RESUMO
Introducción. Las malformaciones broncopulmonares son infrecuentes, esporádicas y pueden asociarse con malformaciones congénitas en otros sistemas. Dentro de este grupo de malformaciones se encuentra el enfisema lobar congénito: una anomalía del desarrollo del tracto respiratorio bajo que se manifiesta como la hiperinsuflación de uno o más lóbulos pulmonares. Entre sus causas se han propuesto el atrapamiento de aire por un mecanismo valvular en los bronquios o el gigantismo lobular por sobredesarrollo alveolar del parénquima pulmonar. Caso clínico. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 2 meses de edad que desde el nacimiento cursó con una patología respiratoria catalogada como proceso neumónico; fue tratada con múltiples esquemas de antibióticos, así como con la colocación de sellos pleurales por complicaciones con aparente neumotorax y derrame pleural. Posteriormente se realizó el diagnóstico de enfisema lobar congénito derecho con el apoyo de estudios de gabinete. Se manejó quirúrgicamente y se encontró la afectación de los lóbulos medio y superior del pulmón derecho. Conclusiones. La paciente evolucionó favorablemente con una buena expansión del pulmón residual derecho y la corrección de las posiciones mediastínicas.
Background. Bronchopulmonary malformations demonstrate a low frequency in the population. Their presentation is sporadic and may be associated with malformations in other systems. Within this group is congenital lobar emphysema, which is a developmental anomaly of the lower respiratory tract manifesting as hyperinflation of one or more lung lobes. Among its causes, entrapment of air through a valve mechanism at the bronchus or gigantism by overdevelopment of lobular alveolar lung parenchyma has been proposed. Case report. We report the case of a 2-month-old female patient who from birth presented with respiratory disease classified as pneumonic process. The patient was treated with multiple antibiotic schemes as well as placement of pleural seals complicated by pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Subsequently, diagnosis of congenital lobar emphysema was made and supported by laboratory studies. Surgery was carried out where involvement of the middle and upper lobes of the right lung was demonstrated. Conclusions. The patient presented a favorable evolution with a good expansion of residual right lung and correction of mediastinal positions.
RESUMO
Bone and joint involement develops in approximately 10 percent of patients with tuberculosis and half of these affected patients have tuterculosis of the spine. The goals of management are to eradicate the infection and to prevent or treat neurologic deficits and spinal deformity. An operation may be performed to drain abscess, to debride sequestered bone and disc, to decompress the spinal cord, or to stabilize the spine for the prevention of correction of deformity. But there are difficulties in approaching the upper thoracic spine(T1-T3). These vertebral bodies can be visualize through a standard thoracotomy. Access is greatly restricted, however, by the scapula and the remaining rabs, making a vertebrectomy and spinal cord decompression very difficult. Reconstruction of the vertebral defect and instrumentation to give spinal stability are equally difficult. We describe a surgical approach to the upper thoracic spine which allow an adequate exposure of the vertebral bodies from T1 to T3. The posterolateral thoracotomy approach seems to be a safe and useful method for the upper thoracic lesion, allows adequate exposure exposure and easy reconstruction.