Inteligencia emocional y su importancia en el proceso formativo de especialidades médico-quirúrgicas / Emotional Intelligence and its Importance on the Training Process as within Medical-Surgical Specialties

Introducción: La inteligencia emocional es una habilidad blanda, definida como la capacidad de reconocer las emociones propias y ajenas para gestionarlas frente a otros de manera adecuada. Este tipo de inteligencia se relaciona con competencias y aptitudes humanas en diferentes áreas sociales, académicas y de trabajo. Objetivo: Describir el papel de la inteligencia emocional en la práctica clínica de los residentes médicos, como marco de referencia para su aplicación en la educación teórico-práctica y la realización de futuras investigaciones. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y Google Scholar. Se emplearon operadores lógicos mediante distintas combinaciones: MeSH: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate; y DeCS: Inteligencia Emocional, Residencia Médica, Educación Médica, Educación de Postgrado en Medicina. La búsqueda se limitó por año, idioma y acceso libre, teniendo en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se obtuvieron 279 resultados, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 26 para ser incluidos en la revisión y síntesis de los resultados. Resultados: Los resultados se organizaron según su relación con la inteligencia emocional en: medición en residentes médico-quirúrgicos, niveles de estrés y burnout, empatía en la relación médico-paciente, desempeño académico, bienestar y satisfacción laboral. Conclusiones: La inteligencia emocional en los residentes médico-quirúrgicos se ha relacionado con menores niveles de estrés y burnout, comunicación asertiva, mayor empatía con los pacientes y calidad en la atención médica; además, con elevado rendimiento académico, mejores habilidades de enseñanza, liderazgo y motivación; y, finalmente, con mejor bienestar psicológico, satisfacción laboral y rendimiento clínico(AU)

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is a soft skill, defined as the ability to recognize one's own and others' emotions in view of managing them in front of others adequately. This type of intelligence is related to human competences and skills in different social, academic and occupational areas. Objective: To describe the role of emotional intelligence in the clinical practice of medical residents, as a frame of reference for its application in theoretical-practical education and the development of future research. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases. Logical operators were used by means of different combinations from the Medical Subject Headings: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate. The following combinations from the Health Sciences Descriptors were also used: "Inteligencia Emocional [emotional Intelligence], Residencia Médica [medical residence], Educación Médica [medical education], Educación de Postgrado en Medicina [postgraduate education in Medicine]. The search was limited by year, language and free access, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 279 results were obtained, of which 26 were selected to be included in the review and synthesis. Results: The results were organized, according to their relationship with emotional intelligence, in measurement in medical-surgical residents, levels of stress and burnout, empathy in the doctor-patient relationship, academic performance, well-being, and job satisfaction. Conclusions: Emotional intelligence in medical-surgical residents has been related to lower levels of stress and burnout, assertive communication, greater empathy with patients, and quality in medical care; furthermore, with high academic performance, better skills for teaching, leadership and motivation; and, finally, with better psychological well-being, job satisfaction and clinical performance(AU)

Implementación de las escalas de evaluación formativa OSATS en habilidades técnicas aplicadas en el laboratorio de microcirugía / Implementation of the OSATS training assessment scales in technical skills applied in the microsurgery laboratory

