing depth: curing depth decreased as thickness increased. All groups revealed statistically significant differences. The thickness that exhibited lesser shrinkage nonetheless meeting with suitable curing depth (ADA establishes minimum value of 1 mm) was the 3 mm group. Shrinkage: as thickness increased, shrinkage decreased; no statistically significant difference was reported for groups 2 and 3 mm. Conclusions: According to obtained results, it is possible to polymerize through a 3 mm thickness, therefore polymerization is not recommended through a 4 mm depth. It will be necessary to obtain further mechanical properties using different thicknesses of dental tissue.

Influência da técnica de inserção de resina composta sobre o selamento marginal em restaurações estéticas oclusais / The influence of the insertion technique of composite resin on the microleaakage of occlusal esthetic restorations

Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a influência da técnica de inserção de resina composta sobre o selamento marginal de restaurações oclusais. Cavidades oclusais em 60 molares humanos foram restauradas de acordo com os grupos: 1 - Filtek Z350/3M ESPE; 2 - Ice®/SDI e 3 - Concept Advantage®/Vigodent, subdivididos em: A - Técnica de inserção incremental e B - Técnica de Inserção cruciforme. Os corpos de prova sofreram: estresse térmico (500 ciclos; 5ºC +/- 1 e 55ºC +/-1); exposição ao agente químico traçador (AQT); seccionamento e análise (lupa estereoscópica 25X) para atribuição de escores de 0 (sem penetração do AQT) a 2 (penetração máxima do AQT). Os resultados evidenciaram os maiores percentuais para o escore 0 para 3-B (80,0%), 2-A (75,0%), 2-B (75,0%), 1-A (70,0%). Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos grupos 1 e 3, não ocorrendo no grupo 2 (testes de Mann-Whiteny e Kruskal-Wallis / nível de significância de 5%). Concluiu-se que nenhuma técnica de inserção foi capaz de impedir a microinfiltração e que a técnica cruciforme representa uma alternativa à técnica incremental, considerando o tipo de resina composta empregado.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the insertion technique of composite resin on the microleakage of occlusal restorations. Occlusal cavities in 60 human molars were restored according to the following groups: 1 - Filtek Z350?/3M ESPE; 2 - Ice?/ SDI and 3 - Concept Advantage ? / Vigodent; subdivided into: A - Technique of incremental insertion and B - cruciform Insertion Technique. The specimens were toexposed: heat stress (500 cycles, 5 ? C + / - 1 and 55 ? C + / -1); exposure to the chemical tracer (AQT); sectioning and examination (25X stereomicroscope) for assigning scores from 0 (no penetration of AQT) to 2 (maximum penetration of AQT). The results showed the highest percentages for the score 0 for 3-B (80.0%), 2-A (75.0%), 2-B (75.0%), 1-A (70.0%). There were statistically significant differences in groups 1 and 3, which did not occur in group 2 (Mann-Whiteny and Kruskal-Wallis / significance level of 5%). It was concluded that no technique of insertion was able to prevent microleakage and the cruciform technique represents an alternative to the incremental technique depending on the type of composite resin used.

Influencia de la fotopolimerización gradual en el estrés de contracción en restauraciones de resina compuesta / Influence of gradual polymerization contraction stress of composite restorations

Cuando el factor estética es primordial, las resinas compuestas continúan siendo la opción restauradora más utilizada. Sin embargo, a pesar de su constante evolución aún presentan algunos inconvenientes, tales como: desgaste, contracción de polimerización e infiltración marginal. Actualmente, nuevos conceptos relacionados a técnicas de fotopolimerización desarrollaron una mejor adaptación marginal asociada a la permanencia de sus propiedades mecánicas. La polimerización gradual, es decir, reducción inicial de la intensidad de luz, seguida por fotoactivación con mayor intensidad han demostrado ser una alternativa con buenos resultados clínicos. Este trabajo propone discutir las principales variables que pueden interferir en el proceso de fotopolimerización, con el objetivo de alertar a los odontólogos en cuanto a la necesidad de un constante control clínico, no solamente por la observación de la técnica incremental, sino principalmente, a través de la monitorización de la cantidad de energía luminosa empleada en el proceso de fotopolimerización. En este contexto, son presentados, mediante revisión de literatura, los principales factores relacionados a la contracción de polimerización y las técnicas de fotopolimerización disponibles para minimizar sus efectos

