Hepatitis B screening of voluntary blood donors and characteristics of HBV positive population, Chongqing / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the characteristics and prevalence of HBV infection among voluntary blood donors in Chongqing and analyze its epidemiological characteristics, so as to provide reference for effective selection of low-risk blood donors. 【Methods】 The test results of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and viral nucleic acid (HBV DNA) of 314 442 voluntary blood donors from October 2017 to October 2020 in Chongqing Blood Center were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between the total positive rate of HBV, HBsAg+ /HBV DNA-, HBsAg-/HBV DNA+, HBsAg+ /HBV DNA+ and gender, marriage, age, education background, occupation, firs-time blood donation and repeated blood donation was analyzed. 【Results】 Among the 314 442 voluntary blood donors, the total positive rate of HBV, HBsAg+ /HBV DNA-, HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ and HBsAg+ /HBV DNA+ was 0.88% (2 764/314 442), 0.28% (893/314 442), 0.18% (567/314 442) and 0.41% (1 304/314 442), respectively. The total positive rate of HBV, HBsAg-/HBV DNA+ and HBsAg+ /HBV DNA+ was different in gender, marriage, age, education background, occupation and firs-time/repeated blood donation. The positive rate of men was higher than that of women, and that of married higher than that of unmarried, and decreased as the education level elevated.The positive rate of farmers and workers was the highest and that of medical staff was the lowest, followed by students, military personnel, civil servants, and teachers. The positive rate of first-time blood donors was higher than that of repeated blood donors. The differences were statistically significant (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of HBV among voluntary blood donors in Chongqing is relatively high and is related to gender, marriage, age, education background, occupation, and first-time/repeated blood donation. It is necessary to strengthen effective consultation before blood donation, formulate guidelines for blood donation recruitment, select voluntary blood donors from low-risk groups to improve blood safety.

Epidemic features of coronavirus disease 2019 in Henan Province / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the regional epidemic features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Henan Province, China.@*METHODS@#According to the data of COVID-19 patients and the resident population at the end of 2018 in Henan Province, statistical description and analysis of epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Henan Province were conducted, including the time distribution, population distribution, and regional distribution.@*RESULTS@#The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in Henan Province was 1.32/100 000, the cure rate was 98.03%, and the fatality rate was 1.73% by March 9, 2020. The incidence curve showed that the epidemic peak reached from January 24 to January 28. The high-incidence area was Xinyang, with a standardized cumulative incidence rate of 4.36/100 000. There were 580 female COVID-19 patients (45.60%), 688 males (54.09%) in Henan Province. The incidence of males was 1.41/100 000, while the incidence of females was 1.23/100 000. The age with the highest incidence of COVID-19 in Henan Province was 20-69 years old (88.68%). The incidence rate was highest in men aged 30-39 (2.51/ 100 000), while the lowest rate in women aged 0-9 (0.16/100 000). There were 1 225 local patients (96.31%), and the rural patients (45.73%) were slightly higher than the urban patients (44.02%) in Henan Province. A total of 63.60% patients had traveled or lived in Hubei or contacted with people who came from Hubei to Henan. The proportion of patients whose family members suffered from COVID-19 was 32.70%. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis suggested that there was a statistically significant positive correlation in the spatial distribution of COVID-19 patients in Henan Province (Moran's =0.248, =2.955, <0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are differences in the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients in different areas of Henan Province, with epidemic peak reaching from January 24 to January 28. Henan is dominated by local patients, male patients, and patients with contact history in Hubei. The space appears to be moderately clustered.

