Rehabilitación de un paciente con un síndrome de Guillain Barré / Rehabilitation of a Patient with Guillain Barré Syndrome

El síndrome de Guillain Barré es la más frecuente de las polirradiculoneuritis, es un trastorno neurológico autoinmune en el que el sistema inmunitario del cuerpo, ataca a una parte del sistema nervioso periférico. Aproximadamente el 75% de los pacientes sufren una infección aguda (usualmente respiratoria o gastrointestinal) previa a la aparición del síndrome. Tiene una distribución mundial, puede presentarse a cualquier edad, pero es más común en personas entre las edades de 30 y 50 años. La intervención rehabilitadora precoz y oportuna favorece el pronóstico y contrarresta la discapacidad en menor plazo. Se presentó un paciente masculino, de 51 años de edad, con antecedentes de hernia discal lumbar (asintomática) que cuatro meses previos a un cuadro dispéptico, comenzó de forma brusca con pérdida de la fuerza en los brazos y piernas, así como dificultad para respirar, diagnosticándose un síndrome de Guillain Barré. Requirió ingreso en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, aunque sin necesidad de ventilación mecánica. Inició rehabilitación domiciliaria precozmente, sin respuesta motora y se ingresó en el Servicio de Rehabilitación del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Lucía Iñiguez Landín de Holguín para un tratamiento rehabilitador multidisciplinario e intensivo, se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios.

Guillain Barré syndrome is the most common of the polyradiculoneuritis diseases. It is an autoimmune neurological disorder in which the body's immune system affects a part of the peripheral nervous system. Approximately 75% of patients suffer from an acute (usually respiratory or gastrointestinal) infection prior to the onset of the syndrome. It has a worldwide distribution and can occur at any age, but people between 30 and 50 ages is the most affected one. The early and appropriate rehabilitation intervention favors the prognosis and avoids the disability in a shorter period. A 51-year-old male patient with a history of lumbar disc herniation (asymptomatic) who presented four months before a dyspeptic condition began abruptly with loss of strength in the arms and legs, as well as difficulty in breathing. Guillain Barré Syndrome was diagnosed. The patient required admission to the Intensive Care Unit, although he did not need mechanical ventilation. He began the early rehabilitation at home, with no motor response and was admitted to the Rehabilitation Service of the Lucía Iñiguez Landín Clinic-Surgical Hospital of Holguín for a multidisciplinary and intensive rehabilitative treatment, satisfactory results were obtained.

Síndrome de Miller Fisher associada à infecção por escherichia coli / Miller Fisher syndrome linked to infeccion by escherichia coli

A síndrome de Miller Fisher (SMF), uma variante da Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, é uma doença incomum na prática médica. Esta doença é caracterizada por inflamação e desmielinização dos nervos periféricos de provável causa infecciosa. Estão descritos casos associados a infecções respiratórias e digestivas. O presente relato descreve o caso de uma paciente de 54 anos que apresentou SMF após sete dias de infecção urinária por Escherichia coli.

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, is an uncommon disease in medical practice. It is characterized by inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves of probable infectious etiology. Cases are associated with respiratory and digestive infections. This report describes the case of a 54-year-old female patient who presented with MFS after seven days of urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli.

Oligosymptomatic dengue infection: a potential cause of Guillain Barré syndrome / Dengue oligossintomática: causa potencial de síndrome de Guillain Barré

BACKGROUND: Dengue infection may cause neurological manifestations such as encephalitis, myelitis, mononeuropathies, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS). In endemic regions, the infection course can be oligosymptomatic making difficult the diagnosis of the neurological picture associated with dengue infection. OBJECTIVE: To report dengue infection and GBS association, even in oligosymptomatic cases of this infection. METHOD: During the dengue epidemic in Rio de Janeiro city we looked for GBS cases, testing IgM antibodies for dengue and dengue polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. RESULTS: We report seven cases (46.6 percent), presenting dengue positive IgM in serum but with poor or without clinical symptoms of the previous infection. Two of them had also positive IgM antibodies in CSF. CONCLUSION: These data show that search for dengue infection should be a routine in GBS cases living in endemic areas.