The composite resins are still the most used restorative option when the esthetic aspect is primordial. However, even their constant evolution they present some inconvenients like: wear, polymerization contraction and marginal leakage. Today, new concepts related to light curing have developed a better marginal adaptation associated to the permanency of their mechanical properties. The gradual polymerization, which means, initial reduction at the light intensity, followed by the photoactivation with more intensity has demonstrated to be an alternative with good clinical results. This paper proposes to discuss the principal variables that could interfere at the light curing process, with the aim to alert the dentists about the necessity of a constant clinical control, not just by the observation of the incremental technique, but principally, through monitoring the quantity of light energy used at the polymerization process. In this context, are presented, by a literature revision, the principal factors related to the polymerization contraction and the available light curing techniques to minimize their effects

Comparative analysis of the shrinkage stress of composite resins

The aim of this study was to compare the shrinkage stress of composite resins by three methods. In the first method, composites were inserted between two stainless steel plates. One of the plates was connected to a 20 kgf load cell of a universal testing machine (EMIC-DL-500). In the second method, disk-shaped cavities were prepared in 2-mm-thick Teflon molds and filled with the different composites. Gaps between the composites and molds formed after polymerization were evaluated microscopically. In the third method, the wall-to-wall shrinkage stress of the resins that were placed in bovine dentin cavities was evaluated. The gaps were measured microscopically. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). The obtained contraction forces were: Grandio = 12.18 ± 0.428N; Filtek Z 250 = 11.80 ± 0.760N; Filtek Supreme = 11.80 ± 0.707 N; and Admira = 11.89 ± 0.647 N. The gaps obtained between composites and Teflon molds were: Filtek Z 250 = 0.51 ± 0.0357 percent; Filtek Supreme = 0.36 ± 0.0438 percent; Admira = 0.25 ± 0.0346 percent and Grandio = 0.16 ± 0.008 percent. The gaps obtained in wall-to-wall contraction were: Filtek Z 250 = 11.33 ± 2.160 µm; Filtek Supreme = 10.66 ± 1.211µm; Admira = 11.16 ± 2.041 µm and Grandio = 10.50 ± 1.224 µm. There were no significant differences among the composite resins obtained with the first (shrinkage stress generated during polymerization) and third method (wall-to-wall shrinkage). The composite resins obtained with the second method (Teflon method) differed significantly regarding gap formation.

Transmission of composite polymerization contraction force through a flowable composite and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the individual contraction force during polymerization of a composite resin (Z-250), a flowable composite (Filtek Flow, FF) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitrebond, VB), and the transmission of Z-250 composite resin polymerization contraction force through different thicknesses of FF and VB. The experiment setup consisted of two identical parallel steel plates connected to a universal testing machine. One was fixed to a transversal base and the other to the equipment's cross head. The evaluated materials were inserted into a 1-mm space between the steel plates or between the inferior steel plate and a previously polymerized layer of an intermediate material (either FF or VB) adhered to the upper steel plate. The composite resin was light-cured with a halogen lamp with light intensity of 500 mW/cm² for 60 s. A force/time graph was obtained for each sample for up to 120 s. Seven groups of 10 specimens each were evaluated: G1: Z-250; G2: FF; G3: VB; G4: Z-250 through a 0.5-mm layer of FF; G5: Z-250 through a 1-mm layer of FF; G6: Z-250 through a 0.5-mm of VB; G7: Z-250 through a 1-mm layer of VB. They were averaged and compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test at a = 0.05. The obtained contraction forces were: G1: 6.3N + 0.2N; G2: 9.8 + 0.2N; G3: 1.8 + 0.2N; G4: 6.8N + 0.2N; G5: 6.9N + 0.3N; G6: 4.0N + 0.4N and G7: 2.8N + 0.4N. The use of VB as an intermediate layer promoted a significant decrease in polymerization contraction force values of the restorative system, regardless of material thickness. The use of FF as an intermediate layer promoted an increase in polymerization contraction force values with both material thicknesses.