Prevalence of'healthy lifestyle'in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To examine the prevalence of'healthy lifestyle'from data extracted from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 0.5 million adults from ten areas across China.Methods After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease,stroke or cancer,a total of 487 198 participants at baseline (2004-2008) and 22 604 participants at second survey (2013-2014),were included for analysis.'Healthy lifestyle'was defined as haing the following characteristics:a) never smoking or having stopped smoking for reasons other than illness;b) alcohol drinking ＜25 g/day (men)/＜ 15 g/day (women);c) diet rich in vegetables,fruits,legumes and fish,but low in red meat;d) upper quarter of the physical activity level;e) body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 and waist circumstance ＜85 cm (men)/80 cm (women).We calculated the healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) by counting the number of all the healthy lifestyle factors,with a range from 0 to 6.Results At baseline,prevalence rates of the above five healthy lifestyles (except physical activity) were 70.6％,92.6％,8.7％,52.6％ and 59.0％,respectively,with the mean HLS being 3.1± 1.2.Most participants (81.4％) had 2-4 healthy components,while only 0.7％ (0.2％ in men and 1.0％ in women) of all the participants had all six healthy lifestyles.Participants who were women,at younger age,with more schooling and rural residents,were more likely to adhere to the healthy lifestyle.After ten years,the mean HLS showed a slight decrease.Conclusion The prevalence of optimal lifestyles in Chinese adults appeared extremely low.Levels of'healthy lifestyle'varied greatly among those populations with different socio-demographic characteristics across the ten areas in China.

Prevalence of'healthy lifestyle'in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To examine the prevalence of'healthy lifestyle'from data extracted from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 0.5 million adults from ten areas across China.Methods After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease,stroke or cancer,a total of 487 198 participants at baseline (2004-2008) and 22 604 participants at second survey (2013-2014),were included for analysis.'Healthy lifestyle'was defined as haing the following characteristics:a) never smoking or having stopped smoking for reasons other than illness;b) alcohol drinking ＜25 g/day (men)/＜ 15 g/day (women);c) diet rich in vegetables,fruits,legumes and fish,but low in red meat;d) upper quarter of the physical activity level;e) body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 and waist circumstance ＜85 cm (men)/80 cm (women).We calculated the healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) by counting the number of all the healthy lifestyle factors,with a range from 0 to 6.Results At baseline,prevalence rates of the above five healthy lifestyles (except physical activity) were 70.6％,92.6％,8.7％,52.6％ and 59.0％,respectively,with the mean HLS being 3.1± 1.2.Most participants (81.4％) had 2-4 healthy components,while only 0.7％ (0.2％ in men and 1.0％ in women) of all the participants had all six healthy lifestyles.Participants who were women,at younger age,with more schooling and rural residents,were more likely to adhere to the healthy lifestyle.After ten years,the mean HLS showed a slight decrease.Conclusion The prevalence of optimal lifestyles in Chinese adults appeared extremely low.Levels of'healthy lifestyle'varied greatly among those populations with different socio-demographic characteristics across the ten areas in China.

Suicide rate trends in China from 2002 to 2015 / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:This study aimed to present the time trend of suicide rate in people aged 5 years and over in China from 2002 to 2015,and to describe the rural and urban distribution,and population characteristics of suicide rate in recent 13 years.Methods:The data of suicide rate were based on the China Health Statistics Yearbook published by the National Health and Family Planning Commission (formerly as the Ministry of Health) of the Peoples Republic of China.Poisson regression models were used to test the time trend of the general suicide rate,and region-,gender-and age-specific suicide rates.Results:Since 2002,the suicide rates in urban population,rural population,male and female have decreased significantly.Urban population had higher decreasing trend than rural population,and female had higher decreasing trend than male.Suicide rates in women of reproductive age (15 -49 years) both in rural and urban areas had significantly decreasing trends,and were lower than male with same ages in recent years.There was no statistical difference of the decreasing trend in rural population aged 85 years and over,or young male population in rural area.The annual average suicide rate from 2012 to 2015 was 6.75/100 000.Rural population,male and the older persons had higher suicide rate.Conclusion:The overall suicide rate decreased over the period of 2001-2015.However,it is still important to carry out suicide prevention program,especially in rural area,and in older persons and young male.