INTRODUÇÃO: O vírus da dengue pode determinar várias manifestações neurológicas como: encefalite, mielite, mononeuropatias, encefalomielite disseminada aguda e a síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB). Em regiões endêmicas a infecção pode ser oligosintomática dificultando o diagnóstico neurológico associado a infecção por dengue. OBJETIVO: Relatar a associação entre SGB e o vírus da dengue, principalmente em formas oligosintomáticas da infecção. MÉTODO: Durante epidemia pelo vírus da dengue na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, casos de SGB foram selecionados e tiveram suas amostras de soro e líquido cefalorraqueano (LCR) testadas para anticorpos dengue IgM e PCR para dengue. RESULTADOS: Descrevemos sete casos (46,6 por cento) com diagnóstico de SGB, apresentando IgM positiva para dengue no soro, porém com poucos ou nenhum sintoma infeccioso prévio. Dois pacientes também apresentavam IgM positiva no LCR. CONCLUSÃO: Estes dados sugerem que a pesquisa para o vírus da dengue deve ser realizada em todos os casos de SGB em áreas endêmicas.

Síndrome de Guillain-Barré: patogenia, diagnóstico y cuidados críticos en pediatría

El síndrome de Landry-Guillain-Barré-Strohl, se caracteriza por una parálisis motora ascendente o descendente bilateral con relativa simetría, hiporreflexia o arreflexia, toma bulbar, no presencia de trastornos sensitivos objetivos, síntomas disautonómicos y la parálisis respiratoria es la complicación más grave. El factor autoinmune y el fenómeno precedente tienen valor en la patogenia. El manejo de los pacientes debe ocurrir en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva durante la fase de progresión, para el monitoreo ventilatorio y hemodinámico. Se debe garantizar nutrición, balance hidromineral neutro, control de la vía aérea y ventilación mecánica de acuerdo con los criterios clínicos, gasométricos y electrofisiológicos. La plasmaféresis, los esteroides y la gammaglobulina intravenosa parecen ser propuestas razonables de tratamiento si se utilizan en el momento adecuado.

Landry-Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome is characterized by a bilateral ascending or descending motor paralysis with relative simmetry, hyporeflexia or areflexia, bulbar taking, no objective sensitive disorders, disautonomic symptoms and respiratory paralysis, which is the most severe complication. The autoimmune factor and the preceeding phenomenon have value in the pathogeny. Patients should be managed in an Intensive Care Unit during the progression stage for the ventilatory and hemodynamic monitoring. Nutrition, neutral hydromineral balance, control of the airways and mechanical ventilation should be guaranteed according to the clinical, gasometric and electrophysiological criteria. Plasmapheresis, steroids and intravenous gammaglobulins appear to be reasonable suggestions for treatment if they are used at the right time.

Guillain-Barré syndrome in northwestern China / 中国组织工程研究

We reviewed 100 cases with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) from 1980 to 1999, and found that the features of GBS in electrophysiological classification, age, area, seasonal distributions, and in preceding illness in northwestern China are different in some aspects from those in Europe and North America or in northern China. The demyelinating pattern appeares as a major subtype not only in different age groups, but also in different test times after symptom onset.

Electrophysiological classification of Guillain-Barr? syndrome: analysis of 100 cases / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To explore the electrophysiological and clinical features of various subtypes of Guillain Barr? syndrome (GBS). Methods The electrophysiological and clinical data of 100 cases with GBS admitted to Xijing Hospital from 1980 to 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Correlations between varied subtypes and ages were examined by ? 2 test. Results Among the 100 patients with GBS, the demyelinating pattern was present in 51 patients, the axonal pattern in 25 patients, and 8 patients were inexcitable, 12 patients equivocal and 4 patients normal. The demyelinating pattern appeared as a major subtype not only in different age groups, but also in different test times after symptom onset. There was no statistically significant relationship between varied subtypes and ages. In the 100 patients, 32.0% suffered from a preceding upper respiratory infection, and 22.0% had a preceding gastrointestinal tract infection. The cases occurring in rural areas are almost in number equal to those in urban areas. That is, there was no a clear area distribution. Both demylinating and axonal GBS occurred throughout the year with a likely peak from July to September. Conclusion In the 100 patients with GBS admitted to Xijing Hospital, the demyelinating pattern was the major electrophysiological subtype. In addition, the electrophysiological and clinical features of various subtypes of GBS seemed to be different in some ways from those in the studies of both western countries and Li CY in northern China.