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This is a report of three cases of three male patients. One of the patients had myelodysplastic syndrome, and two had aplastic anemia; their ages were 28, 32, and 21 years old, respectively. Two patients underwent sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and one underwent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. All the patients showed elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit at 6, 16, and 9 months after transplantation, with normal white blood cells and platelets and no splenomegaly. All causes of secondary polycythemia were ruled out. Bone marrow morphology showed no erythroid hyperplasia. The PCR result for BCR-ABL (P210, P230, P190, and variants) was negative, and there were no mutations at the amino acid site 617 of JAK2, exon 12 of JAK2, exon 9 of CALR, and amino acid site 515 of MPL. All three patients had hypertension. One patient was treated with amlodipine, and the other two patients were treated with angiotensin receptor blockers. The durations of erythrocytosis for these three patients were 6 years and 3 months, 4 years and 7 months, and 5 years and 3 months, respectively through December 2022. There was no tendency for spontaneous remission. Erythrocytosis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a rare complication. Previous reports in the literature suggest that the mechanism of post-transplant erythrocytosis in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be different from that of recipients of other transplants.
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Introduction: Renal transplantation is currently the preferred treatment modality for virtually all suitable candidates with end-stage renal disease. Compared with dialysis, kidney transplantation improves both patient survival and quality of life. Nonetheless, post transplant cardiac complications are associated with increased morbidity and mortality after renal transplantation. Aim of the Study: To analyze the risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the renal transplant recipients. Materials and methods: All renal transplant recipients were ABO compatible and crossmatch negative and they are followed up regularly in nephrology transplant OPD. Recipients’ demographic factors like Age, Gender, Occupation, and Literacy were noted. Nature of donor, post transplant duration, graft function was noted Blood pressure was reported as the average of three manual Measurements taken at 3-minutes intervals. Echocardiograph changes were assessed by standard methods. Results: Although all the determinants of enhanced CVD risks in renal transplant recipients had not been well defined, both conventional and unconventional risk factors had been suggested to be contributory. The former risks included diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, and family history. The latter risks include pre-existing left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery vascular calcification, impaired allograft function, proteinuria, anemia, acute rejection episodes, hyper homocysteinemia, and inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Cardiovascular mortality is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease. Mortality from cardiovascular disease is10–20 times higher among individuals treated with dialysis, as compared to general population. The incidence of cardiovascular disease in kidney transplant patients is nearly twice that of the general population. Even young transplant recipients (aged 35–45 years) experienced an almost 10-fold increase in cardiovascular disease-related mortality