Concentración, dispersión y características sociodemográficas en la incorporación espacial de la migración peruana en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina

OBJETIVOS: analizar los patrones espaciales de la migración peruana en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina y comparar la población nacida en Perú que se encuentra agrupada en clústers con aquella dispersa en la ciudad.MÉTODOS: se utilizaron técnicas de estadística espacial y análisis sociodemográfico. En la primera fase se usaron medidas globales de autocorrelación espacial (índice global de Moran) y medidas locales de agrupación espacial para representar clústers de población (Gi* de Getis Ord). En la segunda fase se realiza un análisis sociodemográfico de los clústers de población agrupada y dispersa.RESULTADOS:se sugiere la interacción de dos procesos. En primer lugar, la concentración en zonas específicas de la ciudad de migrantes peruanos en patrones que no son aleatorios. Migrantes más antiguos se encuentran principalmente dispersos en la ciudad mientras migrantes más recientes se encuentran concentrados. En segundo lugar, los migrantes peruanos hombres dispersos tienen una mayor diversificación en cuanto a la estructura ocupacional y una mejor posición socioeconómica que los agrupados. Los patrones observados sugieren que existen diferenciales de género en estos procesos. Las mujeres, tanto las que se encuentran dispersas como las agrupadas, presentan una situación socioeconómica más precaria que los hombres. Esa situación es transversal a la dispersión/concentración en el espacio urbano.CONCLUSIONES:se sugiere que las composiciones de clase, género y la temporalidad de los flujos migratorios articulan las modalidades de incorporación a la sociedad de destino.

OBJECTIVES:to analyze the spatial patterns of Peruvian migration in the city of Cordoba, Argentina and to compare the Peruvian migrants in clusters with Peruvian migrants scattered in the city.METHODS:Spatial statistical techniques and socio-demographic analysis are used for this analysis. In the first phase, global measures of spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran Index) and local measures of spatial clustering represent clusters of population (Getis-Ord Gi*). In the second phase, a sociodemographic analysis of population in clusters and population dispersed is carried out.RESULTS:we suggest there are two entangled processes. First, the concentration in specific areas of the city of Peruvian migrants in patterns that are not random. Older migrants are mainly dispersed in the city while more recent migrants are concentrated. Second, dispersed Peruvian men have greater diversification in terms of occupational structure and better socioeconomic status than Peruvian migrants dispersed. Women both dispersed and in clusters have a more precarious economic situation than men. This situation is transversal to the dispersion / concentration in urban space.CONCLUSIONS: it is suggested that the composition of class, gender and temporality of migration flows articulate the modalities of incorporation in the society of destination.

Megalops atlanticus (Megalopidae), a new fish at the Pacific Ocean; information about its fishery importance / Megalops atlanticus (Megalopidae), un nuevo pez en el océano Pacífico; información sobre su importancia pesquera

ABSTRACT Objective . Reports by the first time Megalops atlanticus, commonly known as tarpon, from the Colombian Pacific Ocean, discussing its distribution, uses, and value for local human populations. Material and methods . Interviews with fishermen from the municipalities of Nuquí and Bahía Solano (Chocó Province) were carried upon in order to collect information about fishing points, ecologic characteristics, and uses of tarpon; samples were additionally taken in order to determine sex, gonadal maturity, and stomach contents. Results. Fifty interviews were made to fishermen who declared have fished tarpon at least once; fishing methods (hook and line, spear, and gill net) and main uses [consumption (65%), handcraft production (20%), commerce (7%) and game fishing (8%)] were got from them. Conclusions. Our study should be the base for additional research and management strategies for this species both in the Pacific and Caribbean Colombian coasts.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Registrar la presencia de Megalops atlanticus (sábalo real) por primera vez en el Pacífico colombiano y dar un marco inicial de conocimiento acerca de su distribución, usos y apreciación por parte de las poblaciones locales. Materiales y métodos. Se llevaron a cabo 50 encuestas a pescadores de las comunidades de los municipios de Nuquí y Bahía Solano (departamento del Chocó) con el fin de recabar información acerca de los sitios de captura, características ecológicas y usos; adicionalmente se tomaron muestras donde se determinó sexo y estado de madurez gonadal. Resultados. A partir del conocimiento tradicional de los pescadores se establecieron los métodos de captura (línea de mano, arpón, caña de pescar y trasmallo), sitios de pesca: frente de los centros poblados de Jurubirá, Tribugá, Coquí y Bahía Solano (encontrándose en ambientes rocosos y ensenadas aledañas a estos) y usos que le dan al sábalo: consumo (65%), elaboración de artesanías (20%), venta (7%) y pesca deportiva (8%), adicionalmente en los ejemplares estudiados se evaluó el estado de madurez encontrándose todos en estadio III de maduración. Conclusiones. Este trabajo permite alcanzar un primer marco de conocimiento acerca de la distribución del sábalo en el Pacífico colombiano y su explotación en la región, sirviendo de base para estudios posteriores y planes de manejo que se realicen de esta especie en el Pacífico.