Introducción. La simulación como estrategia de aprendizaje activo se ha constituido en una herramienta centrada en el estudiante, para la construcción de aprendizajes en entornos seguros y el perfeccionamiento de sus habilidades técnicas. La evaluación objetiva estructurada de habilidades técnicas (OSATS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una herramienta evaluativa en el área quirúrgica, que puede ser implementada en los programas en microcirugía. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y doble ciego, donde se incluyeron 34 estudiantes de especialidades quirúrgicas, quienes fueron evaluados mediante los OSATS para los módulos finales: módulo 1: disección vascular; módulo 2: ejecución de sutura de puntos independientes; y módulo 3: ejercicios de revascularización. Al finalizar la materia, los estudiantes evaluaron la implementación de esta metodología por medio de una encuesta de satisfacción. Resultados. La evaluación del diseño de la guía práctica tipo OSATS por los estudiantes fue satisfactoria (88,2 %). Al evaluar la actividad de disección y sutura en microcirugía la consideraron de gran utilidad (88,2 %), para los ejercicios de anastomosis y revascularización (aprobación del 79,5 %). La aplicabilidad práctica y la calidad de los ejercicios mediante guías de evaluación OSATS tuvieron 94,2 % de aceptación. Conclusión. Las escalas OSATS son un instrumento útil, valido y objetivo para el modelo de evaluación por competencias en habilidades técnicas, que puede ser implementado en los modelos de enseñanza en simulación, contando con confiabilidad, validez de contenido y de constructo. Es aplicable en los programas de microcirugía, con una percepción positiva por parte de los estudiantes.

Introduction. Simulation as an active learning strategy has become a student-centered tool for the construction of learning in safe environments and the improvement of their technical skills. The Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) is an evaluation tool in the surgical area, which can be implemented in microsurgery programs. Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional and double-blind study, which included 34 students from surgical specialties, who were evaluated through the OSATS for the final modules: module 1: vascular dissection; module 2: execution of independent sutures; module 3: revascularization exercises. At the end of the course, the students evaluated the implementation of this methodology under evaluation by means of a satisfaction survey. Results. The evaluation of the design of the practical guide OSATS-type by the students was satisfactory (88.2%). When evaluating the dissection and suturing activity in microsurgery, they consider it very useful (88.2%), for anastomosis exercises and revascularization exercise (79.5% approval). The practical applicability and quality of the exercises using OSATS evaluation guides had 94.2% acceptance.Conclusion. The OSATS scales are a useful, valid and objective instrument for the evaluation model for technical skills, which can be implemented in simulation teaching models, with reliability, content and construct validity. It is applicable in microsurgery programs, with a positive perception by students.

Prevalence of the Settlement of Medical Residences in the State of Tocantins in the Period 2013-2017 / Prevalência de Fixação dos Egressos das Residências Médicas no Estado do Tocantins, no Período de 2013-2017

Abstract: Introduction: The accomplishment of medical residency (MR) is a type of qualification considered to be the "gold standard" for medical specialization. Understanding whether there is actually greater professional settlement or not stimulated by MR and which factors hinder or contribute to the physician's permanence in that place, are important information for the structuring of medical residency and health system programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of settlement of medical residents who finished the residency training in the state of Tocantins, after the implementation of medical residency programs in the period from 2013 to 2017. Method: This is an observational quantitative research, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical design, using the telematic technique and its own questionnaire, carried out with 44 medical residents that finished the medical residency program in the state of Tocantins. The project was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT) under Opinion number 2.292.540. Results: The prevalence of settlement was 65.9% of physicians in the state of Tocantins. Most residents were females (59.1%), with a mean age of 30.8 ± 3.1 years, income between 10 and 20 minimum wages (55.8%) and worked during their residency training (84.1%). The specialties that showed the highest settlement rates were general surgery and clinical medicine, and among these, the majority works for the private and state health networks. The main reason for not settling in Tocantins was to attend another residency or subspecialty program in another state (64.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of medical residents that finished the residency and settled in Tocantins during the analyzed period can be considered high (65.9%). The fact that most of these individuals are young and female and the reason for not settling in the state are important indicators to be analyzed together with the settlement process and the offering of positions in the specialties available in Tocantins. The results of the study indicated a favorable and strategic perspective of the Medical Residency Programs (MRP) in the medical settlement in Tocantins, which cannot be generalized to the reality of such an unequal health system in the country. A larger public investment in the structuring of health network services is necessary, especially in the municipal network, in the organization of support and socioeconomic development of cities.