Population Distribution and Incidence Analyses of Hyperuricemia in Zhoushan Island / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and incidence of hyperuricemia for the Zhoushan island residents in Zhe-jiang province and provide scientific advice for health management.Methods The uric acid reports of island residents were analyzed by a retrospective statistical analysis in the Physical Examination Center of the 413 Hospital from October 2013 to October 2015.The patients with metabolic diseases (such as diabetes,chronic renal failure and other people,etc.)were ex-cluded.According to the different gender and different age groups,the average level of uric acid,hyperuricemia occurrence rate and the difference among the groups were performed statistical analyses.The single factor analysis of variance was used by Microsoft 2003 Excel software.Results The average serum uric acid level of 7 310 island residents was 283±82μmol/L and the incidence of hyperuricemia was 21.2%.The incidence of hyperuricemia was 33.6% in 31~40 years group,and the average level of uric acid was 343±86μmol/L and significantly higher than≤30 years group,significant statistic difference were observed.The incidence of hyperuricemia was more than 15% in≥41 years group,significantly higher than≤30 years group.The population of physical examination was concentrated in the 31~40 years group.The hyperuricemia incidence was 27.9% in 5 214 male residents,and the average serum uric acid level was 368±74μmol/L and higher than the female group (P0.05).The level of average serum uric acid level was less in≥61 and 41~50 years group than in ≤30 years group (P<0.05),but the hyperuricemia incidence were higher than ≤30 years group.The incidence of hyperuricemia was 4.6% in 2 096 female residents.The level of average serum uric acid was 257±57μmol/L and lower than the male group in all age groups (P<0.001).The incidence of hyperuricemia was 18.6% in≥60 years old and lower than 10% in the other groups.The incidence of hyperuricemia increased gradually with age.Conclu-sion The hyperuricemia incidence in island residents was higher,and higher in male than in female.The occurrence of hype-ruricemia was significantly younger.Therefore,health education,reasonable diet adj ustment,improvement of lifestyle and eating habits etc.Should be conducted for a long time to prevent the occurrence of hyperuricemia and related diseases.

Study on time,spatial and population distribution of intestinal nematode in-fections in Jiangsu Province in recent 30 years / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemical distribution of intestinal nematode infections in Jiangsu Province in recent 30 years,so as to provide the evidence for improving prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis in the future. Methods The literature related to intestinal nematode infections in Jiangsu Province from 1984 to 2012 was searched and the infection data in them were sorted and analyzed. Results A total of 26 papers were obtained. In the recent 30 years,the infection rates of Trich-uris trichiura,Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm in Jiangsu Province decreased gradually,but the infection levels in northern Ji-angsu were higher than those in central and southern Jiangsu. In northern and central of Jiangsu Province,the descent speed of the intestinal nematode infection levels was faster before 2000,and then it slowed down after 2000. In southern Jiangsu,the descent speed of the infection level of A. lumbricoides was the fastest,but the infection level of T. trichiura with slight fluctuation kept rela-tively steady. From 1984 to 1989,the infection rates of the 3 intestinal nematodes above-mentioned in all age groups were high, and those of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides were above 20%and 30%,respectively,and the infection rates of hookworm in mid-dle aged and elderly populations were relatively high. From 1990 to 2000,the infection rates of A. lumbricoides in children and teenager as well as that of hookworm in the people aged from 40 to 70 years were high,but those of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides in the people above 70 years old were low. During the period of 2001 to 2012,the middle aged and elderly population and children were still the high-risk groups of hookworm and A. lumbricoides infections,respectively. Conclusions In the recent 30 years,the infection rates of intestinal nematodes in Jiangsu Province have decreased year by year,but the infection levels in northern Jiangsu are still higher than those in central and southern Jiangsu,which means that the northern Jiangsu is the key area of intestinal nema-todiasis control. Meanwhile,the A. lumbricoides infection rate of children and T. trichiura infection rate of the middle aged and el-derly population are high,which suggests that the control should put emphasis on the key population.

Group distribution characteristics of lachrymal duct obstruction diseases in major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM:To determine the group distribution characteristics of lachrymal duct obstruction diseases in major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province. METHODS: Totally 5 353 residents were selected and researched by randomized cluster sampling in the major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province. Ocular examination and lachrymal duct flushing were carried out, and questionnaire survey on lachrymal duct obstruction was conducted. The ratio of lachrymal duct obstruction diseases and group distribution characteristics were analyzed based on above research. RESULTS: The prevalence ratios of lachrymal duct obstruction was 4. 47% in major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province, with 2. 62% in urban area, and 5. 93% in rural area respectively. Prevalence ratios of men and women group were 1. 69% and 6. 39% correspondingly. Difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 67. 2821, P = 0. 0000 ). The highest prevalence ratio was 40-69 year-old group, second one was 70-79 year-old group, especially for women in these groups. The prevalence ratios of Ledong, Lingshui, Baisha and Changjiang county were higher than those of Baoting, Qiongzhong county and Wuzhishan city. No significant difference was found between both eyes. CONCLUSlON: ln major Li Miao minority areas of Hainan province, lachrymal duct obstruction mainly occurs in 40-79 year-old patients, with specially higher ratio of women. Statistically, significant difference of the prevalence ratio between urban and rural areas exists. The higher prevalence ratio is attributed to age, gender, geographical location, climate condition, health environment and so on. The prevalence ratio is higher in the dry and windy areas than in the humid and less windy areas.

Revisión de la demografía sanitaria del departamento de Risaralda, Colombia, 2012 / Review of sanitary demography of the department of Risaralda, Colombia, 2012

Introducción/Métodos: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de una serie de indicadores demográficos calculados con información secundaria del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas DANE, el Registro Único de Afiliados RUAF y el Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica SIVIGILA. Resultados: Se encontró que el departamento de Risaralda cuenta con una población joven, que está viviendo una transición demográfica caracterizada por un aumento en la expectativa de vida y disminución en la natalidad. Risaralda es un departamento donde la mayoría de personas se encuentran ubicadas en el Área Metropolitana, el 78% de los Nacimientos se presenta en las cabeceras municipales, sin embargo se presenta mayor tasa de natalidad en la zona rural sobre todo en los municipios con altas necesidades básicas insatisfechas. El 25% de los nacimientos se presentaron en mujeres menores de 19 años. Si bien el índice de masculinidad es de 94,98, se presentan más nacimientos de hombres y dicho índice va disminuyendo con los años. El 75% de la Población económicamente activa se encuentra en el Área Metropolitana, el índice de dependencia es de 49,8%. El 56% de las defunciones se presentaron en hombres. La tasa de mortalidad infantil fue de 9,99 por cada 1000 Nacidos Vivos. La mayor tasa de mortalidad fue en el municipio de Pueblo Rico donde murieron 6,32 personas por cada 1000 habitantes. En el departamento la expectativa de vida para los nacidos en el 2011 fue de 75.9 años, 73.8 para hombres y 77.9 para mujeres. Discusión: Preocupa la situación del Municipio de Pueblo Rico, donde los indicadores de mortalidad, necesidades básicas insatisfechas, natalidad y expectativa de vida entre otros son los más deficientes del departamento. Este trabajo sirve como fuente de información para la toma de decisiones y planeación de políticas públicas en el Departamento.