Resumo: Introdução: A realização de residência médica (RM) é uma vertente de qualificação considerada "padrão ouro" para a especialização médica. A compreensão dos motivos que levam ou não à maior fixação do profissional estimulado pela RM e a identificação dos fatores que dificultam a permanência do médico no local ou contribuem para isso são importantes informações para a estruturação dos programas de RM e sistema de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de fixação dos egressos no estado do Tocantins, após a implantação das residências médicas no período de 2013 a 2017. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional do tipo quantitativo, com delineamento transversal, de caráter descritivo e analítico, com uso da técnica telematizada e questionário próprio, realizada com 44 egressos dos programas de RM no estado do Tocantins. O projeto foi revisado e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT) sob o Parecer nº 2.292.540. Resultados: A prevalência de fixação foi de 65,9% dos médicos no estado do Tocantins. A maioria dos residentes era do sexo feminino (59,1%), com idade média de 30,8±3,1 anos e renda entre dez e 20 salários mínimos (55,8%), e trabalhou durante a residência (84,1%). As especialidades com maior índice de fixação foram as cirurgias geral e médica. No caso desse estudo, a maioria dos participantes atua nas redes privada e estadual. O principal motivo para não fixação no Tocantins foi cursar outra residência ou subespecialidade em outro estado (64,7%). Conclusão: A prevalência de fixação das RMs no Tocantins no período analisado pode ser considerada alta (65,9%). O perfil de feminização, o juvenescimento e o motivo da não fixação dos egressos são importantes indicadores para serem analisados em conjunto com o processo de fixação e oferta de vagas nas especialidades disponibilizadas no Tocantins. Os resultados do estudo apontaram uma perspectiva favorável e estratégica dos Programas de Residência Médica (PRM) na fixação de médico no Tocantins, o que não pode ser generalizado para a realidade de um sistema de saúde tão desigual no país. Um maior investimento público na estruturação dos serviços da rede de saúde, em especial na rede municipal, na organização de apoio e no desenvolvimento socioeconômico das cidades é necessário.

Conocimiento sobre infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud en residentes de postgrado de una Universidad Venezolana / Knowledge about healthcare associated infections in postgraduate residents from a Venezuelan University

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal con diseño de campo para evaluar el conocimiento sobre las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud (IAAS) y su prevención en médicos residentes de los postgrados de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud "Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta" de la Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. La muestra estuvo constituida por 51 médicos residentes de diferentes postgrados a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta para investigar conocimientos en tres áreas específicas: generalidades sobre IAAS, precauciones universales e higiene de las manos. Se consideró que tenían un conocimiento adecuado si obtenían un puntaje promedio de 17,5 puntos o más. El 58,8% de los encuestados fue de sexo femenino con edad promedio de 31 años (DS ±4,32; rango: 25-47). El puntaje promedio en la encuesta fue de 17,9 puntos (DS ±1,87; rango: 12-22). El 56,87% aprobó la encuesta. Al evaluar el conocimiento sobre las áreas estudiadas, se encontró que la mayoría maneja conceptos básicos sobre precauciones universales (86,27%) pero no sobre generalidades de IAAS (37,25%) ni de higiene de las manos (19,6%). En conclusión, los residentes de postgrado poseen conocimientos adecuados sobre las IAAS y su prevención, pero presentan deficiencias en aspectos puntuales del tema.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with field design to evaluate the knowledge about the healthcare associated infections (HCAI) and its prevention in postgraduate residents of the School of Health Sciences "Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta" of the Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela. The sample consisted of 51 residents' physicians from different postgraduate programs. A survey was applied to investigate knowledge on three specific areas: generalities about HCAI, standard precautions and hand hygiene. They were considered to have adequate knowledge if they obtained an average score of 17.5 points or more. 58.8% of the respondents were female with an average age of 31 years (SD ±4.32, Range: 25-47). The average score in the survey was 17.9 points (SD ±1.87, Range: 12-22). The 56.87% approved the survey. When evaluating the knowledge about the studied areas, it was found that the majority have basic concepts about standard precautions (86.27%) but not about generalities of IAAS (37.25%) or hand hygiene (19.6%). In conclusion, the postgraduate residents have adequate knowledge about the HCAI and its prevention but present deficiencies in specific aspects.