Introduction/Methods: A descriptive analysis was performed with a series of demographic indicators calculated with secondary information of Department Administrative of Statistics National DANE, of Registry of Affiliates RUAF and SIVIGILA Surveillance Epidemiology System. Results: It was found that Risaralda is a department with young population, which is experiencing a demographic transition, characterized by an increased life expectancy and decreased fertility. Risaralda is a department where most people are located in the metropolitan area, 78% of births happens in the cities, in contrast, the highest birth rate are given in rural municipalities, especially where exist high unsatisfied basic needs. The 25% of births occurred in women under age 19. While the Index of masculinity is 94.98, There were more men’s births and this rate decreases with age. 75% of the economically active people are in the metropolitan area, the dependency ratio is 49.8%. 56% of deaths occurred in men. The infant mortality rate was 9.99 per 1000 live births. The highest mortality rate was in the town of Pueblo Rico where they died 6.32 people per 1000 habitants. In the department, life expectancy in 2011 was 75.9 years, 73.8 for men and 77.9 for women. Discussion: Is worrying the situation the municipality of Pueblo Rico, where mortality indicators, basic needs, fertility and life expectancy are the lowest of the department. This work serves as a source of information for decision-making and public policy planning at the Department.

Distribution of QPY and RAH haplotypes of granzyme B gene in distinct Brazilian populations / Distribuição dos haplótipos QPY e RAH do gene da granzima B em grupos populacionais brasileiros

INTRODUCTION: The cytolysis mediated by granules is one of the most important effector functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Recently, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2, 3, and 5 of the granzyme B gene, resulting in a haplotype in which three amino acids of mature protein Q48P88Y245 are changed to R48A88H245, which leads to loss of cytotoxic activity of the protein. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of these polymorphisms in Brazilian populations. METHODS: We evaluated the frequency of these polymorphisms in Brazilian ethnic groups (white, Afro-Brazilian, and Asian) by sequencing these regions. RESULTS: The allelic and genotypic frequencies of SNP 2364A/G at exon 2 in Afro-Brazilian individuals (42.3% and 17.3%) were significantly higher when compared with those in whites and Asians (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0007, respectively). The polymorphisms 2933C/G and 4243C/T also were more frequent in Afro-Brazilians but without any significant difference regarding the other groups. The Afro-Brazilian group presented greater diversity of haplotypes, and the RAH haplotype seemed to be more frequent in this group (25%), followed by the whites (20.7%) and by the Asians (11.9%), similar to the frequency presented in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: There is a higher frequency of polymorphisms in Afro-Brazilians, and the RAH haplotype was more frequent in these individuals. We believe that further studies should aim to investigate the correlation of this haplotype with diseases related to immunity mediated by cytotoxic lymphocytes, and if this correlation is confirmed, novel treatment strategies might be elaborated.

INTRODUÇÃO: A citólise mediada por grânulos é uma das mais importantes funções efetoras de linfócitos T citotóxicos e células natural killer. Recentemente, três polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único foram identificados nos éxons 2, 3 e 5 do gene da granzima B, resultando em um haplótipo em que três aminoácidos da proteína madura Q48P88Y245 são alterados para R48A88H245, o que leva à perda da atividade citotóxica da proteína. No presente estudo, avaliamos a frequência desses polimorfismos em populações brasileiras. MÉTODOS:Avaliamos a frequência desses polimorfismos em grupos étnicos brasileiros (brancos, afro-brasileiros e asiáticos) por sequenciamento. RESULTADOS: As frequências alélica e genotípica do polimorfismo 2364A/G no éxon 2 em indivíduos afro-brasileiros (42,3% e 17,3%) foram significativamente maiores (p < 0,0001 e p = 0,0007) quando comparadas a brancos e asiáticos. Os polimorfismos 2933C/G e 4243C/T também foram mais frequentes em afro-brasileiros, mas sem diferença significativa. O grupo afro-brasileiro apresentou maior diversidade de haplótipos e o haplótipo RAH foi mais frequente nesse grupo (25%), seguidos pelos brancos (20,7%) e asiáticos (11,9%), semelhante à frequência apresentada na literatura. CONCLUSÕES: Há uma maior frequência de polimorfismos em afro-brasileiros e o haplótipo RAH foi mais frequente nesses indivíduos. Acreditamos que novos estudos devem ter como objetivo a investigação da correlação deste haplótipo com doenças relacionadas com a imunidade mediada por linfócitos citotóxicos, e se essa correlação for confirmada, novas estratégias de tratamento poderão ser elaboradas.

Em direção a uma demografia ambiental? Avaliação e tendências dos estudos de população e ambiente no Brasil / Towards an environmental Demography? Evaluation and tendencies of population and environment studies in Brazil

As Ciências Sociais foram as últimas a aceitar e incorporar a temática ambiental em seus respectivos temas de pesquisa. Entre elas, a Demografia talvez tenha sido a última a fazer esta conversão, incluindo aos poucos questões referentes à relação população/ambiente. O debate tem convergido para a crescente incorporação da dimensão espacial, sempre presente, mesmo não sendo o eixo central nos estudos demográficos, mas que na discussão ambiental se mostra preponderante. O desenvolvimento do campo, embora rápido e promissor, tem encontrado dificuldades inerentes a áreas de estudo que tendem à interdisciplinaridade, localizando-se na periferia de uma ciência em interface com outras. No Brasil, tais estudos também têm evoluído nas últimas duas décadas, sendo importante para seu delineamento a produção do Grupo de Trabalho "População e Meio Ambiente", da Associação Brasileira de Estudos Populacionais, privilegiado foco difusor destas preocupações no país. Em vista disso, este artigo procura refletir sobre a produção do grupo, na expectativa de trazer à tona alguns elementos acerca dos métodos, temas e problemáticas abordadas ao longo dos anos, no sentido de localizar em que ponto deste desenvolvimento se encontra a temática hoje, e quais as perspectivas e os desafios que se abrem para o futuro.

The social sciences were latecomers in the acceptance and incorporation of the environment into their respective research programs. Among them, Demography was perhaps the last to make this change, gradually incorporating population-environment questions. The debate has converged toward the growing incorporation of the spatial dimension, long present but not a defining issue of demographic studies, but which is central in the environmental discussion. The development of the field, though rapid and promising, has encountered difficulties inherent to interdisciplinary fields, occupying a place on the periphery of one science, at the interface with others. In Brazil, where these studies have also evolved over the last two decades, the work of the Working Group on Population and Environment of the Brazilian Association of Population Studies has been a key factor in disseminating this concern. In view of this, we seek to reflect on the production of this group to identify elements concerning the methods, themes and problematics treated over the years, in order to assess where this field is today, and what are its future perspectives and challenges.

Las Ciencias Sociales fueron las últimas en aceptar e incorporar la temática ambiental en sus respectivos temas de investigación. Entre ellas, la Demografía tal vez haya sido la última en hacer esta conversión, incluyendo poco a poco aspectos referentes a la relación población-ambiente. El debate ha convergido hacia la creciente incorporación de la dimensión espacial, siempre presente, aun no siendo el eje central en los estudios demográficos, pero que en la discusión ambiental se muestra preponderante. El desarrollo del campo, aunque rápido y promisorio, ha encontrado dificultades inherentes a áreas de estudio que tienden a la interdisciplinaridad, localizándose en la periferia de una ciencia en interfase con otras. En Brasil estos estudios también han evolucionado en las últimas dos décadas, siendo importante para su delineación el trabajo del Grupo de Trabajo "Población y Medio Ambiente", de la Asociación Brasileña de Estudios Poblacionales, privilegiado foco difusor de estas preocupaciones en el país. En vista de esto, este artículo pretende reflexionar sobre el trabajo del grupo, con la expectativa de traer a la superficie algunos elementos acerca de los métodos, temas y problemáticas abordadas a lo largo de los años, en el sentido de localizar en que punto de este desarrollo se encuentra hoy la temática, y cuales son las perspectivas y los desafíos que se abren para el futuro.

Distribution of abnormal circulation vascular resistance and cardiac function in population at Guangxi / 基础医学与临床

Objective To analyze the distribution features of systemic vascular resistance(SVR)disorder in healthy subjects at Guangxi province.Methods SVR and systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),pulse pressure(PP),cardiac output(CO),cardiac index(CI),stroke volume(SV),stroke index(SI),left ventricular ejection time(LVET),left cardiac work(LCW) and cardiovascular function were measured with Bioz.com Cardio Dynamics.Results The incidence of SVR disorder in youngster and elder was higher than other subjects.The prevalence of SVR disorders was more among females than among males(P

Pathogen Distribution after Incision of Trachea and Correlation Factors / 中华医院感染学杂志

0.0125) incision of trachea,and oral and pharyngeal portion,but no correlation with hands of nurse and external environment(P